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Harvard College 
Library 


By Exchange 


-oL^>^^2^ 


♦ .. 


-H* 


'^■ 


I.' 4 


GRADATIM 


^n €a^ig tatin Cranjilatfon 15006 


BY 

H. R. HEATLEY, M.A. 

ASSISTANT MASTER AT HILLBROW SCHOOL, RUGBY 

AND 

H. N. KINGDON, M.A. 

HEAD MASTBR OF THE GRAMMAR SCHOOL| DORCHBSTBR 


REVISED BY 

J. W. SC UDDER, M. A. 

LATIN MASTBR IN THB ALBANY ACADEMY 


Boston 

ALLYN AND BACON 
1893 


HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY 

BY EXCHANGE, FROM 
BROWN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 

JAN 23 1933 


Copyright, 1889 
By Allyn and Bacon 


Snibersftg tprrsi: 
John Wilson and Son, Cambridgb 


PREFACE TO THE AMERICAN EDITION. 


The authors of Gradatim evidently did not expect their 
book to be immediately followed by Caesar or Nepos. This 
is apparent from their meagre treatment of the Subjunctive^ 
and from the omission of important grammatical points like 
the Ablative Absolute. In preparing an American edition, 
we have taken from Ritchie's Fabulae Faciles twenty-five 
pages of Latin stories which abundantly illustrate the omitted 
points, and which will make the transition to Caesar or 
Nepos easy and natural. 

Conditional sentences have not been treated, because it 
seems better to defer them till the pupil shall begin Cicero, 
where he first finds them in frequent use. 

In revising Gradatim^ the original has been altered as 
little as possible. A few terms have be^n changed, and the 
orthography has been made to conform to that of the best 
American school grammars. 

In the first third of the book, all long vowels have been 
marked ; in the remainder, we mark them only in new words 
and in those likely to be mispronounced. This plan allows 
a thorough drill at the beginning, and then requires the 


iv PREFACE. 


pupil to rely mainly on himself. In this way also the atten- 
tion is more effectively called to exceptional words and 
syllables, than if the long vowels were marked throughout 

We have added a brief Summary of the Cases, with ex- 
amples, which will not only give the student a clear concep- 
tion of their relations, but will enable him to fix the use of 
any case with quickness and certainty. 

The Vocabulary has been entirely rewritten and its scope 
much enlarged. The more obvious derivation of Latin 
words has been given, no attempt being made to trace them 
to primitive roots. Many English derivatives and compari- 
sons between synonyms have been added. 

Gradatim may be used with the Grammar as a Beginner's 
Book, or as supplementary reading to arouse and stimulate 
the interest of the pupil in his early study of the Latin 
language. The abundance of reading matter will allow the 
teacher to choose from the stories such as will best serve his 
particular purpose. Excellent results have already been 
obtained from the use of the original book in preparatory 
schools. It is hoped that the revision will tend to increase 
its usefulness, and aid in making the first year's work less 
arduous for the teacher and more interesting to the pupil. 


The Albany Academy, 
August, 1889. 


PREFACE TO THE ENGLISH EDITION. 


Most practical teachers must feel that, unless they are 
prepared to devote an unreasonably long period to Grammar 
before beginning translation at all, their pupils have to face 
difficulties of Accidence and Syntax for which they are 
quite unprepared. On the other hand, no boy believes he 
is learning a language until he has begun translation, and 
experience has shown, that, though he has learned Latin for 
only a few days, he may attempt translation with success, if 
it is specially prepared for him. In the early part of this 
book an attempt has been made to compose easy sentences 
so as to form connected stories, and at the same time to 
introduce gradually, and after due explanation, such gram- 
matical, points as are best adapted for beginners. 

The writing of the early stories has not been an easy task \ 
but the writers hope that, while often forced to sacrifice style 
to considerations of practical utility, they have avoided 
using words and constructions which have not the sanction 
of classical authority. 

As an additional help the experiment has been tried of at 
first writing the Latin in English order, but this arrangement 
has been abandoned as soon as possible. 


VI PREFACE. 


Grammatical rules and explanations in a very simple form 
have been interspersed among the stories. 

The writers have to thank friends, both in Rugby and 
elsewhere, for many useful hints and corrections. 

Rugby. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGB 

Pronunciation i 

Declension 2 

Conjugation 4 

Subject and Predicate 5 

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 7 

Adjectives 9 

Apposition 11 

Stories for Translation 12-15 

Questions 16 

Prepositions 17 

Stories for Translation 18-22 

Order of Words 22 

Partitive Genitive 23 

Stories for Translation 24-28 

Demonstrative Pronouns 29 

Stories for Translation 30-34 

Comparison 34 

Time 35 

Stories for Translation 36-41 

Relative Pronouns 41 

Active and Passive Voice 43 

Stories for Translation 44-49 

Dative with Adjectives 49 

Dative with Verbs 50 

Place 51 

Stories for Translation 52-58 


via CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

Finite and Infinite Verbs ^S 

The Infinitive Mood 59 

Space 60 

Stories for Translation 61-66 

Double Accusative 66 

Quality 67 

Stories for Translation 68-74 

Participles 74 

Price and Value 75 

Stories for Translation 76-81 

Deponent Verbs 81 

Ablative after Verbs 82 

Stories for Translation 83-88 

Gerunds and Supines SS 

Stories for Translation 90-95 

Impersonal Verbs , 96 

Stories for Translation 97-J03 

The Subjunctive Mood 103 

Stories for Translation 106-111 

Present Participle in 

Stories for Translation 11 3-1 18 

Accusative with the Infinitive ....... 119 

The Subjunctive Mood {continued) 121 

Indirect Questions 121 

Story of the Argonauts 124-129 

The Ablative Absolute 129 

Periphrastic Conjugations 131 

The Subjunctive Mood (continued) 132 

Story of the Argonauts (continued) .... 133-142 

Story of Ulysses 143-158 

Summary of the Cases 159 

Vocabulary 165 


G R A D A T I M. 


PRONUNCIATION. 


Pronounce 


Pronounce - 


— 


a long 


as 


in 


father. 


ae 


as 


ai 


in aisle. 


a short 


as 


in 


aloof. 


au 


as 


ow 


in shower. 


e long 


as 


e in 


they. 


ei 


as 


in 


feint. 


e short 


as 


in 


when. 


eu 


as 


in 


feud. 


i long 


as 


in 


ravine. 


oe 


as 


oy 


in boy. 


i short 


as 


in 


city. 


ui 


as. 


wee 


in sweet. 


i cons. 


as 


y in 


yet. 


c 


as 


in 


cat. 


o long 


as 


in 


bone. 


S 


as 


in 


gun. 


o short 


as 


in 


obey. 


B 


as 


in 


sin. 


n long 


as 


00 in 


cool. 


V 


as 


w in wet. 


u short 


as 


00 in 


foot. 


ch 


as 


k in 


king. 


A dash (-) placed over a vowel means that it is long. In the 
first fifty stories all long vowels are marked ; those not marked 
are short. After that, the long vowels are, as a rule, marked only 
in new words. 

e. g. {exempli gratid) = for example. 

N. B. (notd bene) = notice. 

I 


DECLENSION. 


Sections 1-13 (pages 2-12) require a knowledge 
of the following: — 

(a) Declensions I. II. -< . ,. 

( Adjectives. 

(d) Personal Pronouns. 

(c) Present ( Indicative Active of the First and 

Imperfect < Second Conjugations, and the 
Future Simple ( same of the Verb Sum. 


DECLENSION. 

§ I. Nouns are the Names of Things. 
In English we say — 

The wasp killed the fly. 
The boy killed the wasp. 

In each of the sentences the word " wasp " is un- 
changed, though in one the wasp does the action, 
in the other the wasp suffers the action ; the order 
only has been altered. 

In Latin this difference is expressed, not by 
altering the order, but by changes in the form of 
the word, called Case-Endings. 

Nominative, Vespa, when the wasp does the action. 
Accusative, Vespam, when the wasp suffers the action. 

Vespa muBcam nec&vit. TAe wasp killed the fly. 
Vespam puer nec&vit. The boy killed the wasp. 


DECLENSION. 


Pronouns are the only words in English which have 
different forms for Nominative and Accusative. 

Nominative, I; who. 
Accusative, Me; whom. 

§ 2. Besides the Nominative and Accusative, 
Latin has three other Cases, 

Genitive, Dative, Ablative, 

the meaning of which is expressed in English by 
Prepositions, ofy to, by, etc. 

GENmvE, Vesparam, of wasps. 
Dative, Vespae, to the wasp. 
Ablative, Vespa, by the wasp. 

English has also a special Case-ending (*s) for the 
Genitive. 

The wasp's sting; or 

The sting of the wasp. 

§ 3. There are thus in Latin five Cases in the 
Singular, each v^ith its own Ending ; and the same 
number in the Plural. 

There is also another Case, the Vocative, used of the 
Person Addressed; but it has always the same form as 
the Nominative, except in the singular of Nouns in -us 
of Declension II. 

To give these changes in the form of a Noun is 
called Declining a Noun. 


CONJUGATION. 


CONJUGATION. 

§ 4. Verbs express Actions. 

Actions are done by different Persons: we ex- 
press this difference in English by placing Pro- 
nouns before the Verb, sometimes (but not often) 
altering its form also. 

I love, you love, he (or she) loves. 

In Latin there is a special form for each Person, 
both in the Singular and the Plural, therefore the 
Pronoun need not be put in. 

Am5» amfta, amat. 

All Nouns are of the Third Person; if, therefore, a 
Noun is used, the Verb will be in the Third Person. 

Wasps sting. 

§ 5. Actions also differ in the time at which 
they are done; they may be Present^ Past^ or 
Future, In English, to express this difference, 
we use other Verbs, called Auxiliary or Helping 
Verbs, though there is also a special form for 
Past time. 

Present, I love, am loving, or do love. 

Past, I was loving, used to love, did love, loved. 

Future, I shall love. 


SUBJECT AND PREDICATE. $ 

In Latin there are special Tense FormSf to ex- 
press these differences of time. 

Present, amo. 
Past, amabam. 
Future, axnabb. 

To give these special tense forms is called 
Conjugating a Verb. 

N. B. In Latin the Present Tense is often used 
for the sake of greater vividness where in English we 
use the Past. 

DSmum Yidet paerum. At length he saw the boy. 
SUBJECT AND PREDICATE. 

§ 6. Sentences are divided into SUBJECT and 

Predicate. 

The Subject is the Person or Thing talked 
about. 

The Predicate is what is said about the Subject. 

The Subject may be — 

Simple, — One Noun. 

Birds sing. 

Qualified. — Noun with words added to it to tell 
you something more about the Subject. 

Small birds sing. 


SUBJECT AND PREDICATE. 


Composite. — Two or more Nouns. 

Blackbirds and thrushes sing. 

The Predicate may be — 

One Verb. 

Birds sing. 

Verb with qualifying word or words. 

Birds sing sweetly. 
Verb with governed word or words. 
Birds sing sweet songs. 

In Latin the Subject and Predicate may both 
be contained in a single word. 

CantftmuB, we sing. 

§ 7. Special attention must be paid in Latin 
to certain Rules, which are not so noticeable in 
English. 

Snle L The Verb must be of the same Person 
and Number as its Nominative. 

ConrI oantant, ravens croak. 
" Corvl cant5 " would mean, ravens I croak^ which 
would be nonsense. 


TRANSITIVE VERBS. 


Exoreito I. 

Subject and Predicate in One Word. 

1. Rid6mus. 5. Dabant 

2. Ambulabatis. 6. Erimus. 

3. Manebimus. 7. Tenetis. 

4. Videbis.* 8. Volnerabitis. 

Exoroito 2. 

Subject. Predicate. 

1. Pueri manebant. 

2. Servi ridebunt. 

3. Ego et nGntius manebimus. 

4. Tu et puella cantabitis. 

5. Taurus apparet 

INTRANSITIVE. 

§ 8. When an action only affects the doer, 
the Verb is called INTRANSITIVE, because its ac- 
tion does not pass across from the doer to any- 
thing else. 

Mane5, / remain. 

TRANSITIVE. 

But when an action affects some person or thing 
besides the doer, the Verb is called TRANSITIVE, 
because the action passes across from the doer to 


8 TRANSITIVE VERBS. 

the other person or thing; and the latter is put 
into the Accusative Case. 

Enle 2. When used Transitively^ Verbs govern 
an Accusative Case. 

Exoroito 3. 

1. Periculum videbitis. 

2. Timemus lupum. 

3. Amicos advocSmus. 

4. Intrd aquam. 


Exorcise 4. 


Subject. 


Predicate. 


I. 


Puer 


taunim volnerabit 


2. 


Taurus 


volnerat pueruui. 


3- 


Magister 


puellam docebit. 


4 


Fossae 


agros terminant. 


§ 9. Care must be taken not to confuse the 
Accusative Case with the Dative. These are 
easily confused in English, since the Preposition 
tOy which is the sign of the Dative, is frequently 
left out. 

Enle 8. The Dative is the Case of the Recip- 
ient, or the person (or thing) who is interested 
in an action, but does not actually suffer it. 

I give sugar to the wasp, 
I give the wasp sugar. 


ADJECTIVES. 


What I give is sugar; the wasp receives it, and 
is interested in what I do. 


Exoreito 5. 


Subject. 


Predicate. 


I. 


Magister 


fabulam pueris nSrrat. 


2. 


Agricola 


dabit p5ma amicis. 


3. 


Advena 


puellae cibum praebet 


4. 


Furtum 


domind apparet. 


5. Praefectus oppido prae-erat. 

ADJECTIVES. 

§ 10. An Adjective is a word added to a 
Noun to distinguish it from others like it. 

In English, Adjectives have only one form. 

In Latin, many Adjectives have three Termi- 
nations in each Case, one for each of the three 
Genders, Masculine, Feminine, and Neuter. 

Possessive Pronouns, which are really Adjectives, 
agree in Latin with the Thing Possessed, and are not 
affected as in English by the gender of the Possessor, 

TauruB volnerftvit 5 nam dominam. 
The bull wounded his mistress. 

Snle 4. An Adjective must be put in the same 
Gender, Number, and Case, as the Noun it is 
used with. 


10 ADJECTIVES. 


Saevns ocuIub. 
Clara aqua. 
Vir est bonus. 

In English the Gender of a word is always settled 
by the meaning; but in Latin there is more difficulty, 
for it is settled generally, not by the meaning, but by 
the form of a word. 

Eye is Neuter in English. 
Ociilus is Masculine in Latin. 

Exoreito 6< 

Subject. Predicate. 

Copula. Complement* 

1. Templa sunt sacra. 

2. Agricolae erant probi. 

3. Servus est impiger. 

Exercise 7. 
Subject. Predicate. 

1. Multae puellae canoram fistulam amant. 

2. Niger servus timebat cornigerum taurum. 

3. Maesti agricolae saevum bellura timebunt. 

§ II. The Genitive Case of a Noun can often 
be used instead of an Adjective. 

f Patemi hortl. 
My father's gardens, i „ ^ , 
•^ -^ ^ ( Patns hortl 


APPOSITION. 1 1 


Exereite 8. 

Subject. Predicate. 

1. Nuntius deorum ad-est. 

2. Caesar castra Britann5rum oppagnabat. 

3. Ripae rivi sunt altae. 

4. Verba amic5rum sunt grata. 

5. Feminarum ira est acerba. 

6. Ocean! undae terram inundabunt. 


APPOSITION. 

§ 12. Enle 6. Words which refer to, or are 
names of, the same thing, are put into the same 
Case. These are said to be in Apposition. 

Exercise 9. 

1. Verberab5 Gaium, malum puerum. 

2. Membra Pompei, servi Afri, sunt nigra. 

3. R5mani oppidum Veios oppugnabunt. 

4. Dabimus argentum poetae, nostro amico. 

§ 13. The Ablative Case generally qualifies a 
Verb like an Adverb, and answers the questions, 
How f why ? when ? where ? 

He slew him, with a swordy from hatred, at night, 
in the street. 


12 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

Obs, (i.) The Conjunction -que, and, cannot stand 
by itself, but is joined to the end of the word to which 
it belongs. 

Puerl puellaeque. 

Puerl et puellae. 

(2.) Latin has no Article; therefore, in translating 
a Noun, think whether you ought to put in a or the 
before it or not. 

(3.) The Possessive Pronouns my, his, their, etc., 
are often left out in Latin. 

Servl vidSbant dominum. 

The slaves saw their master. 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

L THE NAUGHTY BOY. 

Albertus, ignavus puer, non amabat litteras. Saepe 
vitabat suum magistrum, et pererrabat agros. At saevus 
taurus habitabat agros. Demum videt puerum. Primd 
Stat et saevis oculis lustrat advenam. Albertus tentat 
fugam. Turn taurus instat. Mox comigerum monstrum 
volnerabit tergum inisei-i pueri. 

2. THE DIRTY DITCH, 

Forte lata fossa, plena limo et aquS, terminabat 
agrum. Miser puer approplnquat loc5 et temere mandat 
se aquae. Aqua est non alta, sed profundus limus cohibet 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 1 3 

membra. Taurus videt puerum sed timet periculum 
aquae. Diu Albertus haeret, et taurus vana ira lustrat 
captivum. At agricola forte intrat agrum. Statim magno 
baculo deturbat taurum liberat-que puerum. 

"" 3. THE ROTTEN APPLES, 

Carolus, filius iinpigri agricolae, bonus erat puer sed 
amabat malos amic5s. Agricola igitur dat puero cala- 
thum plenum pom5rum. Calathus continebat poma 
bona, pauca tamen erant putrida. Puer curat donum 
diligenter, sed mala p5ma maculant bona, et mox cuncta 
sunt mala. Carolus maestus plorat adversam fortunam. 
Tum agricola ita monet filium. " Mala poma maculant 
bona, certe mali amici maculabunt bonum puerum." 

^14^ THE BLACKAMOOR, 

Florus, Afer puer, erat servus Titi, Britannic! coldni 
(nam Britanni olim habebant servos). Augustus et 
Itilius, filii Titi, saepe ridebant nigra membra parvi 
servi. Florus aliquand5 non tenebat lacrimas. At 
Titus, vir bonus, forte videt lacrimas,) et plenus irae 
maculat nigro limo oculos et capillos et membra malo- 
rum puerorum. Itaque pueri nunquam posthac ride- 
bant parvum servum. 

6. THE MISER, 

Fliitus, vir avarus, parat parvam fbssam, atque ibi 
celat multum argentum. Forte servus arabat agrum. 


14 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

Subito ntidat latebras et spoliat argentum. Postridie 
furtum apparet domino, nam saepe spectabat suura the- 
saunim avidis oculis. Miser Plutus implet terram et 
caelum querelis. Subito Mercurius, fidus deonim nun- 
tius, adest, et benigne postulat causam lacrimarum. 
Plutus igitur ita narrat malam fortunam. 


6. THE MISER (Continued). 

" Sura vir egenus, tamen habebam parvum thesau- 
rum ; semper servabam meam pecuniam magna cura. 
Nunc tamen mihi nihil manet." At deus mulcet maes- 
tum animum viri, et implet fossam saxis. Turn ita 
admonet Plutum. " Tu quidem semper lustrabas ar- 
gentum, nee unquam attrectabas divitias. Divitiae 
non prosunt avaro; saxa igitur tibi supplebunt locum 
argenti." 

7. THE BROKEN DIKE, 

Cimbri habitant miram terram, nam 5ceanus saepe 
inundat tecta et agros agricolarum. Incolae magnis 
fossis tumulis-que coercent violentiam undarum ; ali- 
quand5 tamen aqua deturbat claustra et vastat terram. 
Forte tumulus non validus erat; iam parva rima ap- 
paret; mox magna via patebit et undae superabunt 
terram. At parvus puer videt periculum ; statim dextra 
implet rimam et coercet aquam. 


A/^^ 


\JL 


--LcH^ ^ 


-* ( 


i V 


. ^ir^ ' 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 


IS 


8. THE BROKEN DIKE (Continued), 

DiQ et constanter puer servabat praesidium. lam 
membra rigebant, at parva dextra semper coercebat 
aquam. Postridie agricolae approplnquant loco. Puer 
frigidus et moribundus dextra tamen coercet aquam. 
Celeriter confirmant tumuliim saxis, et implent rimam 
limo. Tum sublevant umeris puerum recreant-que 
cibo. Cimbri saepe commemorant tantam c5nstantiam, 
narrant-que suis liberis factum pueri. 


.f 


9. THE PIPER'S SLAVE. 

Carolus, puer inhonestus, erat servus Clodi, vir! ho- 
nest!. Clodius erat perltus fistula et saepe delectSbat 
amicos canoris sonis ; at puer non amabat fistulam, sed 
saepe erat molestus domino. Forte agricola, vicinus 
Clodi, celebrat nuptias filiae, vocat-que et dominum et 
servum. Cena erat copiosa ; mensa vix sustinebat mag- 
num caseum; hie erant ova, illic poma; at porculus 
praecipue delectabat oculos convivarum. 


10. THE PIPER'S SLAVE (Continued), 

Convivae cupide exspectant epulas ; mox c^nabunt 
splendide. Interea saltant, et dominus Caroll can tat 
fistula. At puer avidis oculis lustrat mensam et videt 
porculum. Raptim tenet praedam dextra, et frustra 
tentat fugam. At Clodius occupat fugitivum ; reciiperat 
praedam ; verberat baculo tergum niali servi. Inde 
Carolus maestus et ieiiinus dat poenas mali facti. 


1 6 QUESTION. 


QUESTION. 

§ 14. To turn a simple Statement into a 
Question, in English place the Nominative after 
its Verb. 

Statement, Vou are happy. 
Question, Are you happy ? 

. Sometimes Interrogative words are used as well. 

Why are you happy? 

In Latin Interrogative words are always used. 
The most common are — 

Num, expecting the answer No. 
Nonne, " " Yes, 

-ne, " " Yes or no, 

-nfi is usually joined to the first word in the sentence. 

^ Exorcise 10. 

Statement. Question. 

I. Equus non habet pennas. 2. Num equus habet pennSs ? 

3. Pueri amant poma. 4. IT5nne pueri amant poma t 

5. Medicus est aeger. 6. Bst-ne medicus aeger? 

7. Verberas canem. 8. Cilr verberas canem? 

In translating Questions into English, the Auxiliary 
Verb do is often used. 

Cflr laudfttlB puertim? 
Why do you praise the boy? 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 1/ 

Double Questions (J. e, two questions expecting 
one answer) must have two Interrogative words. 

Utram mihi ds^bis p5mum an me5 frfttrl? 
Will you give tne or my brother an apple ? 

§ 15. Prepositions when used in Latin govern 
the Accusative or Ablative Case. 

The following govern the Ablative Case — 

A, ab, absque, c5ram, dfi, 
Palam, clam, cum, ez, and 6, 
Pr5, prae, tonus, and sine, 
Sometimes in, sub, super, subter. 

All the others govern the Accusative Case. 

Cum is joined to the end of the Personal, Reflexive, 
and Relative Pronouns. 

M6-cum, vdbb-cum, quibus-cum, etc. 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

The following tqn stories require a knowledge 
of— 

{a) Declensions I. 11. III. Nouns. 

(b) Present ^x ,. . . . ^ , ,,,,.* 

' ^ / Indicative Active of the Third 

Imperfect > , x^ , ^ . 

^ ^^. , \ and Fourth Conjugations.. 

Future Simple ) 4 ^ • 


1 8 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

11. THE YOUNG DOCTOR. 

Medicus quondam, fessus longo labore, petebat breve 
otium apud rusticam villam amlcT. Interea commitlebat 
filio curam clientium. luvenis, superbus labore, ita 
narrat fortunam ioc6s5 comitl. " Pater commlttit mihi 
suos clientes." "At," respondet amicus, " ubi pater 
repetit urbem, ex clientibus quot super-erunt ? " 

12. THE SPORTING DOCTOR. 

-Hmon medicus, vir benignus, sed omnino ignarus suae 
artis, intellegebat nee causas nee remedia morborum. 
Itaque clientes plerumque discedebant e vita. Timon 
erat venator, sedulus quidem sed imperitus. Habebat 
multos canes et equos, sed praecipue amabat iacula sagit- 
tasque. Quondam, dum parat tela ante portam aedium, 
occurrit amicus. "O medice," inquit, "hodie saltern 
occides nihil." 

13. ORCHARD ROBBING. 

In Hispania olim vivebat Nero, puer improbus. Forte 
erat vTcino in horto magna arbor, maturis pomis onusta. 
Ubi puer videt arborem, magna cupido praedae occupat 
animum. " Num dominus me videbit?" inquit avidus 
puer. "Cur n5n statim ascend5 arborem?" Itaque 
sine mora prehendit ramum, et trahit se in arborem. lam 
sedet inter poma; iam dextra tenet gratas fruges. At 
subito audit raucum clamorem. Ecce videt sub arbore 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 1 9 

magnum saevumque canem. Nero frustra se celat, nam 
canis sentit furem, implet-que agr5s rauc5 clamdre. 
Denique iacet sub arbore exspectat-que puerum. 

14. ORCHARD ROBBING {ConHnued), 

Diu puer inanet in alta sede. Interea volvit in animo 
multa et oohda consilia. " Nonne saevus custos mox 
dormiet? Nonne caligd noctis Kberabit me?" Denique, 
quod canis n5n relinquit praesidium, desperat de saliite. 
At fortiina|iuvat captivum. Niger taurus intrat agrum. 
Statim videt canem, et torva fronte petit antiquum inimi- 
cum. \ Nee canis recusal pugnam, sed saevis dentibus 
tentat mode tergum, modo frontem, tauri. Tum puer 
n5n praetermittit occasi5nem, at desilit ex arbore, petit- 
que fugam. Adversarii nee sentiunt fugam, nee relin- 
quunt piignam. Itaque Ner5 tiitus a tant5 periculo agit 
gratias (& pro salute. 

15. LADY GODIVA. 

Gyges, magnus et superbus princeps, graviter vexabat 
ineolas parvT oppidi, finitimi suis aedibus. Aliquand5 
postulabat a elvibus tribiitum deeem talentorum. Qv€s 
igitur multis laerimls communicant dolorem cum Godiva, 
ux5re Gygis. Inde Godiva, prae misericordia, petit 
veniam a eoniuge, atque impetrat, sed diiris condieionibus. 
Diu haesitat ; tandem amor vineit pudorem, nee reeusat 
eondieiones. Oppidani elaudunt portas et fenestras, dis- 
cedunt-que c vicis. Tum Godiva detrahit vestem; 


20 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

ascendit equum ; nuda equitat per vicos ; habet-que 
praemium. GratI elves hodie servant memoriam Godivae 
magna ciira. 

16. FAITHFUL CALEB. 

Timon vir erat gener5sus sed egenus. Habitabat in 
aedibus magnis sed obsoletis, et saepe tolerabat inopiam 
cibi. Calebus, servus domesticus, multum amabat Tlmo- 
nem, et celabat diligenter paupertatem domini. Ali- 
quando multi viat5res petebant hospitium a Timone. Vir 
benlgnus libenter aperit portas aedium. Ubi hora cenae 
adest, quod habebat nullum cibum, Calebus paulum hae- 
ret. Viclnus forte celebrabat epulas; subit5 Calebus 
currit ad locum et magna voce, "Aedes ardent," ex- 
clamat. ConvTvae erumpunt hue illuc. At Calebus sine 
mora abstrahit a mensa nitidum anserem, apponit-que 
viatoribus epulas magnificas. 

17. LITTLE JOHNNY HEAD-IN-AIR. 

Johannes, filius parci mercatoris, puer erat ineptus. 
Saepe per agros ambulabat, et semper tollebat ocul5s ad 
caelum, nee observabat humum ante pedes. Amici igitur 
appellabant puerum " lohannem aerium." Johannes 5lim 
more suo ambulabat. S51 alma luce fulgebat ; hirundines 
volitabant; aves cantabant. Puer more suo observat 
caelum. Eheu non videt stagnum ante pedes. Subitd 
magno frag5re in aquam decidit. At piscator non longe 
abest, et currit ad locum. Sine mora hamo captat vestem 
Johannis, trahit-que ad terram puerum adhuc vivum. 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 21 

18. JUDGE GASCOYNE. 

Henricus IV., rex Britannorum, habebat pigrum pro- 
digum-que filium ; nam iuvenis nimium amabat malos 
comites. Forte cives accusant furti, Gaium, amicum 
principis, coram iudice. Princeps properat ad locum, et 
diris minis postulat veniara delicti. At iudex, strenuus 
vir, negatveniam. Princeps igitur stringit gladium. Turn 
iudex vincit catenis superbum iuvenem. Post mortem 
patris iuvenis Henricus, iam rex, dat digna praeraia iudici, 
habet-que in numero amicorum. 

19. ALFRED AND THE CAKES. 

Alfredus, rex Britann5rum, saepe pugnabat cum Danis. 
Primum Dani vincebant regias copias, et rex, exsul, petit 
hospitium ab incolls parvae casae. Incolae Inscil figurae 
regis, benlgne praebent hospiti exiguam cenam durum- 
que lectum. Postridie pergunt ad laborem. Agricola 
pascit oves ; uxor verrit aedes ; rex incendit Ignem, torret- 
que liba. Mox tamen, quod anxius multis curis Alfredus 
praetermittit laborem, flammae adurunt llba. At uxor 
agricolae, ubi factum videt, plena Ira increpat pigrum 
hospitem, et verberat dextra regias aures. Sed rex tolerat 
patienter poenam. 

20. SIR WALTER RALEIGH. 

Elisabetha, regina Brittanorum, semper gerebat vestes 
splendidas et pretiosas. Forte cum magna caterva comi- 


22 ORDER. 


turn ambulabat per vicos urbis. Subito videt ante pedes 
multum lutum. Reglna stat incerta, quod timet iQbricam 
viam. At iuvenis exsilit ex turba ; umeris detrahit novum 
pallium et vestimento tegit locum; tum iterum recuirit 
ad socids. Regina laeta super pallium ambulat nee 
maculat pedem. Statim grata adscribit iuvenem in 
numerum amlcorum. 


ORDER. 

§ 1 6. English, having so few Case-endings, is 
tied down to a particular Order of words. 

The man swallowed the fish 

is different from 
The fish swallowed the man. 

Latin has much more freedom. 

Hom5 d6vor&vit piscem, 
Piscem hom5 d6vor&vit, 
Piscem d6vor&vit hom5, 
D6vor&vit piscem hom5, 

all mean, " The man swallowed the fish." 
While — 

Piscis d6vor&vlt hominem, 
Hominem piscis dSvor&vit, etc. 

all mean, " The fish swallowed the man." 


PARTITIVE GENITIVE. 23 

Thus the beginner must not be surprised to 
find — 

( 1 ) The Accusative before the Verb ; 

(2) The Nominative after the Verb; 

(3) The Adjective after its Noun. 

Rule 6. In translating do not always take the 
words in the order in which they come, but look 
first for the Verb; it always points to, if it does 
not include, the Nominative. Above all, do not 
take the Accusative before the Verb. 


PARTITIVE GENITIVE. 

§ 17. Rule?. The name of a Whole, of which 
a Part is taken, is put in the Genitive Case. 

Multl Romknoram, 
Many of the Romans. 

Especially after Neuter words. 

Nihil a.Tgenti, no money. 

Tantum nrnxuxkOTXim., so much money. 

GENITIVE WITH ADJECTIVES. 

Some Adjectives take a Genitive to complete 
their meaning. 

P16nus ixa,e, full of anger. 


24 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

The following ten stories require a knowledge 
of— 

{a) Declension III., IV., V. Nouns. 
(Jb) Adjectives. 

, . ^ ,. ( Active of the First and Second 

{c) Indicative I 

< Conjugations, and the same of 
Imperative i , ° , 

^ V the Verb Sum. 


21. TOO CLEVER BY HALF, 

Roscius, praeclarus iurisconsultus, piiblicos ludos quon- 
dam spectabat. Subito vir rusticus occurrit. " Da mibi," 
inquit, " responsum, o praeclare Rosci ; canis divitis vlclni 
meum agrum intravit, necavit-que tres pull5s. Quantam 
tu multam domino canis imp5nis?" " Quattuor asses," 
respondit R5scius. " Da mihi igitur asses," vir inquit, 
*• tuus enim canis erat reus." " Res aequa est," iterum 
respondit Roscius, " et libenter tibi quattuor asses dabo. 
At til primum numera mihi quinque asses, nunquam enim 
iurisconsulti sine mercede dant responsa." 

22. THE YOUNG SHAVER. 

Glaucus, puer Corinthius, adult5rum hominum mores 
semper induebat; nam togam virilem volgo gerebat et 
saepe tondebat moUes genas. Quondam intravit tabemam 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 25 

praeclari tons5ris, et magna voce " Tonde," inquit, 
"meam barbam sine mora." Tonsor, vir iocosus, parat 
aquam ; obducit mentum iuvenis spuma alba ; cultrum 
acuit ; postrem5 vadit ad portam, habet-que sermonem 
cum amicis. Primo Glaucus rem patienter tolerabat; 
tandem non continet iram, sed causam raorae postulavit. 
" At," respondit tonsor, " tuam barbam exspect5." 

23. THE GREEN CHEESE, 

Boe5tius viator 5lim una cum Corinthio et Atheniensi 
noctu ambulabat. Mox comites ad rapidum flumen 
veniunt. Forte altus pons iungebat flumen. Viatores 
ascendunt pontem, et in aqua sub pedibus imaginem 
lunae vident. " Ecce," inquit Boeotius, "pulcher cSseus 
in aqua iacet. Cur nos non praemium deportamus?" 
Sine mora Boeotius manibus pontem tenet, et suspendit 
corpus super aquam. Deinde Corinthius prehendit crura 
amicL Atheniensis habet tertium locum et pedibus prae- 
mium captat. Tum exclamat Boeotius, "Vos tenete 
flrraiter mea crura, nam manus durum Kgnum terit." 
Simul laxat maniis, et omnes in aquam decidunt. 

24. LOGIC! 

Rusticus olim, nomine Gellius, vir dives sed indoctus, 
mittit filium ad liidum Zenonis, praeclari philosophi. Post 
aliquot annos filius repetit paternum tectum, et parentes 
sua sapientia delectat ; nam omnes ingenio et sermdne 


26 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 


superabat. Mox tamen iuvenis disputat cum patre de 
cultu arvorum ; tandem iratus, baculo caput et umeros 
senis verberat. "O scelerate," exclamat Gellius, '" num 
verberas patrem?" "Equidem," respondit iuvenis, "et 
recte : nonne tu me parvum puerum verberabas?" "At 
invitus verberabam te, et pro tua utilitate." "Et ego 
hodie verberd te pro tua utilitate, et invitus." 

25. WAT TYLER. 

Ricardus, adhiic iuvenis, succedit regn5 Britannorum. 
Mox erat gravis seditio plebis. Vir rusticus, nomine Fi- 
gulus, seditiosam turbam ducebat. lam-que ingens caterva 
intraverat urbem Londinium, et omnia spoliabat. Inde 
dum elves claudunt tabernas et fugam ten tan t, subito rex 
iuvenis cum paucis equitibus adest. Figulus autem pre- 
hendit equi regis habenas. Sine mora magister equitum 
stringit gladium occidit-que hominem audacem. Statim 
omnes sumunt arma, tendunt-que arcus. Rex autem 
procedit in medium. " Comites," inquit, " hie iacet 
vester dux, nee unquam resurget. Deponite tela; ego 
posthac ero v5bTs dux." 

26. THE MISER'S SHOES. 

Senex, nomine Abulus, dives sed avarus antiquas sor- 
didas-que vestes gerebat. Omnes cives cognoscebant 
pannosds avari calceos. Olim senex lavabat membra 
apud publicas thermas. Forte vir iocosus locum intra- 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 2^ 

verat. Ubi videt vestimenta Abuli, sine mora mutat 
calceds senis a van cum purpureis soleis c5nsulis. (Nam 
consul ibidem forte se lavabat.) Mox Abulus ex aqua 
emergit. Nescius fraudis, dis agit gratias pro tanto 
miraculo, et cum purpureis soleis discedit. At ubi con- 
sul sentit furtum et cogndscit calce5s Abuli, vix continet 
iram. Denique invitus foedos calce5s induit. 

27. THE MISER'S SHOES (ConHnued). 

Postridie lict5res trahunt Abulura apud consulem, at- 
que hominem furti accusant. Infelix Abulus multis cum 
lacrimis veniam imprtidentis facti orat, at frustra. Nam 
c5nsul aspera voce, " Deliga," inquit, " lictor, ad palum 
malum furem ; verbera tergum saevis virgis." Lictores 
haud inviti siimunt poenam, calceos-que Abulo reddunt. 
Abulus vix trahit miserum corpus ad fliimen, (magnum 
flumen non procul aberat). Tum exclamat, " Nunquam 
iterum infelices calcei dominum perdetis." Inde aquae 
calceos committit. 

28. THE DAINTY BO Y. 

Augustus puer erat pinguis et nitidus ; parentes cum 
gaudio videbant roseas genas puen. Olim sua niitrix 
iucundam cenam paraverat ; . caput cenae erat ids bo- 
num. At puer ius abnuit et optat 5va. Tanto fas- 
tidio irata niitrix cibum amovet, puerum-que ad lectum 
ieiunum dimittit. Postridie iiis est iterum caput cenae ; 
at puer, etsi valde esuriebat, iterum recusavit. lam-que 


28 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

fames corpus August! consumebat, tamen in su5 con- 
sili5 manebat puer; et haud ita inult5 post migravit 
de vita. 

29. CRUEL FREDERICK. 

Fredericus, puer crudelis, non amavit animalia ; saepe 
divellebat alas muscarum et corpora forniicarum acubus 
transfigebat. Aliquando vexabat Traianum, suum canem, 
saxis et verberibus. Saepe pater Fredericura ita monuit : 
"Cave canem, nonne denies habet acutos?" At puer 
verba patris neglegit et manu caudam miseri canis tor- 
quet. Diu Traianus rem patienter tolerat. Tandem ira- 
tus mordet dextram pueri. Fredericus multis cum lac- 
rimis patrem petit. " Cur tandem," inquit pater, " meum 
consilium neglegebas ? " 

30. FOLLOW THE LEADER. 

Pastor, nomine Panurgius, multas oves habebat; at 
dives vicinus viginti ex numer5 subducit. Pastor ad 
iOdicem properat, furem-que accusat. Sed iiidex, vir 
inhonestus, prae tim5re divitis viri preces pastoris sper- 
nit. Tum pastor humiliter accedit ad fiirem : " Retine," 
inquit, " oves, da mihi tamen arietem, ducem gregis." 
Flir, incautus, arietem dat. lam pastor toUit animal in 
umeros et discedit. At oves audiunt v5cem ducis, et 
iiniversae notum ovile sui domini petunt. 


DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 29 


DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 

§ 18. Demonstrative Pronouns are used to 
point out or distinguish some Person or Thing. 

They are either Substantival — used instead of 
a Noun; or Adjectival — used with a Noun. 

The most common are, Is, hlc, ille» Idem, ipse. 


1. Vid6s-ne enm ? Do you see him ? 

2. Vid6s-ne eum leSnem? Do you see that lion? 

3. Is Ie5, quern vid^s, est ) The lion, which you see^ 

fulvus. ) is tawny, 

4. Vid6s-ne eius caudam? Do you see his tail? 

5. Hoc & t6 pet5. / ask you this favor, 

, _ ^,, ) Demostheties the famous 

6. D6mosthen6s Ule 5r&tor. v 

\ orator. 

7. Hie erat taciturnus, ille\ The latter was silent, the 

loquu. ) former talkative, 

8. Ipse vfinit. He came himself 

^_ , ) You do everything in 

0. Eodem inod5 omnia agis. r 

) the same way, 

STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

The following ten stories require a knowledge 
of — 

(a) Demonstrative Pronouns. 

{V) Indicative | Active of the Third and Fourth Con- 
Imperative I jugations. 


30 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

■- - - * I - I I I 

31. THE VULTURE'S NEST 

Voltur 5lim finxerat nidum in alta et praerupta rupe. 
Hie diu impune teneros pullos alebat. Saepe iuvenes 
descensum ad nidum tentaverant, at frustra, quia prae- 
ceps scopulus imminebat, et liibrica saxa vestigia falle- 
bant. Tandem senex iuvenes his verbis deridet : " Ciir, 
ignavi, periculum timetis ? ecce ! mea parva filia ad locum 
descendet." Iuvenes etsi rem vix credunt, tamen man- 
data eius peragunt. Magna quercus impendebat sco- 
pulo; huic fiinem aptant et omnia parant 

32. THE VULTURE'S NEST (Continued), 

lam senex tenero corpori virginis funem caute aptat. 
Tum sex validi iuvenes eam ex alta riipe demlttunt. 
Omnes tacit! eventum exspectant; at ilia secura aerium 
iter pergit, et magno conto defendit aciitos scopulds. 
lam pervenit ad nidum, et dextra parvum volturem tenet. 
Statim dat signum reditiis. At pater voltur audit vocem 
prolis, et magno clangore puellam petit. Ilia tamen, etsi 
saevi alitis ungues ten eras maniis dilacerant, cultro se 
defendit, nee praedam demittit. lam iuvenes vident 
periculum puellae, ingeminant-que lab5rem. Mox laetus 
pater audacem filiam amplexii tenet. 

33. THE STANDARD. 

Ricardus, rex Britannorum, olim cum Solimano bellum 
gerebat. Mult5s equites diversarum gentium, soci5s ad- 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 3 1 

iutores-que belli, habebat. Hi fortis regis timebant vir- 
tutem, sed superbiam parum amabant. Forte rex suum 
signum in alto et Tnsigni loc5 constituerat. Id movebat 
iram sociorum et noctu signum divellunt. Rex igitur, 
ubi rep5nit signum, deligit custodem loci equitem no- 
mine Cennetum. Nee ille tantum honorem reciisat, at 
laetus arma induit. Inde, etsi ipse haudquaquam hostem 
timebat, canem fidelem vigiliae comitem advocavit. 

34. THE STANDARD (Continued), 

Nox erat et luna sereno fulgebat caelo. Diu et vigi- 
lanter Cennetus locum custodiebat. At subito canis 
latratum edit. lam ipse audit lenem sonitum. Statim 
stringit gladium. At vox nota, " Dep5ne,'* inquit, " te- 
lum ; Cloelia, tua sp5nsa, baud procul ab h5c loco te 
exspectat ; veni igitur mecum celeriter." Stultus eques, 
fidei immemor, stati5nem deserit ; relinquit tamen canem 
custodem loci. Dum abest, clang5rem armorum audit, 
deinde gemitum. Dolore furens recurrit ad locum. 
Eheu ! signum abest, et fidelis custos moribundus facet. 

35. THE STANDARD (ConHnued), 

Pauc5s post dies Ricardus c5pias sociorum recensebat. 
Dum ipse regio solio sedet, principes equites-que cum 
multis millibus militum ante oculos regis incedebant. 
Haud procul ab e5 loc5 stabat Cennetus cum cane fideli 
(is enim vires corporis recuperaverat) . lam duces sin- 
gillatim regem saliitabant. Subito canis cum saevo la- 


32 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

tratu equitem, auro et ostr5 insignem, ex equo in pul- 
verem deturbat. Comites cum claradre occurrunt. At 
rex, " C5nsistite," inquit, " amici ; iusta est poena, hie 
enim meum signum viola vit." 

36. THE FAITHFUL HOUND. 

Cambricus 5lim, acer venator, fidelem habebat canem, 
ndmine Gelertum. Dum ipse in silvis abest, canem 
saepe relinquebat parvi fill cust5dem. Aliquando m5re 
su5 Gelertus dominum reducem cum laet5 clam5re salu- 
tabat. At subito dominus pectus eius et dentes sanguine 
cruent5s notat ; perterritus cunas parvi fill petite Eheu 
puerum non videt, sed undique cruorem, foedi certa- 
minis indicium. Statim caeco fur5re canem, mall auc- 
t5rem, iacul5 transfigit. Gelertus cum gemitu exspirat. 
Simul dominus in recessii aedium infantem videt, salvum 
atque incolumem. Sed baud procul ab eo loc5 iacebat 
ingens lupus. Fidelis enim custos vitam infantis ita 
servaverat. 

37. THE GOSSIP. 

Erat Timoni uxor garrula. Haec aliquando apud 
feminam vicinam cenabat. Diii Timon ux5rem suam 
frustra exspectaverat. Tandem iratus aedium portam 
obserat, et petit cubile. Mox tamen uxor redux 5stium 
vehementer pulsat. " Aperi celeriter portam," exclamat 
ilia, "nonne uxoris tuae vocem audis?" "Minime," 
respondit ex cubili dominus ; " tu non mea uxor es, nee 
vocem tuam cognosce ; mea enim uxor iam mecum 
eubat." 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 33 

38. THE GOSSIP {Continued). 

Diu femina preces producebat, sed frustra; tandem 
dolum parabat. " Nisi tii," inquit, '* portam aperies, ego 
in hoc fliimen desiliam.'* Simul in aquam magnum 
lapidem devolvit, et sese non procul abdit Vir sonitii 
territus ostium aperit, properat-que ad ripam. Protinus 
irrumpit in aedes uxor, obserat-que portam. Frustra vir 
infelix ostium pulsat ; " Discede," inquit uxor, " tu enim, 
ut ipse dixisti, n5n es mens coniux." 

39. THE SIEGE OF CALAIS. 

Edvardus 5lim, rex Britannorum, urbem Gallicam 
oppiignabat. Diii incolae c5piarum regis impetum magna 
cum virtute sustinuerant. Tandem, ubi nihil cibi super- 
erat, miseri-que cives mures et pelles edebant, cum rege 
de dediti5ne agebant. At rex, propter tantam hostium 
pertinaciam iratus, saevas condiciones pacis iraponit, 
mortem-que duodecim principum postulat. Sine mora 
duodecim viri se pro patria devovent. Inde comites 
maesti funibus coUa amicdrum vinciunt, eos-que ad 
regem dticunt 

40. THE SIEGE OF CALAIS {Continued). 

Rex inter nobiles in praetorio sedebat. lam-que 
maesta turba civium captivos ad locum diicit, omnes-que 
mulGs cum precibus ad pedes victoris cadunt. At rex 

3 


34 COMPARISON. 


duras preces coram spemit avertit-que voltum. Forte 
regina rem cognoscit; statim ad praetorium properat, 
suas-que lacrimas cum precibus civium iungit. "Da 
mihi, rex magne," inquit, "vitas h5mm fortium viroram ; 
nonne hi recte suam patriam defendemnt?" Rex primo 
preces non audit, tandem lacrimae uxoris iram vincunt, 
poenam-que captivis remittit. 

COMPARISON. 

§ 19. (i) When two Things are compared they 
are put into the same Case and coupled by quam. 

Am5 te magiB quam earn. 
/ /ove you more than him, 

(2) If the first is either in the NOMINATIVE 
or Accusative, the second may be put into the 
Ablative, leaving out the quam. 

lalia, sotoTe pulchrior est. 
Julia is more beautiful than her sister. 

The Comparative can often be translated by too, 
rather^ comparatively, etc. 

Tardins ambul&vit 
He walked rather slowly. 

Longins a n&vi err&vit. 

He wandered too far from the ship. 


\ 


TIME. 35 


TIME. 


§ 20. (i) The Time DURING WHICH an Action 
lasts is put into the Accusative, sometimes with 
the Preposition per. 

To tarn hiemem in urbe manebat. 

Ife remained in the city during the whole of the winter. 

If the Sentence is Negative the Ablative is used. 

TOth hieme lupum non vXdL 

/ have not seen a wolf all the winter^ 

(2) The Time WHEN or WITHIN WHICH an 
Action is done is put into the Ablative without 
a Preposition. 

Media hieme ab nrbe diBcSBsit 

He went away from the city in the middle of winter. 

Observe the phrases — 

Mult30 post annul. Many years aftenvards. 

Aliquot post menses. Several months afterwards. 

Hand ita multo post. Not long after. 

Ante annnm. A year before. 


36 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

The following ten stories require a knowledge 
of— 

{a) Comparison of Adjectives (Regular and in -er). 
{b) Numeral and Pronominal Adjectives. 
{c) Indicative ) Active of Verbs in -io, Third Con- 
Imperative i jugation. 


41. THE BABES IN THE WOOD. 

Duo olim erant fratres, Verres et Timon. H5rum 
alterum gravis corripuerat morbus. Hic iam moribun- 
dus fratrem ad lectum vocavit, ei-que curam parv5rum 
liberorum mandavit. lUe multis cum lacrimis mandatum 
accipit, fidem-que unum annum integram servat. Se- 
cundo tamen anno, quod liberi erant agris nummis-que 
divitissimi, patruus, auri avidus, insidias nep5tibus strue- 
bat. Itaque duos latrones ad sese appellat. "Inter- 
ficite," inquit, " clam hos infantes ; v5bis magnum 
pondus argenti, pretium caedis, dabd." 

42. THE BABES IN THE WOOD {Continued). 

Postridie Timon mala fraude nepdtes ad se advocat. 
" Hodie," inquit, " vicinae urbis incolae ferias agunt ; 
hi igitur ex meis servis fidelissimi, deliciarum causa et 
voluptatis, vos ad locum diicent" Simul manQ duo 
latr5nes ostendit. Liberi magnd cum gaudid discedunt, 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 37 

et iam animo mille laetitias praecipiunt. Mox autem 
viatores ad densam silvam, locum ad caedem aptissimum, 
veniunt. Forte unus ex latrdnibus alterd erat mollior. 
Huius pectus grata v5x liberorum leniverat. Hie igitur, 
ubi ad locum veniunt, non modo factum abnuit, sed 
etiam sua manu comitem crudeliorem interfecit. 

43. THE BABES IN THE WOOD {ConHnued). 

Liberi gladils et cruore perterriti lacrimas effundunt. 
Victor tamen timorem mulcet, eos-que in densiorem 
silvam ducit. "Hie," inquit, '"'manete, dum ipse ab- 
sum ; mox v5bis placentas lactis-que copiam reportabo." 
Simul a loco discedit. IJnam horam liberi sine timore 
flores silvestres undique carpebant. Mox quod fames 
corpora premebat reditum latronis misere cupiebant. 
Friistra tamen hue illiic currunt, et omne nemus maesto 
clamdre implent, nemo enim questus eorum audit. 
Tandem fessi cursu, et fame languidi sese sub arbore 
deiciunt. Mors benlgna celeriter finit labores, nee de- 
erat honor sepulcri, parvae enim aves corpora frondibus 
teneris texerunt 

44. THE RATS IN THE BARN 

Erat olim in Germania mala fames, messis enim e5 
ann5 niilla fuerat. Magna igitur turba civium cotidie a 
principe panem vehementer petebat. Tandem precibus 
eorum fessus, princeps crudelis omnes in horreum ingens 
vana spe cibi indilxit Mox ubi horreum plenum fuit 


38 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

fiammas tecto admovit, et omnes ad unum delevit. Inde 
dum clam5ribus miserrimis et caelum et terra resonant, 
" Audite/* inquit, " murium stridorem." Vix ea c^erat, 
cum vocem magnam comites audiunt. " At miser, 
paucis post diebus, iidem mures tuum corpus devora- 
bunt" 

45. THE RATS IN THE BARN (ConHnued), 

In medio Rheno forte e5 tempore stabat turris altis- 
sima; hue princeps, dira voce perterritus, fugit; nihil 
enim aqua tutius habet. Hie iinum diem manebat tiitus, 
et alterum ; tertia tamen nocte cust5des mille pedum 
crepitum audiunt. Mox ubi s5l noctis umbras fugavit, 
immane portentum vident. Utramque enim ripam flii- 
minis innumerabilis miirium multitiido complet. lam 
mures in aquam desiliunt, turrim-que petunt. Friistra 
princeps portas fenestras-que obserat ; hi enim scandunt 
muros, illi acutis dentibus ligneas portas rodunt. Passim 
in aedes irrumpunt, et iiniversi in principem impetum 
faciunt Friistra is deos invocat iratos, sescenti enim 
hostes ex ossibus cutem divellunt, et criidelis facti terri- 
bilem poenam sumunt. 

46. THE PIPER'S REVENGE. 

Hamelinam, urbem pulcherrimam, vexabat olim dira 
pestis ; murium enim innumerabilis multitude n5n modo 
omnia devorabat, sed etiam infantes, dum iacent in 
ciinis, oppugnabat. Incolae omnia consilia friistra ten- 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 39 

taverantj denique magnum pondus argenti proponunt 
totius generis exit! pretium. Hoc ipso tempore vir, 
picta veste insignis, intravit urbem, laborem-que suscipit. 
Statim magna caterva eum ad forum deducit. • Hue ubi 
pervenit advena, ex sinu tibiam parvani detrahit, paucos- 
que mod5s fingit. Vix id carmen cessaverat, ubi mirum 
prodigium evenit, undique enim ad sonum ingenti tu- 
multii mures concurrunt. Primo consistunt, deinde om- 
nes, albi, nigri, senes, iuvenes ad mod5s tibiae saltant 
Postrem5 iino impetii in fliimen e conspectii desiliunt. 

47. THE PIPER'S REVENGE {Continued). 

Primo Gives rem vix credunt ; deinde laetitiae ingenti 
se dedunt lam-que tibicen sui laboris praemium pos- 
tulat. At cives, iam periculi expertes, (idem ingrati vio- 
lant, et magnam partem argenti retinent. Itaque iratus 
iterum tibiam corripit, alterum-que carmen priore pul- 
chrius fundit. Protinus ex omnibus domibus magna 
puerorum virginum-que caterva virum cingit. Inde tibi- 
cen, dum ill! chores laetissimos agunt, omnes ad propm- 
quum montem dediicit. Tum miseri parentis rem terri- 
bilem vident ; nam ipse dehiscit mons et immenso hiatu 
totam manum accipit 

48. CAUGHT BY THE TIDE. 

Caniitius, Icenorum rex, longe sapientior erat aliis 
regibus. Hiiius olim opes et auctoritatem iinus ex as- 


40 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

sentatoribus hoc modo laudabat. " Nonne," inquit, 
" rex magne, et mare vastum et celeres venti tua mandata 
peragunt?" Rex nihil respondit, sed postero die, iussu 
eius, servi ad litus maritimum soHum deducunt. In hoc 
assentatorem locat, et ipse in rupe stat propinqua. Forte 
aestus ex alto se iiicitabat. Turn rex, "Recurre," in- 
quit, " mare superbum ; nonne tu meus servus es ? Cur 
igitur tui fluctus audaces meum solium ita violant?'* 
Fluctus tamen surdi mandata regia non audiebant, sed 
se in ipsum solium illidunt. Turn rex, " Nemo nisi Deus 
imperium maris tenet." 


49. ROLLO AND THE TWO STICKS. 

Apud Graecos script5res hoc invenimus de RoUone, 
cane callidissimo. Magister, dum ipse ambulat, semper 
cani comiti scipionem suum auratum committebat. 
Hunc Rollo superbo ore per vicos gerebat. Aliquando 
magister pro scipione aurat5 baculum sumit ligneum, 
altero turpius. Hoc more suo can! committit. At 
Rollo, propter tantum dedecus Iratus, diu labdrem re- 
cusat. Tandem ubi magister baculum inter dentes in- 
seruit, canis e conspectu subito fugit ; brevi tamen ad 
magistrum sine baculo recurrit. Tres inde menses ma- 
gister friistra baculum quaerebat; quarto tamen mense 
dum servi firrium ex stabulis in agros transportant, bacu- 
lum sub ingenti fimi acervo inveniunt. 


THE RELATIVE. 4 1 

50. BURIED ALIVE, 

De eodem Roll5ne aliud et mirabilius invenimus. 
Magnus anatum grex in lacu finitimo natabat. Harum 
unam canis mir5 amore fovebat. Saepe iussu magistri 
banc su5 ore etiani ab ulteriore margine lacus ad pedes 
eius reportabat. Ea quidem res erat gratior cani et 
domind quam anati; haec igitur pennis pedibus-que 
canis impetum semper fugiebat. Tandem Rollo, tali 
pervicacia defessus, solum in hortd efiodit anatem-que 
vivam sepelivit, sive ludibrio, seu (ut magister credidit) 
quod eum locum magis id5neum putavit. 


THE RELATIVE. 

§ 21. (i) The Relative is used to avoid re- 
peating a word (called its Antecedent) already 
used once. 

Vide5 mflrum, graem Balboa aedificftvit 
/ see the wall, which Balbus built. 

If there were no Relative we should have to 
say, 

Vide5 xnflnMn, et Balbus eum mflrum aedificftvit. 
/ see the wall, and Balbus built that wall. 

Thus it has also the force of a Conjunction, and 
serves to connect Sentences. 


42 THE RELATIVE. 


Eule 8. The Relative agrees with its Ante- 
cedent in Gender, Number, and Person. 

1. N5b, qui fortfis sumiiB, ptlgnftbimus. 

2. TtL, quae parva es puella, nfltrlcem amfis. 

Bnle 9. The Relative is not necessarily in 
the same Case as its Antecedent, but in the Case 
in which its Antecedent would be if repeated. 

Exercise II. 

1. Habes asinum, qui (asinus) est lab5ris patiens. 

2. Equus, quem (^^«//w) habemus, est celer. 

3. Virum, cuius {viri) filius es, amamus. 

4. Hie est puer, cut (puero) poma dedimus. 

5. Hasta, qua (hasta) hostem occidisti, erat acris. 

(2) A Sentence containing a Relative word is 
often called an Adjectival Clause, because it 
qualifies a Noun like an Adjective. 

Est mihi mSnaa, quae est nigra. 
/ have a black table, 

A Relative Clause may be omitted without altering 
the construction of any other word in the sentence. 

(3) A Relative word is often omitted in Eng- 
lish, but never in Latin. 

Where is the table I saw yesterday ? 
Ubi est ea mensa, quam herl vidl? 


ACTIVE AND PASSIVE. 43 

(4) The Relative always comes first in its own 
Clause (except after Prepositions), and generally 
next to the word it qualifies. 

Relative words are — 

Qui, qnftlis, quantus, 
Qa5| qnft, nndOi ubL 

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE. 

§ 22. The Verb has two VOICES — 

(i) Active, when you do something ; 

(2) Passive, when something is done to you. 

In turning a Sentence from an Active into a 
Passive form, 

Accusative becomes Nominative, 
Nominative becomes Ablative. 

All other Cases remain unchanged. 

Exercise 12. 

Anseres Manlium e somno excitaverunt 
MSnlius e somn5 anseribus excitatus est, 
Puer necabit lupum. 
Lupus necdbitur a puero. 
Ctves militibus cibum dabant. 
Cibus militibus a civibus dabatur, 
Caesar civitati ducentos imperat obsides. 
Ducenti obsides civitati imperantur a Caesare, 


I. 


2. 


44 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

(i) If the doer of the act is a Person ^ the Preposition 
a or ab is used with the Ablative. It is then called the 
Ablative of the Agent. 

(2) Transitive Verbs become Intransitive in the Passive. 

Exercise 13. 

1. Centaurus sagittH ab Hercule volneratus est. 

2. Hercules sagittas veneno tinxit 

3. Via montibus altissimis continebatur. 

4. Praemium victor! debetur. 

5. Quisque sibi argentum vindicat. 

6. Scopulis afflictabitur navis. 

7. Nunquam mihi hoc persuadebitur. 

8. lis nihil cibi supererat. 

STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

The following ten stories require a knowledge 

of— 

(a) Relative Pronoun. 

iji) Passive of Conjugations I. and II. 

[Hereafter, long vowels are, as a rule, marked only in new 
words, and in words likely to be mispronounced.] 

51. A RIDE ON THE CENTAUR'S BACK, 

Centauri, qui in montibus Thessaliae habitabant, caput 
manus-que humanas, equlnum tamen corpus habebant. 
Hercules olim, per has regiones cum uxore Deianira, 
quam nuper duxerat, iter faciebat. Mox ad ripas alti 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 45 

rapidi-que fluminis viatores perveniunt, frustra-que va- 
dum petunt. Subito occurrit centaurus quidam, nomine 
Nessus. "Multae," inquit, "antea trans hoc flumen a 
me transportatae sunt. Te quoque, o pulcherrima Deia- 
nira, si cupis, lato meo tergo libenter transportabo ; " 
simul puellam baud invitam suscipit; deinde perfidus 
magna celeritate in montes fugit. 

62. A RIDE ON THE CENTAUF^S BACK (Continued). 

Hercules autem, quem fraus centauri non fallebat, 
arcum rapuit, et una ex iis sagittis, quas ipse sanguine 
Hydrae tinxerat, fugitlvum vobieravit. At moribundus 
puellae cdnsilium hoc iniquissimum dat Nessus ; " Ac- 
cipe/* inquit, " banc tunicam, quam meus sanguis tinxit ; 
haec tibi aliquando amorem coniugis restituet;*' His 
verbis centaurus occidit. 

Paucos post annos Hercules, Oechaliae victor, lolen 
captivam Deianira pulchriorem adamavit. Haec igitur 
verborum centauri baud immemor, tunicam fat^lem ad 
coniugem misit. Hanc Hercules incautus induit, et ipse 
necatur dura vi illius veneni, quo olim suas sagittas 
tinxerat. 

63. A WONDERFUL DREAM. 

Tres olim viatores a Gallia ad Italiam iter faciebant 
Via erat et longa et difficillima, quod undique montibus 
altissimis continebatur. Saepe magnam cibi inopiam 
viatores tolerabant ; tandem nihil illis super-erat nisi unus 
panis, baud ita grandis, quem omnes dfligentissime ser- 


46 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

vabant. Hunc sibi quisque vindicat Denique fessi 
somno se dant, panem-que proponunt somni insignis- 
simi praemium. Mane suum quisque comitibus som- 
nium narrat. Primus ex viatoribus sic incipit : " Mihi 
in somnio apparebat rapum ingentissimum ; vix id tre- 
centi viri ex agro trahebant Num vos aliquid hoc 
mirabilius videbatis? Mihi certe praemium debetur." 

54. A WONDERFUL DREAM (Continued). 

Tum secundus, "Somnium quidem mirum narravisti; 
mihi tamen aliquid mirabilius visum est. Nam vidi in 
somnio vas ingentissimum, quod vix quTngenti homines 
totius anni spatio paraverant. Facillime eo vase istud 
rapum continebatur. Nonne hoc somnium mirabilius 
illo iiidicatis?" At tertius, qui haec tacite audiverat, 
"Certe,*' inquit, " uterque vestrum rem mirabilem nar- 
ravit, panemque bene meruit. Mihi tamen aliquid 
mirum visum est. Nam in somno (ut videbatur) esurie- 
bam ; panem igitur devoravi." 

56. THE LIGHTHOUSE. 

In ea parte Britanniae, quae ad septentriones spectat, 
litus undique rupibus asperrimis continetur. Incolae 
igitur, quod ibi multae naves naufragium fecerunt, turrim 
altissimam, quae pharus appellatur, quadam in rupe 
aedificaverunt. Hanc turrim habitabant senex et filia 
eius parva, qui noctu semper incendebant lucemam, 
cuius lumen saepe nautas de periculo praemonebat. At 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 47 

nonnunquam vis tempestatis labores nautarum exsuperat, 
et navis infelix aut sub undis se mergit, aut scopulis 
crudelibus afflictatur. 

56. THE LIGHTHOUSE (ConHnued). 

Fuerunt olim multos dies continuae tempestates ; tan- 
dem dies tranquillus succedit. lam-que procul e turri 
custodes magnam aspiciunt navem, quae in scopulis hae- 
ret ; mox etiam paucos vident nautas, qui manibus signa 
dant, auxiliuni-que petunt Turn virgo anim5sa cum 
patre parvam scapham deducit, et remis velis-que navem 
ambo petunt. Undique ingentes fluctus surgebant, vix 
enim cessaverat procella; nuUo tamen periculo illi ter- 
rentur, sed e morte nautas eripiunt, omnes-que tiitos ad 
turrim reportant. 

57. IRISH STEW, 

In Hibernia erat olim magna fames, quae incolas 
earum regionum in diram inopiam redigebat ; multi 
etiam spe praedae ad latrones, qui silvas infestabant se 
iungebant. Forte tres latrones vesperi casam pauperis 
agricolae intraverunt, minis-que saevis cibum postula- 
bant. Is igitur, cui nihil cibi omnino supererat, diu 
haerebat; tandem callidum hoc consilium concipit. 
Ex area quadam detrahit pallium antiquissimum, quod 
et pater et avus diebus festis gerebant. Hoc ubi in 
friista cultro diviserat, aquam-que addiderat, more iuris 
coxit, dapes-que viris ieiunis apponit. Hi avide cibum 


48 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

devorant, agricolam-que laudant. At subito aliquid in 
faucibus unius ex latronibus haeret; ingenti tussi aera- 
tam fibulam respuit. "Quid est hoc?'* inquit. "Nem- 
pe," respondit agricola, *Md, quod solum superest de 
pallio egregio." 

58. THE SNOWSTORM. 

Past5ri cuidam duo erant filii, Brutus et Nero. Hie, 
puer acutus, a parentibus praecipue amabatur; ilium 
tamen, annis seniorem, omnes stultum existimabant. Hi 
olim cum cane suo aliquas petebant oves, quae per 
montes devios erraverant. Forte dum procul a casa 
paterna absunt, eos opprimit nox; simul nix crebra 
omnia operiebat, et spem reditus eripuit. Tandem 
fessi labore sub saxo ingenti sese proiciunt, mortem-que 
exspectant. Tum Brutus e coUo fratris taeniam, donum 
matris detrahit, eaque cervicem canis circumdat ; '* Age/' 
inquit, " patrem pete." 

69. THE SNOWSTORM (ConHnued). 

IntereS, quod pueri n5ndum revenerant, ingens solli- 
citiido pastoris animum agitabat. Subito latratum audit 
canis; portam aperit; videt canem, qui taeniam sui 
fili gerebat. Hanc ubi vir agnoscit sine mora facem 
accendit, et cum cane fideli, duce viae, tandem ad ip- 
sum pervenit scopulum, sub quo pueri iacebant. Hie 
vero triste spectaculum visum est; Nero enim, quem 
frater suo pallio texerat, placide dormiebat, at Brutus, 


DATIVE WITH ADJECTIVES. 49 

qui suum corpus hoc modo nudaverat, saevo gelu rige- 
bat; nam puer fortis, quern propter segnitiam omnes 
deridebant, vitam suam fratri condonaverat. 

60. A NOBLE ACTION. 

Philippus, eques Britannicus, alios equites fortitildine 
animi corporis-que viribus aequabat ; omnes tamen comi- 
tate et mansuetiidine superabat. Forte Britanni cum 
Hispanis bellum gerebant, atque equites utriusque ex- 
ercitiis fere cotidianis pugnis vires exercebant. Ali- 
quando dum urbem quandam Britanni oppugnant, 
Philippus cum paucis comitibus magna manu hostium 
circumdatus est. Diu et acriter nostri Hispanorum im- 
petum sustinebant. Tandem Philippus iaculo graviter 
volneratus est. Post pugnam dum comites maestiPhi- 
lippum moribundum ad castra reportant, aliquis ei ga- 
leam aquae plenam dedit. Ille autem, etsi sitis fauces 
urebat, militi, qui non procul iacebat avidis-que oculis 
aquam lustrabat, poculum dedit; "Nonne huius vol- 
nera," inquit, "graviora sunt meis?" 


DATIVE WITH ADJECTIVES. 

§ 23. A Dative is naturally used to complete 
the sense after such Adjectives as — 

Amicus, lltiliB, similis, 
Proplnqniui, flnitLnxua, pir,^ ^<; 

4 


50 " CUI " VERBS. 


"CUI" VERBS. 

§ 24. A few Verbs, which we should expect to 
govern an Accusative, for some reason or other 
prefer the Dative. The most common are — 

Parc5, p&re5, place5, 
Fave5, noce5, 8ervi5, 
Invide5, nQb5, Ign58c5, 
Re8iBt5, perBuftde5, 
Maledlc5, indulged. 

1. Rte, cni pSrfimus, benlgnus est. 

TAe kingy whom we obey, is kind-hearted. 

2. Paroet tihi. 

He will spare you. 

These are called " oui " Verbs from the Dative of the 
Relative Pronoun, with which they are sometimes used, 
as m Example i. 

§ 25. Many Verbs compounded with 

ad, ante, con, in, inter, 

ob, post, prae, pr5, sub, and super, 

take the Dative. 

Superfuit patii. 
He survived his father. 
Hostibus approplnquiruttt 
They approached the enemy. 


PLACE. 5 1 


PLACE. 

§ 26. (i) Place where is expressed by the 
Ablative with the Preposition in. 

Exception i. If an Adjective qualifies the Noun, 

the Preposition may be omitted. 
2. Names of towns use an old Case 
called the Locative, instead of 
the Ablative with in. 
The Locative in the Singular of Declensions L 
and II. is the same form as the Genitive; else- 
where as the Ablative. 

These Locatives are also found: 

DomI, rtlrl, humi 

(2) Place to which is expressed by the Ac- 
cusative with the Preposition ad or in. 

Exception, Names of Towns omit the Prepo- 
sition; also domns and rus. 

"To," when it means towards, is never the sign of 
the Dative, but always of the Accusative. 

(3) Place from which is expressed by the 
Ablative with the Preposition ab or ex. 

Exception, Names of Towns omit the Prepo- 
sition; also domns and roa 

The name of a smM island is treated as if it were 
a town. 


52 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

Exercise 14. 

1. In curru sedebat. 

2. Servus curru portatur eddem. 

3. Naves Tarentif aedificatae sunt 

4. Pericles Athenis habitabat. 

5. Exercitus in Hispaniam missus est. 

6. Postero die Corinthum pervenit. 

7. Ex Hispania statim discessit. 

8. Gall! Roma baud procul aberant 

9. Domum ex urbe revenit. 
10. Cypri multi erant servi. 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

The following ten stories require a knowledge 
of— 

{a) Comparison of Adjectives (Irregular). 
(^) Indicative i Passive of the Third and Fourth 
Imperative J Conjugations. 

61. ri/£ UGLY DUCKLING. 

Ingenti aliquando gaudio complebantur incolae cuius- 
dam fundi, gallina enim ex ovis pullos nuper excliiserat. 
Unum tamen ex ovis, quod grandius erat ceteris, adhiic 
integrum manebat. Turn pavo, qui maximus natu erat 
omnium, his verbis gallinam admonet. " lam satis labo- 
ravisti; tandem inutile istud ovum desere." At gallina 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 53 

pertinax consilium pavonis non audit, multos-que inde 
dies in loco manet. Denique post tantum laborem 
parit pullum, qui ceteros magnitudine quidem corporis 
superabat, sed specie et forma longe interior videbatur ; 
nam erant ei turpes pedes, deforme corpus, collum 
procerum. 

62. THE UGLY DUCKLING {Continued). 

Diu in hoc fundo anaticula turpis vitam infelicem 
agebat; nemo enim ei favebat. Gallinae quidem cum 
pavonibus miseram volucrem spernebant, quod aquam 
ita amavit. Anates autem et anseres duris rostris ad- 
veuam sua aqua depellebant. Tandem maesta et infelix 
a fundo in locum desertum efFugit, qua sola totam hie- 
mem habitabat. At vere novo ad lacum advenit, in quo 
multi cygni natabant. His duo pueri frusta panis iac- 
tabant. Tum ilia, quod iam mortem optabat, ad cygnos 
ipsa natavit, flexit-que caput ad ictum rostrorum. At 
attonita suam imaginem, quam aqua reddebat, vidit ; 
audivit-que vocem puerorum, qui cygnum ceteris pul- 
chriorem laeti accipiebant. Anaticula enim turpis gra- 
cilis cygnus evaserat. 

63. THE TOUCH OF GOLD. 

Midas, rex Phrygiae, quod olim Baccho placuerat, 
egregio munere a deo donatus est. " Delige, rex 
magne," inquit deus, ** id quod maxime cupis ; hoc tibi 
libenter dabo." Tum vir avarus mirum donum impe- 


54 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

travit, omnia enitn, quae suo corpore tangebat, in aurum 
mutata sunt. Protinus rex laetus regiam domum per- 
currebat, manu-que vasa, mensas^ lectos, omnia tangebat. 
Inde ubi nihil llgni aut argenti in aedibus manebat, gra- 
tias pro tanto beneficio Baccho persolvit. Tandem 
labore fessus cenam poscit, avidis-que oculis dapes 
splendidas lustrat. Mox tamen ubi piscem ad os ad- 
movet, cibus in aurum statim mutatus est; rex igitur, 
cuius in faucibus rigida haerebat massa, vinum poscit; 
idem evenit. Tandem rex esuriens, quod nihil nee 
edebat, nee bibebat compluribus diebus, maximis pre- 
cibus Bacehura orat. Inde cum risu deus fatale donum 
amovet. 

64. THE GOSSIPING TREES. 

Apollo olim, curvae lyrae inventor, cum Satyro quo- 
dam de arte sua decertabat. Tandem tanti certaminis 
arbitrium ambo ad Midam regem (de quo supra demdn- 
stravimus) commiserunt. Rex autem, qui numeros om- 
nino ign5rabat, postquam carmina utrius-que audiverat, 
Satyro palmam dedit. Deus igitur, tali stultitia iratus, 
capiti regis asini aures affixit. Tum rex callidum con- 
silium concepit; regium enim tonsorem ascivit, cuius 
opera suum dedecus ab oculis omnium abditum est. 
At tdnsor, vir loquax, qui, dum manet in urbe, rem vix 
celabat, rus discessit, regis-que fortiinam arboribus nar- 
ravit. Hae autem comarum susurro, quod vento rami 
agitati sunt, his verbis rem volgabant, "Sunt Midae 
aures asini." 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. $$ 

65. A SCAPE-GOAT, 

Volpes sitiens, quae desiluerat in puteum, haud ita 
altum, sed lateribus praeruptis, post-quam omnem ratio- 
nem fugae frustra tentaverat, ab omni spe reditus inter- 
clusa est. Mox tamen caper, qui aquam petebat, quod 
fervidi solis radii agros iirebant, ad eundem puteum ad- 
venit. "Salve," inquit, "dulcissima, nonne aqua ista 
frigida est et iucunda?" "At nunquam iucundiorem 
bibi," respondit volpes, " desill igitur quara celerrime, 
ego enim iam-diu parco aquae, quod te exspecto." 
Hoc ubi audivit stultum animal, in puteum desiluit. At 
volpes callida in cornua amici prosiluit, quorum opera 
sese ad terram sublevavit. Inde, miseri amici immemor 
domum discessit. 

66. INGRATITUDE, 

Apud antiquos scriptores multa legimus de quodam 
equite, qui Philippum (de quo supra demonstravimus) 
mansuetudine exsuperabat. Huic enim, dum saucius 
humi iacet, aquam multo labore apportaverat amicus. 
Is autem insigni abstinentia aquam unl ex hostibus, qui 
iuxta iacebat, integram praebuit. At perfidus hostis, 
dum donum accipit. cultro manum, quae poculum por- 
rigebat, volneravit. Turn eques ingrato viri animo ira- 
tus, postquam eum modice culpaverait, partem aquae 
ipse bibit, partem tamen hosti iterum dedit. 


S6 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 


67. THE WOLVES, 

Omnium animalium, quae Scythiam incolunt, taeterrimi 
sunt lupi ; hi enim saepe ab omni parte conveniunt, 
perque silvas magno agmine praedam exquirunt. Fe- 
mina quaedam cum tribus llberis per has silvas in cumi 
vehebatur. Subito luporum ululatus auditur, et mox 
dirum agmen apparet. Frustra ilia habenas dat equo, 
equos enim facile cursu assiduo exsuperant lupi. Vix 
breve spatium inter-ponitur, misera-que femina linguas 
sanguineas, fauces nigras, dentes criideles aspicit. lam 
fervidum spiritum saevorum animalium fere sentit. Tum 
metu vesano mater ex curru minimum natu liberorum 
deicit, et dono horribili impetum luporum parumper 
cohibet. 

68. THE WOLVES (Continued). 

Prirao atrox consilium successit, lupi enim, dum saevo 
clamore praedam rapiunt, agmen sistunt; mox tamen 
ubi camem ex ossibus miseri infantis dilaniaverant (nee 
longus ille fuit labor) iterum fugientibus instabant. Ite- 
rum femina infelix idem facit, alterum-que infantem 
lupis concedit. lamque per arbores, spectaculum gra 
tissimum, visa sunt tecta aedium in quibus amici habi- 
tabant, fessus-que equus ingeminat cursum. Nee tamen 
domum advenit, antequam mater tertium infantem eo- 
dem modo morti obiecit. 

Inde ubi convocaverat propinquos fatum liberorum 
suam-que fiigam narravit. Tum maximus natu, dum 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 57 


ceteri horrore obstiipefacti sunt; "Tu tuis infantibus," 
voce inquit terribili, " non parcebas ; nee ego tibi nunc 
parcam." Haec ubi dixerat, securi, quam manu tenebat, 
caput impiae matris percussit. 

69. A CAT'S PAW. 

Apicio mercatori, qui Capuae vivebat, ex Aegypto 
felem, simiam ex Libya suae naves transportaverant. 
Hae quidem bestiae sub tecto raercatoris concordissime 
vivebant, longe tamen aliud fuit utrius-que ingenium. 
Ilia, natdra tardior, magnam diei partem dormiebat; 
haec, alacrior, comitem stolidam saepe per ioca vexabat. 
Forte Apicius castaneas aliquando igne torrebat. Has 
ubi videt simia, ad ignem accedit, avidis-que oculis nu- 
ces observat. Diu haeret incerta; dulces quamquam 
friiges animum alliciunt, fervidus ignis a furto deterret. 
Subito manu felem, quae ante ignem more suo dormie- 
bat, rapit, et pede eius castaneas singillatim ex igne de- 
trahit. Deinde dum ilia magno geniitu casum deplorat, 
ipsa nuces seciira devorat. 

70. THE EFFECT OF A FALL. 

Indi, qui oras maris australis incolebant, etsi multa 
erant et nova animalia in suis finibus, equorum genus 
nondum cognoverunt. Hi igitur cum primum bellum 
gesserunt cum Hispanis, qui ex equis plerumque pugna- 
bant, novo spectaculo quam maxime territi sunt. Equum 
enim cum suo equite unum animal putabant. Primo 


58 VERB INFINITE. 


itnpetu banc ob causam ab equitibus perturbali sunt, 
brevi tamen, quod copiae suae multo plures erant, proe- 
lium renovabant. Denique quidam ex Hispanis, cuius 
equus a funditore volneratus est, super caput animalis 
effusus est. Is igitur pedes pugnabat At Indi, ubi ex 
uno animali duos hostes viderunt, perterriti terga 
verterunt. 

VERB INFINITE. 

§ 27. Every Verb has two parts — 

(i) Finite, limited by Person. 

Am5, / love. 
Amfts, you love, 
Amat, he loves, 

(2) Infinite, not limited by Person. 

Amftre, to love. 

The Finite part of the Verb contains the In- 
dicative, Subjunctive, and Imperative Moods. 

The Infinite part of the Verb contains Infini- 
tive Mood, Gerunds, Supines, and Participles. 

The latter are partly Verb, partly Noun or 
Adjective. 

As Verb (i) they can govern Cases. 

(2) they have Tenses. 
As Noun r (i) they follow the ordinary rules of Num- 

or < ber, Gender, and Case. 

Adjective ( (2) they cannot form complete sentences. 


I. 


2. 


INFINITIVE MOOD. 59 

INFINITIVE MOOD. 

§ 28. The Itstfinitive Mood is used — 

(i) Like the Nominative of an ordinary Noun, 
as Subject to a Verb; e,g, — 

Exeroite 15. 

Hoc pomum est iucundum. 
Edere est iucundum. 
Fames nocet pueris. 
Nimium edere nocet pueris. 

3. Videre est credere. 

4. Dare quam accipere melius est. 

(2) Some Verbs, such as 

poBBum, V0I5, aude5, 
c5nor, incipi5, 8tata5, etc^ 

take the Infinitive to complete their meaning (hence 

called Complementary Infinitive). 

1. Ez equiB pngnare Bolent. 

TAey are accustomed to fight on horseback, 

2. Potes-ne huic persuadere? 
Are you able to persuade him t 

3. Fdssas complere inc6p6runt. 
They began to fill up the trenches. 


6o STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

SPACE. 

§ 29. The Accusative is used in measuring 

Distance, Height, Breadth, etc. 

1. Britannia ft G-allift multa millia passuum abeat 
Britain is many miles distant from GauL 

2. Haec arbor est viginti-dubs pedfis alta. 

This tree is twenty-two feet high. 

But when two Things are compared, the Dif- 
ference between them is put in the Ablative. 

1. Multo plfirSB quam hoatSa aumua. 

We are much more numerous than the enemy, 

2. Altua erat sex. pedes, pede altior quam aoror. 
He was six feet high, a foot taller than his sister. 

STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

The following ten stories require a knowledge 
of — 

(a) Indicative ) Passive of Verbs in -i6, Third Con- 
Imperative y jugation. 
(p) Infinitive Active of the Four Conjugations. 
ic) Also Poaattm. 

V0I6. 

N515. 

Mai5. 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 6l 

71. THE BASKET OF EGGS. 

Rex quidam, qui multa mala ab uxore tolerabat, quod 
mentem fill a matrimonio avertere voluit, iuvenem ita 
admonuit. "Mihi quidem in aniroo est, omnium meo- 
rum civium fortunas cognoscere. Tu hunc laborem 
pro patre suscipe. En tibi hunc calathum ovorum ple- 
num, hos-que duo equos committo. Tu, dum urbem 
perlustras, ei ovum da, quaecumque suum coniugem 
regit ; eam autem, quae a coniuge regitur, equo dona." 
Filius etsi rem intellegere non potest, parentis tamen 
mandata perficit Ubi ad primam domum advenit, vo- 
cem asperam audivit feminae, quae ob nescio quam 
causam coniugi maledicebat. Huic ovum dedit. De- 
inde alteram domum petit, qua coniux extra portam 
stabat, quod uxor eum foras extruserat, dum ipsa domum 
verrit 

72. THE BASKET OF EGGS (ConHnued). 

Inde iuvenis ad multa aedificia iter faciebat, nQUam 
tamen feminam mandatis viri oboedientem invenire pot- 
erat. Vesperi ubi unum modo ovum in calatho mane- 
bat ad casam quandam advenit, cuius incolae cenabant. 
Hi benigne iuvenem accipiunt, vocant-que ad cenam. 
Is igitur, dum libenter cenat, mores utriusque diligenter 
observat, laetus-que mulierem pudicam cognoscit, quae 
semper (ut videtur) coniugi paret. Tum iuvenis, " Tan- 
tae virtutis praemium vobis reddere in animo est. Sunt 
mihi duo equi, haec alba, ille autem niger. Ex his vobis 


62 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

alteram dabo ; utrum mavoltis ? " " Nigrum/' vero re- 
spondit vir. " At, o stultissime, tace," exclamat femina, 
" equidem albam equam malo, nee tibi in hac re parere 
volo." At princeps cum risu ovum suis hospitibus dat, 
et ipse cum equis domum ad patrem se recipit. 

73. A BREACH OF DISCIPLINE, 

Fredericus, Germanorum rex, quod ab hostibus pre- 
m'ebatur, saevissima disciplina milites cohibebat. Rex 
saepe noctu s5lus per castra ambulabat, et ipse custodes 
in stationibus disponebat. Aliquando, dum more suo 
castra perlustrat, videt lucernam, quae in tabemaculo 
finitimo ardebat. Rex igitur qui maxima ira movebatur, 
quod ignem militibus interdixerat, silenter tabemaculum 
intravit. Hie miles epistulam scribebat ad uxorem. 
Dum multis verbis dura pericula belli, suam salutem, 
amorem-que constantem narrat, subito regem iratum 
aspicit. Tum rex, " Iterum epistulam repete, haec ta- 
men adde \ vale, o carissima, eras enim ego, quia impe- 
ratori male parui, capitis damnabor." 

74. A BULVS-EYE. 

Loxias, quod vitam in silvis semper degebat, omnes 
alios sagittarios superabat. Saepe lupos aquilas-quc vo- 
lucribus sagittis transfigebat, nee unquam frustra a se 
telum missum est. Forte incolae urbis propinquae ludos 
sollemnes eelebrabant. Primo quadrigas agitabant iuve- 
nes, deinde pugnis certabant, postremo certamen sagit- 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 63 

tariorum instittitura est. Diu Loxias, qui cum ceteris 
decertare noluit, se a certamine abstinuit, nee arcum ab 
umeris amovit. Denique quidam ex regiis sagittariis, 
cui nomen erat Hubertus, sive gasu, seu quod ventus ei 
favebat, mediam tnetam sagitta transfixit. Turn demum 
Loxias arcum tendit, et suo telo sagittam Huberti in 
duas partes findit. Ingens ad caelum tollitur clamor, 
omnes-que Loxian victorem salutant 


75. THE WEATHER-WISE DONKEY, 

Ludovicus, rex Gallorum, fidera maximam habebat ei 
generi hominum, qui astrologi vocantur, quod m5tu 
stellarum imbres ventos-que praedicere solent. Rex, qui 
multum in venationibus erat, aliquando dum magnum 
cervum canibus per silvas agitat, celeri equo longe ante 
omnes socios praetervectus est Interea caelum nubibus 
obscuratur, gravis-que imber cum multa grandine in 
terram decidit. Rex igitur, quod parvam casam inter 
arbores videt, tempestatis perfugium petit Tum ubi is 
graviter inciisabat indoctos illos astrologos, " Nulla ta- 
men tempestas," respondit agricola, cuius casa erat, " me 
incautum excipit; semper enim mens asinus, qui fruges 
horti ad forum portare solet, voce rauca imbrem mihi 
praedicit." " Nimirum," cum risu respondit rex, " si 
tuus asinus tam bonus astrologus est, meos astrologos 
posthac in numero asinorum habebo." 


64 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 


76. A PRACTICAL JOKE, 

Rex quidam Britannorum quattuor habebat filios, qui, 
quod inter se saepe dissidebant, patris animum graviter 
vexabant. Ex his maximus natu, cui nomen erat Ro- 
bertus, iuvenis ferox et iracundus saepe per ludibrium a 
fratribus exercebatur. Hi olim, qui in superiore parte 
aedium forte fuerunt, Robertum, dum in horto ambulat, 
improbo animo observabant. Mox iuvenis improvidus 
sub ipsam fenestram, qua fratres despiciebant, gressum 
direxit. Turn pueri maligni, ut primum occasio data est, 
in caput fratris incauti amphoram aquae plenam effude- 
runt. At Robertus ira caeca gladium stringit, in-que 
fratres impetum facit. Hi autem perterriti in penetralia 
regis perfugerunt. Rex igitur, qui iunioribus semper 
favebat, Robertum in exsilium relegavit. 

77. HOW TO PLEASE EVERYBODY! 

Senex quidam, qui asinum vendere voluit, cum filio 
eum ad urbem ducebat. Mox occurrunt choro virginum, 
quae dona ad templum Minervae portabant. " Hercle," 
inquit, ex his maxima natu, " num-quid potest esse stul- 
tius illis, qui pedibus iter faciunt, nee asino vehuntur?" 
Hoc ubi audivit senex, filium asinum conscendere iussit, 
et ipse alacri gressu iter pergebat. Non procul ab eo 
loco aliqui senes serm5nem inter se serebant. Turn 
unus, " Eheu,'* inquit, " quantum tempora mutantur ! 
Ubi nunc est ilk senectutis proprius honor; desili ex 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 65 

asino puer impudens, et patri cede." Inde iuvenis, 
quem pudor facti iam movet, celeriter id, quod sibi im- 
peratum est, facit, senex-que invicem asinum conscendit. 

78. HOW TO PLEASE EVERYBODY! {ConHnued.) 

Forte via secundum flumen ducebat, in quo duae 
feminae vestes lavabant. Hae, ubi viatores vident, una 
voce crudelitatem patris, filii-que durum laborem plorant. 
Senex igitur, qui omnibus placere volt, puerum post se 
sedere iubet. Nee tamen ea res prospere evenit, quod 
alius viator iis occurrit. " O impudentiam nefandam ! " 
inquit, ** facilius potestis asinum ipsi vehere, quam vos 
miserum animal.'* Tum senex, qui ne id quidem inep- 
tum putabat, postquam crura asini funibus ad magnum 
contum vinxerat, novum onus cum maximo labore in 
suos fili-que umeros sublevavit. At asinus, cui haec 
minime placebant, dum ponte flumen transmittunt^ su- 
bito nisu vincula rumpit, et in aquam praecipitatur. 

79. THE HEDGEHOG. 

Apud Indos multi sunt serpentes, qui inter se magni- 
tudine et specie longe dissimiles sunt; alii enim totas 
boves devorare solent; alii, qui unum modo pedem 
longi sunt, volnus tamen mortiferum dare possunt. lu- 
dex quidam, qui in illis regionibus habitabat, dum mane 
soleas induit, altero pede levi puncto volneratur. Ex- 
templo is, homo promptissimus, pede pulsavit humum, 
et suo pondere anguem parvum, qui in solea latuerat, 

5 


66 DOUBLE ACCUSATIVE. 

oppressit. Paucis post diebus servus eiusdem iudicis, 
dum calceos induit, punctum haud ita magnum ipse 
sentit. Statim iudicis facti memor, quam maxima vi in 
terram pedem incussit. Inde acuto dolore furi5sus cal- 
ceum exuit, invenit-que haud serpentem quidem sed 
ecliinum. 

80. £/£>£ YOUR TIME. 

Fido parvus canis, qui dominum quam maxime ama- 
bat, quod niillo modo amorem praestare poterat, saepe 
suum casum dolebat. Tandem Rolloni, magno cani, 
rem ita indicavit, " O fortiinate canis ! quot modis nostro 
domino prodes; tu domum custodis; fures a limine, 
lupos ab ovili arces ; ego autem nihil facere possum." 
** At/' respondit Rollo sapiens, " in officio mane ; sine 
dubio occasionem tibi dabit fortuna." Paucis post die- 
bus, dum dominus noctu dormit, Fido, qui haud procul 
humi iacebat, aspexit latronem, qui clam domum intra- 
verat. Protinus latratu dominum e somno excitavit, et 
sua vigilantia eum e periculo eripuit. 


DOUBLE ACCUSATIVE. 


§ 30. The Verbs (rogo, doced, etc.) which make 
sense with an Accusative either of the Person or 
of the Things sometimes use both at once. This 

is called Dpubj.?; Accusative. 


QUALITY. 6^ 


Exeroite 16. 

1. lamdudum te doceo. 

2. Zen5 philosophiam docuit. 

3. Te philosophiam docebo. 

(i) With some Verbs, the Accusative of the Thing 
is generally expressed by the Present Infinitive, 

4. Docebo te tacere. 

5. Quis te vetuit canere. 

6. Omnes discedere iussit. 

7. Cimbros prohibuerunt suos fines vastare. 

(2) If converted into the Passive — 

Accusative of Person becomes Nominative. 
Accusative of Thing remains Accusative. 

( Magister docet puerum litteras, 
' I Puer docetur litteras a magistro. 

Patres consulem exercitum scribere liisserunt. 
Consul a patribus exercitum scribere iiissus est. 

QUALITY. 

§ 31. A Quality is something peculiar in a 
man which distinguishes him from others. 

A man with a beard. 
In English, Quality is expressed — 

By an Adjective, 

A talented man. 


68 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

By a Genitive. 

A man of talents. 
By an Ablative. 

A man without talent. 

In Latin, if the Genitive or Ablative is used, an 
Adjective must always be put in. 

1. Vir ingenibsus. 

2. Vir summi ingeni. 

3. Vir nnllo ingenio, 

STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

The following ten stories require a knowledge 
of— 

(a) Infinitive Passive of the Four Conjugations. 
{b) Also PerO. 

PiO. 

ZS5. 

81. THE INEXHAUSTIBLE PURSE. 

Die Dianae sacro, duo ad venae sordida veste, et spe- 
cie humili, cibum petebant ab Ephesiis, qui templum 
deae celebrabant. Ubi ex tot divitibus nemo preces 
audire voluit, piscatorem pauperem, qui adstabat, auxi- 
lium rogaverunt. "At," respondit ille, "est mihi nee 
cibus nee argentum domi, quod continuae tempestates 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 69 

pisces a nostris oris iamdudum depellunt. Si tamen 
mecum venire voltis, hanc noctem sub meo tecto requi- 
escere poteritis." • Inde advenas, qui laeti beneficium 
accipiunt, domum ad uxorem ducit. Ilia autem maesta, 
quod digno hospitio advenas non potest accipere, locu' 
los vacuos, inopiae signum, ostendit. Subito ad terram 
decidunt asses duo. Piscator, miraculo attonitus, vinum 
cibum-que emit; nee posthac duram paupertatem fere- 
bat, nunquam enim loculis de-erant divini asses. 


82. THE GOLDEN LOAF, 

Lydon, agricola pauper sed probus, aliquando cum 
filio edebat parvum panem, quem totius diei mercede 
yix emerat. Dum puer dentibus suam partem panis 
frangit, complures nummi aurei, qui in cibo occulti 
erant, in gremium eius deciderunt. Hoc ubi videt puer, 
" Accipe," inquit laeta voce, " pater, hos nummos, quos 
deus aliquis tibi, paupertatis remedium, tribuit." " Mini- 
me carissime," respondit pater, " pecuniam potius red- 
demus pistori, qui, dum panem coquit, pecuniam cum 
farina nescio quo casu miscuit." Sine mora ambo ad 
pistorem properant rem-que narrant. Tum ille, " Macte 
virtute, Lydon ; fortunam, quam bene meruisti, carpe ; 
hunc enim panem, iussu regis, ei, quem inveni probis- 
simum, libenter do." 


70 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

83. HOSPITALITY. 

Multa audivimus de luxu divitiis-que eorum sacerdd- 
tum, qui sacris Cereris prae-erant. Ex his unus, cui 
nomen erat Lycus, quamquam modicas modo divitias 
habebat, omnes alios benignitate et liberalitate supe- 
rabat. Hie enim, qui cotidie cibum semel edebat, 
semper ad frugalem cenam binos pauperes vocabat. 
Aliquando dum cum duobus pauperibus cenare incipit, 
tertius hospes, quem ipse non vocaverat, domum intra- 
vit. Turn Lycus, quod cena quattuor convivis non 
suppetebat, suum lectum advenae concessit (Romani 
enim, dum cenant, in lectis semper iacebant). " Tu," 
inquit, " hodie cena ; equidem heri cenavi ; eras quoque 
si dis ita placet, cenabo." 

84. HONESTY IS THE BEST POLICY, 

Padius, agricola probus, qui multo labore aliquid ar- 
genti collegerat, vaccam tandem emit, cuius lacte et 
sese et liberos alebat. Complures menses satis pabuli 
praebebat pratum baud ita magnum ; at media aestate, 
quod totus ager ardore s5lis torrebatur, ilia fame misere 
pressa est. Hoc ubi sensit Padius, quod acerrimo dolore 
perturbatus est, ad horreum divitis coldni, qui non procul 
habitabat, noctu accessit. Hie postquam umeros magno 
faeni pondere oneravit, subito suae virtutis memor pabu- 
lum his verbis ad terram deiecit ; " Magna est probitas, 
nee malo furto vaccam servare volo." Postridie eololius, 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 7 1 

quem nee factum nee verba Padi fefellerant, donum ad 
eum misit tantum faeni, quantum plaustro vehi poterat, 
eum epistula, in qua haee seripta erant ; ** Magna vero 
est probitas, equidem tamen tuam vaeeam servare volo." 

86. THE BEARSKIN. 

Venator quidam, eui nihil erat argenti, Capuam ad 
mereatorem ivit. " Vis-ne," inquit, " emere ursae pellem 
praestantissimam." " Maxime," respondit ille. Cui ve- 
nator, " Hodie quidem earn tibi afferre non possum, 
quod nondum ursam interfeei, at paueis diebus eum 
pelle redibo." Mereator tamen, qui nunquam silvas 
viderat, non modo ei multum argenti dedit, sed etiam 
ipse eum venatore ad loeum Ire eonstituit. Ubi ad sil- 
vam venerunt, mox ipsam viderunt ursam, quae tardo 
gressu ad eos ineedebat. Tum perterritus arborem as- 
eendit mereator ; at comes infelix, qui fugere non pote- 
rat, quod armis impeditus est, proieeit se in terram, 
mortem-que simulavit. Ursae enira, etsi homines vivos 
maxima vi oppugnare solent, eadavera tangere nolunt. 
Itaque ursa postquam nasum corpori eius admoverat 
raueo cum fremitu discessit. 

86. SELF-RESTRAINT. 

Voluerunt olim animalia novum creare regem, quod 
leo, qui regnum antea obtinuerat, a venatore quodara 
occisus erat. Itaque certo die simius, cuius ioca ceteris 
magnopere placebant, suffragiis omnium rex creatus est. 


72 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION, 

Volpes tamen, cui simi nova dignitas minime grata 
fuit, regem submovere cdnstituit. **Veni me-cum," in- 
quit, " rex magne, inveni enim sub antiqua quercu mul- 
tum argenti, quod iure regum tibi proprium est.*' 
Simius statim iussit earn ad locum se ducere, incidit-que 
in plagas, quas volpes paraverat. Turn ilia cum risu, 
"Qudmodo tu potes," inquit, "alios regere, qui ne te 
ipsum quidem regere potes?" 

87. A PROMISING PUPIL. 

Medicus quidam gloriosus, qui maxima paupertate 
premebatur, omnium animos in se convertere voluit. Is 
igitur dum per urbem album asinum ducit, magna voce 
clamitabat, " Hunc quem videtis asinum^ cives, litteras 
Latinas docere possum." Tum rex, cui id nuntiatum 
est, postquam hominem ad se arcessiverat, eum rem 
statim perficere iussit. Is vero operam libenter suscipit, 
sed moram decem annorum postulat. Postero die unus 
ex amicis medicum ita admonuit ; " Fuge, o stultissime, 
ex hac regione, tu enim capitis certe damnaberis, quod 
rem, quae fieri non potest, suscepisti." At ille, " Bono 
es animo, amice ; nam decem annis aut ego aut rex aut 
asinus occiderimus." 

88. THE SARACENS HEAD. 

Ricardo, Britannorum regi, non modo cor sed etiam 
venter erat leonis, si id verum est quod Sarraceni de eo 
referunt. Is enim post-quam totius diei spatium cum 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 73 

hostibus pugnaverat, tandem fessus cibum postulavit. 
Turn servi, quod nihil cibi iam reliquum erat, nee regis 
mandata detrectare audebant, ex captivis pinguissimum 
coxenint, dapes-que novas, loco apri, fesso apposuerunt 
domino. Inde rex, qui cibo quam maxime delectabatur, 
caput animalis afferri iussit. Mox ubi servi perterriti 
mandata perfecerunt, ille ingenti cum risu, " Certe,'* in- 
quit, *'nunquam nobis commeatus de-erunt, si camem 
hostium ita edere possumus.'* 

89. TOWN V. COUNTRY. 

Urbanus mus, qui riis ad fratrem iverat, cibum riistr- 
cum aegre tulit atque edere noluit. "Si vis," inquit, 
"domum me-cum redire ses-centas delicias habebis." 
Itaque illi, postquam totius diei iter fecerunt, media 
nocte parietem splendidi aedifici rima angusta ineunt. 
Tum mus urbanus magnificas dapes affert, et rusticum 
in lecto purpureo locat. At subito ingens auditur 
clamor; panduntur portae; irruunt decem servi niger- 
rimi. Fugit per-territus mus uterque, et vix in perfugium 
se recipit. Deinde rusticus, *' Solus," inquit, " vitam 
urbanam carpe ; ego certe salutem et glandes meas 
malo.'* 

90. COUNTING HER CHICKENS. 

Phyllis ancilla quaedam mulctrarium novi lactis ple- 
num Nolam ferebat. Dum iter facit, suas opes ita nu- 
merabat. '* Certe," inquit, " ubi lac vendidero, ova com- 
plura potero emere. Nonne ex ovis gignuntur pulli ? ex 


74 PARTICIPLES. 


puUis argentum? Turn suem emere in animo est, quae 
brevi porculos multos mihi pariet. Inde erit mihi vacca ; 
nee multo post vitulus fusco col5re, oculis pulcherrimis. 
Quanta laetitia vitulum, dum saltat in pratis, aspiciam?'' 
Haec ubi dixit prae gaudio saltavit ipsa, quo subito 
m5tu lac omne una cum divitiarum spe effusum est. 


PARTICIPLES. 

§ 32.' Participles are partly ADJECTIVE, partly 
Verb. (See page 58.) 

The Participle is often the most important word 
in the sentence and may be translated by a Rela- 
tive Clause^ or by an Adverbial Clause^ introduced 
by the Conjunctions whetiy while y because ^ etc. 

1. VIdl memn flliam salteLnteia, 

( dancing. 
I saw my son \ , ., , _ 

( whtle he was danang, 

2. VIdl latrdnem gladid aTmatum, 

- - ( armed with a sword. 
I have seen a robber \ 

( ivho was armedy etc. 

3. Ho8t68 victi pSlcem petifirunt. 

( conquered sought for peace. 
The enemies \ , ^, , , , 

( 7men they had been conquered, etc. 

4. MIIit68 armls impediti fugere n5n potufinint. 

{ hampered with their af'jjis, could not flee. 
' \ because they were hampered, etc. 


PRICE AND VALUE. 75 

5. Flfbnen tzansituros equitSs oppressSrunt. 
Tke cavalry surprised i about to cross the river, 
them \ as they were on the pointy etc. 

N. B. Remember that the Past Participle is Passive, 
and do not translate it by having. 


PRICE AND VALUE. 


§ 33« FixedV?\\x^ is expressed by the Ablative. 
Unfixed Value is expressed by the Genitive. 


1. Paivi hostSs habet. 
He thinks the enemy of little importance, 

2. Emit hort5B ducentis minis. 
He bought the gardens for two hundred minae, 

3. VfindidI alterum equum taientd, alterum plnzis, 
I sold one horse for a talent ^ the other for more, 
QusLZLti aestimas agrum? 
At what price do you value the field 1 
Qulnque talentis. 
(At) five talents, 

§ 34. The Relative is often used in Latin after 
a full stop. This does not make the sentence 
Adjectival, but simply serves to connect it with 
what has gone before. 


^6 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

Bnle 10. After a full stop do not translate the 
Relative by who or which, but by the Demonstra- 
tives he, this, etc., with or without a Conjunction. 

1. Quod ubi sensit. 

{And) when he perceived this. 

2. Cui respondit senez. 

{But} the old man answered him. 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

91. THE BLOODHOUND, 

Robertus, Scotorum rex, vir et armis et virtute insignis, 
bellura cum Britannis non prospere primo gerebat. 
Erant enim in castris hostium complures Scoti, qui ob 
privatam invidiam Britannis auxilium praebebant. Ex 
his unus constituit regem capere per canem fidelissimum, 
quem ipse donum ab eo acceperat. Robertus forte, 
maioribus hostium copiis circumdatus, suos fugae causa 
in omnes partes discedere iusserat ; ipse tamen cum uno 
comite se in silvTs abdidit. At hostes, cane ducti, regis 
perfugium facile invenerunt. Hie autem latratu canis 
admonitus, per alveum fluminis duo millia passuum am- 
bulavit; quo consilio saevos hostes elusit. Canis enira, 
qui vestigia domini terra cognoscere poterat, aqua om- 
nino falsus est 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. ^^ 


92. THE BLOODHOUiYD (Continued). 

Postquam duas h5ras in silva densissima erraverant, 
tandem rex comes-que fidelis tribus viris armatis, specie 
feroci, obviam iverunt. Rex tamen, etsi hos in suspi- 
cione habuit, fame confectus, hospitium datum non ab- 
nuit Inde ductus ad casam, quae baud procul aberat, 
benigne acceptus est a latronibus, qui totam ovem coxe- 
runt, magnam-que partem advenis dederunt. Post ce- 
nam Robertus, longo labore defessus, somno sese dedit. 
Comes tamen, qui a rege vigilare iussus erat, gravi so tun o 
oppressus, officium omisit. TumHatrones, qui ipsi som- 
num simulaverant, furtim petebant eam partem casae, 
qua hospites dormiebant 


93. THE BLOODHOUND (Continued), 

Rex tamen, qui leviter dormiebat, somno excitatus, a 
lecto prosiluit et postquam comitem suscitavit, gladium 
destrinxit. Atrox inde certamen factum est, rex enim 
gladio unum e latronibus transfixit; at comes infelix, 
subito impetu perturbatus, a latronibus interfectus est. 
Turn rex ira et dolore incensus, quod gladium e corpore 
latronis interfecti detrahere non poterat, face ardenti, 
quam e foco corripuerat, alterius latronis caput ellsit. 
Quod ubi videt tertius, morte comitum perterritus, fugam 
tentavit. Nee tamen e periculo evasit, rex enim iam 
armatus gladio, quo occisum latronem spoliaverat, hos- 
tem fugientem mortali volnere c5nfecit. 


78 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

»4. A LOVER LOST. 

Galli, qui audaciam maximi aestimabant, ferarum cer- 
taminibus multum delectabantur. Aliquando rex cum 
magna caterva nobilium mulierum-que clararum ludos 
sollemnes aspiciebat. Quaedam ex his, quae sponsi for- 
titudinem tentare voluit, aureum torquem deiecit in 
mediam harenam, qua leo ingens cum duobus tigribus 
certamen acerrimum agebat. "Tu quidem," inquit, 
"si quid in te residet amoris erga me, torquem mihi e 
feris eripe." Statim iuvenis his verbis accensus, in 
harenam se praecipitavit ; saltu alacri torquem rapuit; 
tutus cum praemio rediit. Tum ille, dum omnes factum 
plaudunt, cum risu ad pedes virginis crudelis torquem 
proiecit. ** Tu quidem," inquit, ** meam vitam minimi 
habuisti; ego tuum amorem." 

95. ffOW TO GET RID OF A WIFE. 

Fulvius quidam, cui uxor erat difiicilis, quod earn vi 
interficere non audebat, fraudem adhibere c5nstituit. 
MuHerem igitur ad ripam flurainis, quod per ipsum hor- 
tum fluebat, duxit. Quo ubi advenit, "Mihi," inquit, 
" in animo est e vita discedere. Tu igitur, ut uxor fide- 
Hs, extremis viri mandatis pare." Uxor incauta fidem 
dat. " Ergo," inquit Fulvius, *' manus mihi post tergum 
hoc fune vincT, me-que in flumen deice." Tum ea, etsi 
rem credere vix potuit, quod noluit fidem datam violare, 
manus eius constrinxit, et maximo nisu eum in aquam 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 79 

propellere paravit. At Fulvius subito motu corporis 
periculum elusit, mulier-que improvida suo impetu in 
aquam praeceps deicitur. Inde miseris precibus auxi- 
lium oranti respondit ille ; " Volo equidem te iuvare ; 
quod tamen meas manus vinxisti, niillo mod5 possum." 

96. A STERN EXAMPLE. 

Dux quidam, qui cum Gallis bellum gerebat, quod 
voluit cives ab omni iniuria defendere, poenis gravissimis 
suos rapinis prohibebat. Olim dum cum legatis cenat, 
in praetorium ducti sunt tres viri, in furto manifesto de- 
prehensi. Tum dux, qui magnitudine poenae reliquos 
deterrere voluit, iussit fures ilico de magna quercu, quae 
non multum aberat, suspendi. Postero die dum in iti- 
nere agmen locum praeterit, ante oculos omnium tria 
cadavera, militari pallio vestita, ex arbore pendebant. 
Quo exemplo territi, milites in posterum ab omni genere 
rapinae abstinebant. Id tamen exemplum saliibrius quam 
criidelius fuit ; dux enim misericordia commdtus, suspen- 
derat baud fures quidem, sed cadavera trium militum, 
qui pridie morbo absiimpti erant. 

97. THE GUARDS OUTWITTED. 

Henricus, rex Britannorum, qui cum civibus turbu- 
lentis bellum gerebat, filium suum equitatui praefecerat. 
Hie tamen, iuvenis acer, quod equitibus hostium effusis 
audacius institerat, tandem captus est ab hostibus. Vic- 
tores autem qui captivo volebant indulgere, eum sinebant 


8o STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

cotidie cum paucis custodibus in equo vehi. Aliquando 
custodes iussu principis inter se cursu equorum conten- 
debant. Tandem postquam equi omnium cursu et la- 
bore confecti sunt, princeps, qui a certamine de industria 
abstinebat, " En," inquit, " vobis novum certamen pro- 
pono." Cum his verbis equum integrum incitavit, cele- 
riterque e conspectu hostium fessorum ad amicos vectus 
est. 

98. A FOUL. 

Romanus olim cum duobus Graecis cursu contendebat. 
Ubi signum datum est, omnes pariter e carceribus evo- 
lant. Mox tamen unus e Graecis, qui celeritate pedum 
praestantior fuit, ceteros superabat. Huic modico inter- 
vallo insistebat Romanus, quem acerrimo cursu urget 
Graecus alter. lam-que ubi sub ipsum finem advenie- 
bant, primus Graecorum, qui vict5riam pro certo habuit, 
minus caute currebat. lUe autem lubrico gramine falsus 
praeceps decidit. Tum quod ipse praemium reportare 
non potuit, amici baud immemor, sese opposuit Romano 
praetereunti, qui invicem ad terram provolutus est. Ita- 
que Graecus alter voce omnium victor est appellatus. 

99. A DISGUISED MONARCH, 

lacobus, rex Scotorum, vir gl5riae militaris avidus, 
saepe sine ullo comite errabat, veste suae fortunae dissi- 
mili indutus. Olim dum per quandam silvam iter facit, 
de improviso a tribus latronibus oppressus, in maximum 
capitis periculum adductus est. At rusticus quidam, qui 


DEPONENT VERBS. 8 1 

ad clangorem armorum occurrerat, securi armatus, regi 
volneribus et labore paene confecto, auxilium attulit, 
fugavit-que latrones. Turn ubi rusticus pro tanto bene- 
ficio praemium accipere noluit; rex "Saltern," inquit, 
"redi rae-cum ad urbem, qua te digno accipiam hos- 
pitio, quod ipse apud regem habito." 

100. WHICH IS THE KING1 

Rusticus, qui regem videre valde cupiebat, laetus cum 
hospite ign5to ad regiam iter fecit. Post cenam, rex 
" Si vis " inquit, " me-cum in alteram partem aedium ire, 
et regem et nobiles complures tibi ostendam." " Max- 
ime," respondit rusticus, sed quomodo regem cogno- 
scere potero?" "Facile," respondit ille, "nam ceteri 
sunt capite niidato, rex autem solus capite operto manet." 
Inde splendidum ineunt atrium, ubi adstant viri com- 
plures, ostro inslgnes et auro. Frustra rusticus oculis 
regem per totum coetum exquirit Tandem ad comitem 
versus ; " Ex nobis,'' inquit, " alter rex necessario est, 
nam soli ex tanto coetu capite sumus operto." 

DEPONENT VERBS. 

§ 35- Deponent Verbs are Passive in form 
but Active in meaning. 

Morior, / die, 
Queror, / complain. 


82 DEPONENT VERBS. 

1. The Present and Future Participles of Deponent 
Verbs are Active in form as well as meaning. 

Querfins, complaining, 
QuestOruB, about to complain, 

2. The Past Participle of Deponent Verbs is Active 
in meaning, and may therefore be translated by having. 

QuestuB, having complained, 

FUNGOR, FRUOR, etc. 

The Verbs fltor, fruor, fungor, potior, Tescor, 
are used with the Ablative Case instead of the 
Accusative. 

These are probably old Middle Verbs, and can be ex- 
plained thus — 

Fungor lab ore. 

I perform my work (lit. I busy myself with work), 

Vescor pomis, 

I eat apples (lit. I fill myself with apples). 

The Ablative also follows 

the Adjectives dignus {worthy)^ indX^us 

(jmworthy^ ; 
the Nouns opus (jieed) and flsus (use). 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 83 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

101. THE TRUMPETER AND THE HYENAS, 

Inveniuntur in Africa ferae plurimae ac saevissimae, 
quae noctu vagatae boves armentaque rapiunt, aliquando 
etiam homines adoriuntur. Glim dum Britanni cum 
Afris bellum gerunt, tubicen quidam, vino et sop5re 
oppressus, extra vallum incautus dormiebat. Celeriter 
ad locum convenerunt complures hyaenae, fame ad 
castra adductae, hominemque pro mortuo ad silvas, quae 
baud procul aberant, traxerunt. Ubi iam dapes incep- 
turae sunt, tubicen, subito e somno experrectus, fecit id, 
quod optimum erat pro tanto periculo, nam labra tubae 
adhibens clangorem quam maximum edidit. Quo stre- 
pitu perterritae hyaenae diffugerunt, hominemque inte- 
grum quidem sed terrore semi-animem reliquerunt. 


102. THE LOST CHILD. 

In Africa procul ab ullo oppido habitavit agricola qui- 
dam, cui erant undecim iTberi. Ex his maximus natu 
oves in montibus custodiebat, ceteri tamen labori adhuc 
inutiles totum diem in agris liidebant. Aliquando mini- 
mus, puer quattuor annos natus, inveniri non poterat, 
nee post quartam diei horam a fratribus conspectus erat. 
Postquam eum ublque quaesiverunt et per aedes et agros 
f Initimos, tandem parentes auxilium ab viclnis amicisque 
petierunt. Una cum his silvas, ferarum latebras, explora- 


84 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

verunt. Vicini quidem sub vesperum, vano labore fessi, 
domum discesserunt, at parentes miseri, ferarurn obliti, 
totam per noctem in silvis manebant 

103. THE LOST CHILD [Continued.) 

Prima luce vicini regressi, postquam magnam diei 
partem puerum frustra quaesiverant, domum, ut antea, 
discesserunt. Forte illo die Afer venator, agricolae bene 
notus, qui a loco distanti iter faciebat, ad fundum per- 
venit. Neminem tamen intra domum invenit praetcr 
anum caecam, quae prae senectute alios ad silvas sequi 
non potuerat. Quam rem miratus, causam ex ipsa 
petiit. Inde de periculo infantis certior factus, parentes 
advocari iussit. Tum pallium pueri suo cani ostendit. 
Hie autem vestera od5ratus, eos ad densiorem silvam 
addiixit, ubi sub antiqua quercu puerum placide dormi- 
entem invenerunt. 

104. DUMB SHOW. 

Admetus vir pauper sed idem acri ingenio praeditus, 
quod nihil cibi duobus diebus gustaverat, fame deperibat. 
Tertio autem die, dum aedes splendidas praeterit, a 
portae custode aliquid cibi petiit. Hie autem hominis 
miseritus iussit eum domum ingredi, atque ab ipso do- 
mino cibum petere. Admetus, id, quod imperatum est, 
facit, dominumque in atrio sedentem invenit. Qui, ubi 
rem cognovit, " Agite," inquit, " servi, aquam quam 
celerrime afferte." Deinde paulisper moratus, etsi appa- 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 85 

rebant nee servi nee aqua, manus lavantis gestum imita- 
tus est. Admetus, etsi re satis attonitus est, tamen quod 
noluit dominum offendere, idem fecit. Deinde dominus 
servos primam eenam apponere iussit, et tanquam veras 
dapes et ipse edit et hospiti praebet. 

105. DUMB SHOW {Continued). 

Postquam eodem modo simulatas dapes ab ovo usque 
ad mala devoraverunt, Admetus iam ab omni spe eibi 
deieetus, " Siste," inquit, " laborem, satis enim edi, ultra 
nee possum nee volo." Cui dominus, " At, si non 
edere, certe aliquid bibere potes." Simul, " Agite,'* in- 
quit, "servi, afferte mihi illud vinum, quod cado avus 
noster Plancus condidit." Deinde, ut antea, postquam 
visus erat vinum effundere in flctum poculum, id amico 
tradidit. Hie autem personam etiam melius sustinuit; 
primum enim ad lucem poculum sustulit, deinde vini 
odorem naribus captavit, postremo absorbere visus est. 
Quid multa? Postquam saepius vinum biberat, ebrium 
simulans, crura et bracchia iactare incipit ; denique, tan- 
quam casu, caput hospitis iocosi ictu gravissimo pulsavit. 
Inde, dum ille humi iacet saucius, hie foras sese eripuit. 

106. A HARD BARGAIN. 

Agricola quidam, vir dives atque idem avarus, dum 
per agros errat, opes divitiasque secum considerabat. 
Segetes quidem aristis pomis arbores oneratae sunt, sta- 
bula autem bobus pinguibus iumentisque abundabant. 


86 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

Ex agris domum regressus, postquam aedes intravit, ar- 
cam, ubi nummi conditi sunt, avidis oculis contempla- 
batur. Subito vocem audivit dicentis, " Num auro 
divitiisque bene usus es ? " "Unquam-ne pauperes ege- 
nos-que curavisti ? " Qua voce attonitus dum vitani 
praeteritam recenset, occurrit pauper quidam, et aliquid 
argenti ab eo petiit. " Id tibi libenter dabo," respondit 
ille, " si voles meum sepulcrum dies noctesque tres cus- 
todire." Quibus verbis pecuniam alteri tradidit, et sta- 
tim e vita discessit. 

107. A HARD BARGAIN (Continued). 

Inde pauper, iustis funebribus perfiinctus, quod fidem 
datam violare noluit, per duas noctes sepulcrum agri- 
colae custodiebat. Tertia tamen nocte Mors ipsa appa- 
ruit, funebri veste induta, et corpus sibi tradi iussit. Is 
autem, etsi capilli prae raetu homierunt, pr5missi non 
oblitus, Mortem ita allociitus est. " Equidem, Mors, hoc 
cadaver tibi concedam; repeto tamen pro tali munere 
tantum auri, quantum ex meis cothumis alterum comple- 
verit." Mors non respuit condicionem. Inde dum 
haec pecuniam arcessit, ille cultro imum cothumum per- 
forat. Haud ita multo post, Mors regressa, nummorum 
saccum, quem reportavit, in cothumum effudit. Mirata 
quod cothurnus nondum completus est, alterum saccum 
priore maiorem arcessivit. Tandem postquam ne hie 
quidem cothumum complere valuit, dum tertium saccum 
arcessit, sole oriente excepta, necessario fugere coacta 
est. 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 8/ 

108. WHO KILLED THE COCKf 

Anus quaedam, quae baud procul Tarento ab urbe 
habitavit, suas ancillas ad galli cantum e somno excitare 
solebat. Hae igitur quod a prima luce usque ad occa- 
sum solis laborem sustinere coactae sunt, gallum malo- 
rum causam occidere c5nstituerunt. Postero igitur die 
sub vesperum, dum altera pedes galli utraque manu re- 
tinet aversata, altera, quae paulo audacior fuit, caput avis 
infelicis securi percussit. Id tamen longe aliter evenit 
ac putabant. Postquam enim gallus interfectus erat, 
anus, quae ad id tempus cantum eius patienter exspec- 
tare solebat, ancillas, nunc media nocte, nunc prim§ 
luce, semper tamen maturius quam antea, e somno ex- 
citavit. Ancillae igitur, quae ita se fefellerant, pro tanto 
facinore dignas poenas persolverunt. 

109. AN IMPARTIAL JUDGE, 

Duo olim viatores, dum baud procul Baiis iter per 
Oram maritimam faciunt, concbylium ingens, quod in 
rupe quadam baerebat, c5nspexerunt. Quod ubi con- 
spectum est, uterque eorum, tanquam divinitus oblatum, 
edere ipse voluit. Deinde alter, qui primus ad locum 
advenerat, avide concbylium a rupe avellit, alter autem 
amicum graviter increpuit. ** Ego enim/' inquit, " etsi 
paulo tardior adveni, prior tamen id vidi." Dum ita 
inter se rixantur, occurrit quidam nomine utrique notus. 
Ad eum ambo rem reiecerunt. Hie autem totam cau- 


88 GERUNDS- AND SUPINES. 

sam patienter audivit; deinde, postquam fronte tran- 
quilla conchylium patefecerat, devoravit ipse. Inde ad 
amicos versus, utrique alteram concham tradidit his 
verbis, " Nihil iucundius unquam edi ; cum bona pace 
abite." 

110. INATTENTION REBUKED, 

Demosthenes ille orator clarissimus quod respublica 
in summum discrimen adducta est per consilia Philippi, 
Macedonum regis, Athenienses de periculo, quod immi- 
nebat, saepe monebat. Aliquando, dum more suo cives 
hortatur, miratus quod surdis auribus verba faciebat, 
subito vocem mutavit. " Ceres olira," inquit, " una cum 
hinmdine et angue itineris comitibus profecta, ad altum 
pervenit flumen, quod tranavit anguis, hirundo autem 
pennis transvolavit." Hie ubi orator subito sermonem 
interriipit, "At Ceres ipsa quomodo traiecta est?" ex- 
ceperunt cives. Turn ille voltu severo, " Num-quid vo- 
bis stultius esse potest, Athenienses, qui ita delectamini 
fabulis, quibus auctoritatem quidem nullam adiungere 
debemus, Philippum tamen, qui exitium civitati minatur, 
nihili habetis?" 

GERUNDS AND SUPINES. 

§ 36. Gerunds and Supines are used to make 
up the Cases of the Infinitive used as a Noun. 

Amftre, loving ; amandi, of loving ; 
amand6, fo or dy loving. 


GERUNDS AND SUPINES. 89 

Thus the Gerunds are used like the Genitive, 
Dative, and Ablative, of ordinary Nouns. 

1. Amor bibendi. 
Love of drinking, 

2. Parendo artem regnandi dboimtis. 
By obeying we learn the art of ruling. 

N. B. Only Intransitive Verbs as a rule use Gerunds, 
which are declined in Case, but not in Gender or Number. 

Transitive Verbs use an Adjectival form called the 
Gerundive, which agrees with its Noun in Number, 
Gender, and Case. 

1. Belgae vlx6runt piscibus edendis. 
The Belgae supported life by eating fish. 

2. ProfectuB est cum duftbus legidnibus ad urbem 

expngnandam. 
He started with two legions to storm the city. 

The Supines are two Noun Forms, of Declen- 
sion IV. 

• (i) Supine in urn — an Accusative of Place 
after Verbs of Motion. 

V6nl te visum.. 

I have come to see you. 

(2) Supine in tl — an Ablative of Respect 
used chiefly with Adjectives. 

MXrabile dictu! 

Wonderful \ . . . , 

{ tn the saying! 


90 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

111. TOO GOOD A DEFENCE. 

Anus quaedam, quae Capuae habitabat, pallium sibi a 
nuru creditum forte sciderat. Cuius iram verita, pallium 
sclssum inter aliquas vestes integras celavit, omnes-que 
eodem tempore suae nurui reddidit. Haec autem, ubi 
fraudem perspexit, quod id pallium maximi aestimabat, 
ira commota causam apud iudices agebat. Tum anus a 
iudicibus interrogata, purgandi sui causa, ita respondit. 
"^ aequi estis iudices, nullam poenam a me repetetis 
multas ob causas; primum enim nullum pallium mihi 
unquam creditum est; quomodo igitur id scindere 
potui? Deinde nurus mea pallium ipsa sciderat, ante- 
quam id mihi credidit. Postremo id pallium, quod red- 
didit integrum fuit. Nonne me igitur laude digniorem 
quam poena habebitis?" Hac tamen oratione usa, iu- 
dicibus non persuasit 

112. CHEAP TRAVELLING. 

Timon, Romanus, honestis natus parentibus, qui patri- 
monii magnam partem ludendo devoraverat, procul ab 
urbe iter faciebat. Quo in itinere dum more suo aleam 
ludit, reliqua parte peciiniae spoliatus est. Tum is, cui 
nee argentum nee amicus in iis locis manebat, quod iti- 
neris impensas solvere non poterat, hoc consilio usus est 
Pulveris aliquid, quod coegerat, in compliires partes di- 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 9 1 

visit, in quibus inscripserat " Venenum ad consules ne- 
candos paratum." Quas ubi viderunt agricolae, rem ad 
magistratus detulerunt, qui Timonem, ut pr6dit5rem, ad 
urbem publico siimptu quam celerrime traxerunt. Con- 
sules autem, qui venenum tarn innocens non timebant, 
non modo eum e vinculis Hberaverunt, sed fortunae 
miseriti aUquo argenti donavenint. 

113. A TRAITOR TO HIS KING. 

D^eus olim rex Persarum in silvas cum magna nobi- 
lium caterva venatum iverat. Subito ante oculos 
omnium unus ex accipitribus regiis, qui columbam 
sequebatur, ipse ab aquila, rege avium, oppiignatus est. 
lUe autem nee viribus nee maiestate hostis perturbatus, 
et rostro et unguibus sese quam fortissime defendebat. 
Tandem aquila, quod ndllo modo victoriam reportare 
poterat, in fugam sese dedit. Inde rex accipitrem ad 
se ferri iussit, capiti-que alitis auream coronam pro tanta 
virtute ipse imposuit. Deinde unum ex iis servis qui 
adstabant securi iussit percutere caput proditoris alitis. 
" Hie enim," inquit, " contra suum regem fortiter sed 
impie c5nfl!^ere ausus est" 


114. A LESSON IN GOOD MANNERS. 

Lticius Celer, vir iocosus sed avarus, qui multa ab 
amicis accipiebat, nuUo miinere servos, qui dona fere- 
bant, unquam donavit. Aliquando servus quidam, no- 


92 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

mine Lydon, domum ingressus ad pedes avari piscem his 
verbis proiecit, "Hunc tibi meus dominus mittit.'* 
"Quid tamen," respondit Celer, "tuo ingenio incultius 
esse potest ? En ! tibi meam sedem concede ; mox me 
imitatus, tuo officio melius fungi poteris." Tum Celer 
humili voltu servum, qui iam ipsius sedem occupabat, 
aggressus; "Te," inquit, *'vir optime, meus dominus 
salvere iubet. Hunc piscem omnium, quos in stagno 
pascit, pinguissimum, te tamen vix dignum, dono dat." 
" At," respondit Lydon, " tuo domino gratias ago habeo- 
que ; tibi quoque pro labore duos nummos dare in animo 
est." Quod ubi audit Celer, acri ingenio send delec- 
tatus; tres nummos ei dedit. 

116. BONNETED. 

Mulieri cuidam, quae Arpis habitabat, vas erat ferreum 
haud ita magnum, quo cibum coquere solebat. Ftir 
autem improbus, dum ipsa abest, domum ingressus vas 
rapuit inque silvas evasit. Qui, quod vas grave erat, nee 
facile portatu, capiti onus imposuit, iter-que pergebat 
primo cautius; deinde clamore sequentium perterritus, 
properandi causa, currere incipit. At vas subito motu 
turbatum, e summo capite ad umeros lapsum, totum 
voltum furis obtexit. Tum is, quod nee diutius viam 
videre poterat, nee uUo modo caput extrahere ex vase, 
quod artissime haerebat, cursum non tenuit Itaque a 
sequentibus captus, manifesti delicti poenas exsolvit. 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 93 

116. THE FALCON. 

Gaius nobilis quidam Hispanus, venandi studio com- 
plures canes accipitres que domi alebat Mox autem 
pauper factus omnes vendere coactus est, praeter unum 
accipitrem, quern maxime amabat. Haud procul ab eo 
loco cum parvo filio habitabat Fulvia, femina dives et 
avara, quam multos per annos Gaius in matrimonium 
ducere volebat. Ilia autem, etsi amanti primo faverat, 
pauperi nubere noluit. Forte Fulviae filius, accipitrem 
Gai iamdudum miratus, alitem optavit, nee alio dono 
placari poterat ; tandem cupldine et dolore confectus in 
gravem morbum cecidit. Tum mater infelix Gaium vi- 
sere constituit, avem-que rogare. At Gaius ubi mulierem 
adeuntem videt, quod nihil iam cibi domi habebat, nee 
earn nuUo accipere hospitio tolerabat, victus amore ali- 
tem carissimum interfecit, coctum-que proposuit hospiti. 
Haec ubi sensit Fulvia, tali amore mitigata, Gaio tandem 
nupsit 

117. THE ROBBERS* CAVE. 

Balbus agricola, qui in silvas Hgna caesum iverat, vir- 
gultis occultus magnam manum latronum, qui adibant, 
vidit Qui dum perterritus nullum sonum edere audet, 
dux ipse latronum altissimam rupem aggressus earn dex- 
tra pulsavit, haec locutus, " Aperi te, horreum." Quibus 
verbis (mirabile dictu !) fores celatae aperiri visae sunt, 
antrum-que ingens patefieri. Inde latrones, antrum in- 
gressi, onera, quae portabant, deposuerunt, iterum-que 


94 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

regressi e conspectu discesserunt. Deinde BaJbus, qui 
tandem e latebris exire ausus est, iisdem verbis usus, 
rupem ipse pulsavit, antrum-que patefecit auro comple- 
tum et argento, quod a viatoribus raptum latrones in eo 
loco abdiderant. Quo visu attonitus sese quam maximo 
auri pondere oneravit, domum-que laetus rediit. 

118. CAUGHT BY THE ROBBERS. 

Balbo erat frater nomine Gaius, vir dives sed avarus. 
Hie de fortuna Balbi per uxorem certior factus fratrem 
carmen illud, quo antrum aperiri poterat, diris minis di- 
volgare coegit. Itaque cum tribus asinis ad rupem pro- 
fectus, verbis-que magicis usus, antrum intravit, asinosque 
auro oneravit. 

Mox autem ubi redire voluit, carminis oblitus, " Aperi 
te,'* inquit, " hordeum ; " cui voci quia fores parere nolu- 
erunt, nee carminis ipsius meminisse poterat (tantae 
enim divitiae rationem animi perturbabant) a latronibus 
brevi captus est. Hi postquam virum gladiis interfece- 
runt, corpus eius in quattuor partes divisum intra antrum 
suspenderunt. Postero autem die Balbus, qui, rem sus- 
picatus, ad locum ipse adierat, noctu membra fratris ex 
antro eripuit. 

119. TWO CAN. PLAY AT THAT GAME, 

H5c ubi cognovit dux latronum, suorum callidissimum 
rei exqulrendae causa, ad urbem misit. Qui quidem 
dum urbem pererrat, forte occurrit sartori cuidam, qui a 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 95 

Balbo iussus, fratris membra disiecta acu iunxerat (cor- 
pus enim, in quattuor partes divisum, sepeliri leges veta- 
bant). Hie, vir loquax, a latrone callide interrogatus, 
non modo rem omnem quaerenti divolgavit, sed domum 
etiam Balbi ostendit. Inde latro, postquam fores creta 
notaverat, ad antrum rediit ; noctu-que comites ad locum 
duxit. Id tamen quod latro fecerat non effugerat Balbi 
ancillam, quae consilium eius suspicata domorum vici- 
narum fores eodem modo notaverat. Latrones igitur, 
quod inimici domum cognoscere non poterant, in silvas 
irriti redierunt 

120. THE FORTY THIEVES. 

Postero die dux latronum, ad aedes Balbi ab eodem 
sartore ductus, naturam loci oculis accuratissime obser- 
vavit. Inde viginti asinos, vasis ingentibus oneratos 
paravit ; quorum unum quidem oleb implevit ; in reliqua 
tamen singula binos abdidit latrones. Deinde vesperi 
mercatorem simulans ad urbem cum asinis profectus est, 
et a Balbo, quem pro aedibus sedentem invenit, hospi- 
tium sibi suis-que petiit. A quo benigne acceptus vasa 
omnia in horto disposuit, comites-que signum silentes 
exspectare iussit. At ancilla eadem, quae, dum dux 
latronum cum domino suo cenat, fraudem perspexerat, 
oleum ex primo vase deductum, atque igne tostum, latro- 
nibus, qui in reliquis vasis latebant, iniecit omnes-que ad 
unum suffocavit. 


96 IMPERSONAL VERBS. 

IMPERSONAL VERBS. 

§ 37. Impersonal Verbs are those which can- 
not have for their Nominative a Noun or a Personal 
Pronoun. 

They are of two kinds ■— 

1 . Those which always have a Nominative, but 

it can only be (i) a Neuter Pronoun; 

(2) an Infinitive; 

(3) a Clause. 

These are libet, licet, acoidit, o5n8tat, etc. 

1. Oportet m6 abire, 

I must go (lit. // behooves me to go), 

2. SI Ulnd n5n lioet, certfi hoc lioSbit 

If that is not lawful^ at any rate this will be, 

2. Those which need have no Nominative 

expressed. 

Miseret, paenitet, piget, pudet, taedet. 

N. B. (i) The Nominative is probably in each Case 
the feeling expressed by the Verb. 

(Pndor) pudet m6. 

lam ashamed (lit. // shames me). 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 97 


(2) The Passive of all Intransitive Verbs must be 
used Impersonally. 

1. Invidetnr mihl. 
/am mvied. 

2. Pngnatum est ftoriter ab ntrbque. 
(2>^ datflg) was fought sharply on both sides. 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

121. THE WONDERFUL ISLAND. 

Merc^tor quidam, nomine Sinon, quod eum cessandi 
et nihil agendi piguit, pericula maris tentare constituit. 
Navi igitur ad Indos vectus, primo, quod procellae fluc- 
tus agitabant, gravi nausea oppressus, mortem optavit. 
Mox autem, ubi vis tempestatis mitescebat, morbum 
depulit. Faucis post diebus, dum aperto mari procul a 
portu navigatur, parvam insulam, nigro colore, haud 
multum super aquam eminentem, nautae vident. Tum 
omnes e nave egressi, hue illuc per totam insulam vagan- 
tur; tandem ignem accendere incipiunt. Subito sub 
pedibus diro sonitu insula evanuit in undas, omnes-que 
in gurgitem hausti sunt Monstrum enim marinum, quae 
nautis insula ob magnitiidinem visa est, e somno igne ex- 
citatum, in mare se mersit. Quo casu omnes nautae 
perierunt; Sinon autem, magna sustentus trabe, quam 
forte ad ignem ferebat, natando ad terram ignotam 
pervenit. 

7 


98 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

122. THE DIAMOND VALLEY. 

Sinon quidem, totum diem per loca deserta vagatus, 
omni spe reditus delectus est. At noctu, dum dormit, 
ad vallem altissimis montibus iuterclusam ingenti ave 
raptus est. Tali miraculo attonitus postero die aliquid 
etiam mirabilius vidit; tota enim vallis gemmis omata 
est. Incolae huius terrae quod in vallem descendi non 
potest, gemmas ita coUigere solent Summis de monti- 
bus camem deiciunt, quam aquilae ab ima valle in nidos 
ferunt. Inde mercatores magno clamore aves depellunt, 
gemmis-que carni adhaerentibus ipsi potiuntur. Quod 
ubi Sinon cognovit, postquam sese quam plurimis gem- 
mis oneraverat, suum corpus ad caraem alligavit, tutus- 
que magna aquila ad nidum latus est. Unde ad urbem 
propinquam facile descendit, gemmas-que magno pretio 
vendidit. 

123. THE GIANTS CAVE. 

Idem Sinon, ne his quidem divitiis contentus, Ocea- 
num iterum tentare constituit ; celeri igitur nave cum 
paucis sociis vectus, ventis adversis ad terram ignotam 
pulsus est, quam incolebant homines barbari advenis in- 
imicissimi. Hi scaphis navem aggressi, Sinonem socios- 
que duxerunt ad suum regem, gigantem immanem, 
specie horribili, qui unum modo oculum in media fronte 
positum habebat. Rex, postquam captivos omnes manu 
ingenti tractaverat, ex iis, quem pinguissimum iudicavit, 
igne tostum devoravit. Ceteri tamen, quod incaute a 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 99 

barbaris custodiebantur, eodem veru, quo comes infelix 
transfixus erat, oculum gigantis dormientis transfoderunt, 
et velis remis-que a terra inhospitali fugerunt 

124. THE ROYAL SEPULCHRE. 

Haud ita multo post secundis ventis Sinon socii-que 
ad insulam fertilem et opTmam vecti sunt. Quo in loco, 
dum Sinon studio friigum carpendarum longius a navi 
errat, a sociis infidelibus relictus est. Rex tamen huius 
insulae hospitem benigne accepit, suamque filiam, vir- 
ginem pulcherrimam, ei in matrimonium dedit. Id 
tamen minus prospere evenit; uxor enim Sinonis prox- 
imo anno mortua est. Tum cives, quod dura lege viros 
una cum uxoribus sepelire solent, Sinonem vivum cum 
uxore mortua funibus demittunt in puteum profundum, 
quo sepulcro reges illius terrae utebantur. Huic tamen 
ab omni spe salutis intercluso fortuna patefecit iter. 
Sinon enim, fame siti-que iam moriturus, volpem vidit, 
quae cadaveribus vescebatur. Quam per vias occultas 
diu secHtus, parvam rimam, qua ipsa puteum intraverat, 
tandem invenit. Inde Sinon, postquam magna vi nisus 
lapidem ingentem submoverat, se liberavit, atque ad 
oram raaritimam evasit. 

125. THE OLD MAN OF THE SEA, 

Sinon per litus quinque millia passuum vagatus, senem 
quendam in ripa fluminis sedentem invenit. Hie Sino- 
nem se trans flumen umeris transportare iussit. Itaque 


rCX) STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

Sinon, quem senis infirmi miseruit, eum in umeros sub- 
levavit, id, quod imperatum est, facturus. Senex autem, 
simul in loco firmiter sedit, cruribus coUum amplexus, 
Sinonem onus deponere prohibuit. Turn Sinon, quod 
liictari non audebat, senex enim diro amplexu eum suffo- 
cabat, dominum hue illuc per totum diem vehere coac- 
tus est. Nee nox laboris finem fecit, senex enim etiam 
dormiens captivum artius amplectebatur. Postero tamen 
die, dum iussu domini per silvam iter facit, Sinon repente 
caput senis arboris ramo, qui impendebat, maxima vi ad- 
movit. Quo ictu stupefactus senex crura laxavit, atque 
ad terram moribundus cecidit. 

126. HOW TO PICK COCO A NUTS. 

Tali periculo ita liberatus Sinon dum per silvam pedem 
refert, mercatoribus occurrit compluribus qui ad nuces 
carpendas ibant. Cum his se iungere constituit. Nuces, 
quae summis modo ramis dependent, mercatores baud 
facile carpunt, quod levis arboris truncus ascendi non 
potest. Hunc tamen modum invenerunt. Smias, quae 
plurimae silvas colunt, saxis vexant: quamobrem iUae 
iratae nuces ab arboribus direptas in mercatores deici- 
unt Sinon nucibus multis potitus, mercatores simias 
ipse captare docuit. Iussu eius vasa quaedam aquae 
plena ad imas arbores admoverunt, quibus in vasis manus 
multo cum fragore lavabant. Inde vasa eadem nigra 
pice compleverunt, discesserunt-que e loco. Simiae 
autem homines ex c5nsuetiidine imitatae, ubi manus in 
vasa imposuerunt pice retentae facile captantur. 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. ID I 

127. THE ELEPHANT'S BURIAL-PLACE. 

Haud multum ab eo loco magnus grex elephantorum 
teneris frondibus pascebatur. Quo visu perterriti, ceteri 
in fugam se dederunt, Sinon tamen, arcu armatus, post- 
quam in arborem ascenderat, celeribus sagittis maximum 
ex elephantis interfecit. A mercatoribus igitur, qui ebur 
maximi aestimant, donis oneratus est. Inde Sinon, cui 
divitiae animum addiderunt, quandam in arborem, quae 
iuxta parvum lacum crescebat, saepissime ascendebat. 
Quo consilio complures interfecit elephantos, quos bi- 
bendi causa eum locum adire oportebat. Tertio tamen 
mense, elephanti, quibus aquam sine noxia adire non 
licebat, in Sinonem universi impetum fecerunt, crebris- 
que ictibus ipsam arborem radicitus evellerunt. Inde 
virum attonitum, mortemque exspectantem, in tergum 
sublevavit dux gregis, longe-que per silvas ad eum locum 
portavit, quo sepulcro elephanti utebantur. Sinon igitur, 
qui ex mortuis elephantis satis eboris potitus est, vivis 
posthac parcebat. 

128. THE SUBTERRANEAN PASSAGE. 

Sinon dives ita factus, quod domum ad suos redire 
voluit, nactus idoneum tempus ad navigandum, e portu 
solvit. At paucos post dies coorta est saevissima tem- 
pestas, cuius violentia navis, ad scopulos appulsa, naufra- 
gium fecit. Hoc in loco aestus per latus montis 
praeruptum, alveo haud ita magno, flu minis modo volvi- 


I02 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

tur. Sinon comites-que complures dies in angusta rupe 
manebant, quod hinc vis fluctuum eos abire prohibuit, 
illinc mons altissimus nullo modo ascendi potuit. Tan- 
dem Sinon, postquam parvam ratem e trabibus navis 
fecerat, sine iillo comite se committere ausus est flumini, 
quod sub iraum montem volutum est. Inde per vias 
occultas summa celeritate vectus, quod nee iter videre 
nee cursum dirigere poterat, labore et excubiis defessus, 
gravi somno oppressus est. 

129. HOME A T LAST, 

Quo somno Sinon oppressus, duos dies omni sensu 
carebat ; tertio tamen die, ubi animum vix recepit, solem 
laetus aspexit : ratis enim, dum ipse dormit, iter pericu- 
losum confecerat, et vi fluminis vecta ad oppidum quod- 
dam, in ripa positum, advenerat Deinde cives, tali 
miraculo attoniti, Sinonem ad regem suum duxerunt. 
Hie, postquam rem omnem cognovit, quod tanta peri- 
cula plusquam humana videbantur, Sinoni, honoris causa, 
pallium purpureum auream-que coronam dan iussit, navi- 
que egregia donavit Inde Sinon, secundis ventis do- 
mum advectus, inter amicos propinquos-que reliquum 
vitae spatium tranquille peregit, nee uUo periculo post- 
hac vexatus est. 

130. MINERAL SPRINGS, 

Morcio, Icenorum regi, filius erat unicus, ingenuo voltu 
puer moribus-que suavissimis. Hunc tamen morbo gra- 


SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. I03 

vissimo affectum pater (sic enim leges iubebant), a suo 
regno in exsilium eiecerat. Inde iuvenis, quod argento 
carebat, nee ullo modo vitam sustinere poterat, vestem 
mutavit regiam, servus-que factus, agricolae cuiusdam 
sues pascebat. 

At sues paucis post diebus eodem morbo affecti tabe- 
scebant ipsi. Deinde puer, quod rem occultare voluit, 
totum gregem in silvam densiorem egit. Hunc olim, 
dum per regionem ign5tam errat, paludem transire opor- 
tebat Quam ubi viderunt sues, omnes uno impetu in 
aquas se deiciunt, quibus aquis salubribus sanabantur. 
Puer igitur sues imitatus sanus-que ipse factus, oppidum 
in eo loco condidit, quae Aquae Solis vocatae sunt. 

SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 

§ 38. The Subjunctive Mood is never used, 
like the INDICATIVE, to describe 2. fact. 

It has two principal uses. i. It may stand 
alone. 2. It may be dependent on another Verb. 

I. When it stands alone, it is used to express : 

(i) A mild Command, or Exhortation. 

Bonl sixRus, 
Let us be good, 

(2) A Wish. 

(a) Sis fSUz. 

May you be fortunate. 


104 SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. 

(d) ntinam viveretf 

Oh that he were now living! 

(r) (ntinam) 116 eum vidlssem,! 
Oh that I had not seen him ! 

(3) Doubt. 

Quid faciam? 
What am I to dof 

The Perfect Subjunctive with n6 is used, instead of 

the Imperative, to express Negative Commands of the 

Second Person. 

Ne h5c feceiis. 

Do not do this. 

Observe that nfi used in Commands, is placed first 
in its sentence ; -ne, used in Questions, is added to the 
first word. See § 14. 

II. When dependent on another Verb, the SUB- 
JUNCTIVE MopD is used to express: 

(i) Purpose. 

(a) Venit, ut videat. 

that he may see. 
in order to see. 
for the purpose of seeing. 
^ to see. 


He is comings 


{b) Abiit, n6 videret 

_^ ( that he might not see. 

He went away \ . , . , , 

f lest he should see^ etc. 


SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. IO5 

N. B. In Negative Purpose Clauses, nB is used in- 
stead of at n5n. 

(2) Result. 

Tanta erat oaedAi, at ntai5 eitugeret. 

So great was the slaughter that no one escaped. 

(3) Purpose and Doubt (with dam, d5nec, and 

quoad, meaning until). 

RIlBtious ezspeotat dam d^flnat amnis. 
Tike countryman is waiting until the river shall 
flow by {run dry). 

(Uses of the Dependent Subjunctive continued on pages 113, 
121, and 132.) 

N. B. If the Tense of the Verb in the main clause, 
is the Present, the Future, or the Future Perfect, it 
will be followed by the Present or Perfect in the de- 
pendent clause. But if the Tense of the principal Verb 
is the Imperfect, the Perfect, or the Pluperfect, it will 
be followed by the Imperfect or Pluperfect Subjunctive. 
This is called the Sequence of Tenses. 

The following ten stories require a knowledge 
of— 

Subjunctive Active and Passive of Regular and 

Irregular Verbs. 


io6 sTORties for translation. 

STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

131. T//E DONKEY'S ADVICE, 

Agricola quidam, nomine Cato, sermonem animalium 
intellexit. Hie olim bovem, qui fortunam adversam 
apud asinum querebatur, audivit. " Utinam," inquit bos, 
"mea fortuna tuae siniilis esset. Te cotidie noster 
magister diligenter curat, tibi dulcissimum cibum parat ; 
ego tamen, qui arando totum diem consumo, gramine 
vescor tenui." Cui asinus, "Tu tamen, o stultissime, 
merito haec pateris, quod iugi nimium patiens es. Ciir 
non magistro istis comibus mortem minaris? Cur non 
mugitus horrisonos edis? Hoc consiJio usus fortunam 
meliorem reddes. Cibum, quem tibi hodie servi attule- 
rint, edere noli ; eras autem, ne te aratro iungant, omni 
vi repugna." Bos id, quod imperatum est, facit. At 
magister, qui omnia audiverat, ut asinum pro consilio 
puniret, eum aratro pro bove iungi iussit. 

132. THE DONKEYS ADVICE (ConHnued), 

Vesperi, ubi asinus, labore insueto defessus, ad stabu- 
lum rediit, a comite summis laudibus acceptus est. Ille 
autem, quem prions consilii iam paenitebat, amicum ita 
monuit. "Cave, mi amice, ne istud otium tibi plus 
quam labor pristinus noceat. Nuper enim, dum ex 
agris redeo, nostrum audivi magistrum, qui te eras mac- 
tari iussit, nisi opere solito fungi velles. Ne te sine 
causa tanto periculo obtuleris." Quibus verbis perter- 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. I07 

ritus, bos, qui cultrum sacerdotis iam animo praesensit, 
gratias asino pro consilio utilissimo egit. Postero igitur 
die, ubi agricola agios iterum arare voluit, bos iugo re- 
pugnare non ausus, ipse suum coUum aratro praebuit. 

13a THE COCJC'S ADVICE. 

At magister, qui omnia audiverat, prudentia asini valde 
delectatus, risum non continuit. Quod ubi cognovit 
uxor eius, quae haud procul aberat, rem mirata, causam 
ex ipso quaesivit. Hie autem, cui sermonem animalium 
intellegere concessum erat, ea modo condicione, ut ilium 
nuUi proderet, ne fidem datam violaret, omnino tacebat. 
Quo uxor irata viro aqua et igni interdixit, dum rem 
patefacere vellet. Inde agricola, qui maestus ac ieiunus 
domum intrare non ausus est, a gallo quodam ita moni- 
tus est. " Pudet me tui, magister ; ego enim, cui viginti 
sunt uxores, omnes facillime domo, tu tamen, qui unam 
modo habes, eam regere non potes." Quod ubi audiit 
agricola, pudore motus, baculum ingens arripuit, et brevi 
uxorem ad meliora consilia flexit. 

134. TffE BOTTOM OF THE STREAM. 

Boeotius quidam, qui per terram ignotam iter faciebat, 
ad fiumen montanum, quod viam intercludebat, advenit. 
Itaque miratus quod tanta vis aquae ab una parte volve- 
batur, diu patienter exspectabat, dum deflueret amnis. 
Tandem, quod morandi eum taedebat, nee vis aquae 
omnino minuebatur, agricolam, qui forte adstabat, appel- 


108 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

■ — - - 

lavit. " Tu, quaeso,'* inquit, " v6ra mihi responde : 
imum-ne flumen firmum est?" "Nihil potest esse fir- 
mius," respondit ille. Quibus verbis confirmatus in 
aquam Boeotius desiluit. Quod tamen flumen fuit altis- 
simum, sub undis mersus, natando mortem vix effiigit. 
Tum Boeotio de fraude querenti, " Te certe," respondit 
agricola, " irasci minime decet ; tu enim imum flumen, 
quod revera firmissimum est, nondum attigisti." 

136. THE HUNCHBACK. 

Varus tibicen erat corpore informi, canendi tamen arte 
peritissimus. Hie olim ad cenam vocatus est a sartore 
quodam, qui, etsi modos tibiae quam maxime amabat, 
ipse cantare non poterat. Dum cenant, Varus, quod os 
magnum haerebat in gutture, ad terram moribundus ce- 
cidit. Inde sartor veritus ne caedis sui hospitis accusa- 
retur, amici infelicis corpus ad aedes medici cuiusdam 
clam detulit. Hic onus aedium postibus fultum reliquit. 
Prima luce, ubi medicus, vir iracundus, portas aedium 
incautus reseravit, corpus suo loco deiectum praeceps ad 
terram ruit. Quod ubi vidit medicus, re tam inopinata 
quam maxime perterritus, tibicinis cadaver in interiorem 
partem domus portavit, rem-que cum uxore, femina acris 
ingeni, communicavit. 

136. DOWN THE CmMNEY. 

Inde uxor, "N51I," inquit, "te vexare, meo tamen 
consilio titere. Hunc virum ad summum culmen aedium 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 109 

propinquarum feramus. Inde corpus in interiorem do- 
mum facile demittere poterimus." Medicus id quod 
imperatum est facit, corpus-que mortui, ut praescriptum 
est, funibus clam demittit At mercator, qui earn do- 
mum incolebat, ubi primum eam partem aedium intravit, 
quam in partem corpus demissum erat, tibicinem pro 
fure magno baculo percussit, corpus-que vi ictus ad 
terram deiecit. Inde perterritus, ne ipse de caede accu- 
saretur, cadaver ad umeros sublatum, in viam detulit. 
Tum, postquam hominem, tanquam vivum, ad murum 
applicuerat, a loco quam celerrime se recepit 


137. THE PRAETOR PUZZLED. 

Forte nauta quidam^ qui mane ad navem suam redi- 
bat, imprudens cadaver suo pede percussit. Hie autem, 
dum attonitus corpus observat, quod vi ictus deiectum 
humi iacebat, a lictoribus apud PraetSrem Urbanum 
ductus est. Qui, postquam causam audiit, nautam se- 
curi feriri iussit. Inde dum lictores securim acuunt, e 
turba circumstantium exsiluit mercator, poenam-que nau- 
tae sibi vindicavit. Praetor igitur, etsi virtute hominis 
delectatus est, quod legem neglegere noluit, nautam -e 
vinculis eximi mercatorem-que ad palum deligari iussit. 
At lictor ubi securim ad supplicium sumendum sustu- 
lerat, subito clamore motus, ictum intenmsit 


no STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 


13a BROUGHT TO LIFE, 

Inde medicus sartor-que simul locuti, se sceleris ad- 
raissi accusaverunt. Quod ubi audiit Praetor, totam rem 
sibi narrari iussit. De qua certior factus, quod rem tarn 
multiplicem explicare non poterat, omnes apud Augus- 
tum trahi iussit Augustus igitur, ne quo err5re falle- 
retur, ex suis medicis, quem peritissimum haberet, arcessi 
iussit. Hie autem, corpus tibicinis diligenter scriitatus, 
suo digito OS ex gutture viri tandem extraxit. Inde res, 
mihi quidem haud credibilis, evenisse dicitur. Tibicen 
enim, qui per hoc omne tempus mortuus esse videbatur, 
ingenti cum gemitu animum recepit, omnes-que fako 
caedis crimine ita liberavit. 


139. A DISHONEST COUPLE, 

Dar6o, Persarum regi, servus erat, nomine Lydon, 
quem maxime amabat Cui rex, ut indicium benevolen- 
tiae insigne praestaret, in matrimonium dedit puellam 
pulcherrimam, quam regina ex omnibus ancillis fidelis- 
simam habebat. Hi autem, quod suis divitiis nimis pro- 
dige utebantur, brevi pauperes facti, ut argentum ex rege 
impetrarent, hoc consilium inierunt. Prima luce vir, 
regem aggressus, tristi voltu fortunam deplorare incipit. 
<*Uxor," inquit, "mea proxima ndcte e vita discessit." 
Turn rex, quem viri infelicis miseruit, consolandi causa, 
purpureum pallium argenti-que talentum ei dari iussit 


PRESENT PARTICIPLE. Ill 

At uxor eodem tempore coniugem mortuum coram re- 
gina deplorabat. Quae, tanto dolore mota, ei vestem 
pretiosam et auri nummos quinquagintl dedit. 

140. A DISHONEST COUPLE (Continued), 

Rex igitur reginam petiit, de morte ancillae tam ama- 
tae cons5laturus. Inde regina ad regem versa, " Gratias 
tibi," inquit, ** pro benevolentia ago ; tu tamen in hoc 
erravisti, quod mea ancilla adhuc vivit, vir tamen eius 
mortuus est." Quod ubi rex credere n5luit, ut rem tam 
dubiam explicarent, ambo ad eam partem aedium, quam 
send habitabant, ire pergunt. Hue ubi pervenerunt, res 
magis in ambiguo erat, quod et vir et femina, eodem 
rogo impositi, speciem mortis praebebant. Denique rex, 
'* Hie certe mortuus est et ilia, liter tamen prior e vita 
discessit? Si quis mihi totam rem explicaverit, ei tri- 
ginta nummos aureos libenter dabo." At vir statim e 
rogo desiluit. " Mihi/' inquit, " rex magne, nummos 
redde, ego enim primus mortuus sum." 

PRESENT PARTICIPLE. 

§ 39- (0 Be careful in translating not to con- 
fuse — 

Present Participle — " flying," /. e. a flying 

person or thing. 
Present Infinitive i " flying," i. e. the act of 
Gerund \ flying. 


1 1 2 PRESENT PARTICIPLE. 

1. L6gfttl ad eum vSnSrunt qnerentes Bimul 

orantes-que. 
Ambassadors came to him ^ complaining and en- 
treating at the same time, 

2. Mai5 esse quam videri bornui. 
I prefer being to seeming good. 

(2) Notice that in Latin the Present Participle 
is always really present and is not used loosely 
as in English. 

3. Hannlbalem iter faoientem aggressas vioit 

Attacking (i. e. having attacked) Hannibal (while) 
marching, he defeated him. 

Exercise 17. 

1. Turb2 fugientium tctus, arma ad caelum toUens, 

"luppiter," inquit, "arcem iam scelere emptam 
hostes habent." 

2. Bene gerendae rei occasio data est 

3. Muros tenentium clamor auditus est. 

4. Omnes ad arma capienda excitavit. 

5. Omne inde tempus muniendls castris cdnsumptum est. 

6. Bene sentire rSctS-que facere satis est ad bene beatS- 

que vivendum. 

7. In alteram partem cohortandi causa profectus, pug- 

nantibus occurrit. 

8. Aggredientibus spes aliqua est. 

9. Post tantSs acceptis clades p^cem f ecoimt. 

10. Sequentibus efftkse turbatum hostem signum receptui 
dedit {he sounded the recall) . 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. II 3 


DEPENDENT SVBJV l^ CTIVK. — {Continuid). 

§ 40. In Dependent Clauses, cum (meaning 
when) is followed by the Imperfect and Pluperfect 
Subjunctive to denote Past Time. 

1. Cain Athbili ess em, Z6n5nem audiSbam. 
IViken I was at Athens ^ I used to hear Zeno. 

2. Cum pervenisset, ea o5gn5vit. 

When he had arrived^ he learned these facts. 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

141. MAY A MAN DO WHAT HE LIKES WITH 

HIS OWNf 

Lysander Atheniensis, cum cetera animalia satis dili- 
gebat, turn equos summo fovebat amore. Is olim, dum 
Thebas iter facit, in Boeotium quendam incidit, qui equo 
sue ob nescio quam culpam male utebatur. Quod ubi 
vidit, gravibus probris tantam crudelitatem increpuit. 
" Quid tandem id ad te attinet?'' respondit ille. " Nonne 
licet mihi equum si ita placet verberare meum ? " " Max- 
ime," inquit Lysander, " quod exemplum tu proponis, id 
ego imitabor." Haec locutus magno baculo, quod 
manu portabat, tergum eius graviter et saepe verberavit. 
" Hoc enim," inquit, " baculum meum est Noime igi-* 
tur mihi licet eo, ita ut placet, uti?" 

8 


114 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

142. THE GOOD-NATURED BOY. 

Glaucus, puer ingenio benigno, a patre missus est ad 
parvum oppidum, quod ab eo loco octo millia passuum 
aberat. Cui, dum iter facit, occurrit canis fame paene 
confectus, dextram-que lambens cibum petere visus est. 
Inde Glaucus misericordia motus, etsi ipse esuriebat, 
magnam sui cibi partem cani dedit. Cum autem paulo 
longius ivisset, hominem aspexit caecum, qui in flumen 
prolapsus movere non audebat, ne in aquam altiorem 
incideret. Glaucus igitur, etsi ipse natare non poterat, 
in aquam statim desiluit, et cum dextram caeci arripu- 
isset, eum ad ripam duxit. Inde, cum aquam e veste 
expressisset, ad oppidum quam celerrime contendit 

143. TIMELY ASSISTANCE. 

Inde Glaucus, cum iam oppido appropinquaret, in 

nautam quendam altero pede claudum incidit. Hie 
aliquid cibi ab eo petiit. Cui puer id quod reliquum 
erat panis dedit. His faciendis tantum diei consump- 
serat, ut, dum domum ex oppido redit, nocte oppressus, 
cursum tenere non posset, sed per aviam silvam erraret. 
Subito autem duo latrones, qui in silva latebant, ex in- 
sidiis prosiliunt, puerum-que raptum veste spoliare pa- 
rant. At canis fidelis, qui Glaucum totum diem secutus 
est, alterius latronis cms tam acriter momordit, ut hie 
cum gemitu puerum liberaret. Siraul vox horrenda au- 
dita e§^ clgrnantis, " En latrones illi, quos tamdiu ferro 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. II 5 

igni-que sequimur// Qua voce territi ambo diffugerunt. 
At Glaucus, ad clamorem conversus, nautam cognovit 
claudum, quem caecus ille ex umeris portabat. Hi enim 
de consiliis latronum certiores facti tempore opj)ortuno 
subsidio venerunt. 

144. THE ILL-NATURED BOY. 

Haud procul ab eo loco habitabat puer improbus, 
nomine Nero. Hie olim, dum per agros vagatur, canem 
suum ad oves quasdam vexandas, quae in prato pasce- 
bantur, incitavit. Quo perterritae omnes diffugerunt: 
at aries magnus, dux gregis, ira motus, cornu ita acriter 
canem petiit, ut is claudus tristis-que ad dominum redi- 
ret Nero autem, cum paulo longius ab eo loco proces- 
sisset, parvae puellae occurrit, quae mulctrarium, niveo 
lacte impletum, summo capite portabat. Hanc puer 
malignus salvere iussit. Deinde, cum ilia praeteriisset, 
hie conversus, eius vestigiis ingressus est. Denique su- 
bito ictu mulctrarium deturbavit, et voltum, capillos, ves- 
tem, totum corpus infelicis puellae lacte madefecit. 

145. TWO NAUGHTY TRICKS. 

Qua re valde delectatus Nero novae fraudis occasio- 
nem quaerebat Mox autem viro caeco, qui vix baculo 
gressum dirigebat, obviam ivit. Cui Nero, "Si vis," in- 
quit, "me-cum hac molli sede considere, aliquid cibi 
tibi libenter dabo." Quibus verbis eum ad locum udo 
fimo plenum duxit, et aliquid fimi, cibi specie, in os in- 


Il6 STORIES FOR TRANSLATIOK. 

serere conatus est. At caecus, qui fraudem senserat, 
digitum pueri ita acriter momordit, ut ille multis cum 
lacrimis veniam peteret Ne hac quidem poena satis 
doctus, virum quendam altero pede claudum aggressus 
est, et, cum denarium argenteum ante pedes proiecis- 
set, de terra tollere iussit. At, dum ille baculo fultus 
dextram ad denarium porrigit, hie baculum arripuit, ita 
ut ilium ad terram praecipitem deiceret. 

146. A CHAPTER OF ACCIDENTS. 

Inde Nero, cui successus animum addiderat, poma, 
quae ex arbore propinqua dependebant, rapere consti- 
tuit. Qui cum in arborem ascendisset, ab agricola viro 
iracundo captus, graviter verberatus est. Hunc post- 
quam tristis et saucius efRigit, ab ipso claudo, qui in oc- 
cult© latebat, oppressus, iterum et acrius verberatus est. 
A quo tandem liberatus, quod ambulare prae dolore non 
poterat, in equum, qui prope viam pascebatur, ascendit 
Hie tamen tali re minime delectatus currere incipit, nee 
ante e cursu destitit quam puerum e tergo deturbaverat. 
Forte ea puella qua mane tam male usus erat eum humi 
iacentem invenit. Haec quidem iniuriae suae immemor 
eum suas in aedes duxit et volnera diligenter curavit. 

147. THE ATTACK ON THE CASTLE, 

Spartacus olim prmceps earum gentium, quae trans 
Rhenum habitabant, magnam turrim baud procul a flu- 
mine aedificaverat. Inde cum suis militibus plurimas 


STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 11/ 

incursiones in agros finitimos facere solitus est, ut igni 
ferro-que omnia vastaret. Quam ob rem magnum odium 
incolarum urbis finitimae susceperat. Hi igitur, cum 
iniurias ilJius non diutius tolerare possent, universi in 
muros impetum fecerunt. Diu et acriter pugnatum est. 
Tandem princeps, quod commeatu omnino interclusus 
est, legatos ad eos de deditione misit. Cum tamen 
cives irati pacem dare vellent ea modo condicione, ut 
ipse ad supplicium traderetur, ignem turri admovere con- 
stituit, et sese sua-que omnia incendio consumere. 

148. THE ATTACK ON THE CASTLE (Continued). 

Quod ubi cognovit uxor Spartaci, femina summae con- 
stantiae, sola vallum ascendere ausa est cum hostibus 
colloquendi causa. " Nolite/' inquit, ** cives, victoriam, 
quam reportavistis, clade feminae deformare. Mihi saltem 
liceat e turri discedere cum eo modo, quod meis umeris 
portare possim." Inde cives, quod ab ilia multa bene- 
ficia acceperant, id, quod petiit, libenter concesserunt. 
Brevi autem, dum omnes adventum eius exspectant, a 
porta patefacta egressa, femina fortis ad castra hostium 
accessit cum coniuge, quem in umeros sublevatum por- 
tabat. Inde cives virtutem feminae mirati, quod fidem 
datam violare noluerunt, et coniugi et uxori pepercerunt. 

149. AN ILL-MA TCHED PAIR. 

Lupus olim cum volpe societatem coniunxit. Hanc 
igitur, quod multo infirmior erat, quodcunque ille impe- 


Il8 STORIES FOR TRANSLATION. 

ravit, facere oportebat. Aliquando, dum per silvam 
comites iter faciunt, ** Volpes carissima," inquit hipus, 
" aliquid cibi mihi quam celerrime afifer, ne, fame coac- 
tus, te ipsam devorem." " Equidem," respondit volpes 
minis perterrita, '*haud procul ab hoc loco duos agnos 
pridie conspexi, quos facillime tibi afferre potero.*' 
Cum hoc inter eos convenisset, volpes ex agnis alterum 
ab agro ad lupum portavit Deinde, ut sibi aliquid in- 
veniret, discessit. At lupus, qui brevi agnum devoravit, 
ne hoc quidem satis contentus, ut altero potiretur, ipse 
ad ovile profectus est. Is autem, quod rem incautius 
egit, a pastore captus, ita graviter verberatus est, ut cor- 
pus ad silvam vix trahere posset. 

150. GREEDINESS PUNISHED, 

Postero die lupus de suis iniuriis questus, a comite 
facti imprudentis vehementer incusatus est ; " Hodie 
tamen," inquit volpes, *' si mecum venire vis, tantum cibi, 
quantum edere poteris tibi dabo." Lupus igitur volpem 
secutus, horreum agricolae cuiusdam rima haud ita 
magna intravit. Hie, cum camis maximam copiam in- 
venissent, ambo dapibus inopinatis vesci incipiunt. Vol- 
pes autem inter edendum ad rimam cursitabat. Subito 
ingens strepitus auditus est. Panduntur portae. Irruit 
agricola cum securi ingenti armatus. Inde volpes, quae 
haud multum ederat, rima se facile eripuit ; lupus tamen 
tantum camis devoraverat, ut corpus in rima haereret. 

Agricola igitur, cum eum securi interfecisset, caput 
postibus aff ixit. Quo exemplo fures in posterum a rapi- 
nis deterruit. 


ACCUSATIVE WITH THE INFINITIVE. II9 


ACCUSATIVE WITH THE INFINITIVE. 

§ 41. In English, Verbs of saying, thinking, 
knowing, and perceiving, are sometimes followed 
by the Accusative and Infinitive. 

We supposed him to be an enemy. 
He found // to be impossible. 

In Latin, such Verbs are regularly followed by 
the Accusative and Infinitive. 

PutflmuB nrbem incolumem e^^e. 

We think that the city is safe (lit the city to be safe). 

Diz6nmt, hostes discessisse. 

They said that the etiemy had departed (lit. the enemy 

to have departed). 
Certior f actus est, GslUos oastra munire. 
He was informed that the Gauls were fortifying a 

camp (lit. Gauls to be fortifying a camp), 
8p6r5 te ventuTuia (esse). 
I hope that you will come (lit. you to be about to come) . 

N. B. Base is often omitted in the Future Infinitive. 

c venire 
DIcit mHitesK venisse. 

V ventflros ( esse ) . 

rare coming. 
He says that the soldiers X have come. 

' will come. 


I20 ACCUSATIVE WITH THE INFINITIVE. 

r venlire. 
Dixit rnXUtSsK vSniBse. 

V ventllrdB (esBe). 

rwere coming. 
He said that the soldiers < had come. 

\ would come. 

Note that the tense changes in the English translation; 
when the Verb of saying, etc., is in a past tense, al- 
though the Latin Infinitive does not change. 

In Dependent Clauses in Accusative and Infini- 
tive sentences, the Verb is put in the Subjunctive 
Mood. 

Dladt Q^rmftndB^ qui trftns Rhtaum incolerent, 
inter b6 obsidSB dare. 

Ife said that the Germans, who lived across the 
Rhine, were exchanging hostages. 

Exercise 18. 

1. Hi nuntiavenmt magnas copias undique coactas esse. 

2. Ab his cognoscit non longe ex eo loco oppidum 

abesse. 

3. Hostes se obsides datiiros polliciti sunt 

4. Cognoscit naves cursum tenere n5n potuisse. 

5. Ex omnibus partibus tela conici animadvertit. 

6. Se paratos esse demonstrant ad omnia pericula. 

7. Ex h5c proelio nostros n5n esse inferiores intellexit. 

8. Suspicati sunt Britanni nostros hue ventiirSs. 

9. Belgas a Germanis ortds esse reperiSbat. 


DEPENDENT SUBJUNCTIVE. 121 

10. Magnam partem exercitiis periisse d€monstrat. 

1 1. Satis intellegebat rem esse magni periculi. 

12. Animadvertit magnas copias hostium instructas esse. 

13. In littens scribit se cum legi5nibus celeriter venturum. 

14. Cognoscit n5n decimum quemque reliquum esse sine 

volnere. 

DEPENDENT SUBJUNCTIVE. —(C^/^Viw^^). 

Indirect Questions. 

§ 42. When a Direct Question is made depen- 
dent on a Verb of saying etc., it becomes Indirect, 
and takes the Subjunctive Mood. 

Direct Question. Indirect Question. 

Quid facit? Rogat qiiid faciat. 

What is he doing f He asks what he is doing. 

Rogftvit quid tacexet. 
He asked what he was doing. 

Quid tibi vis? C5gn5Bcit quid Bibi velit. 

What do you want 1 He is ascertaining what he 

wants, 
C5gn5vit quid Bibi vellet. 
He ascertained what he 
wanted. 

The tense of the Verb in the Indirect Question 
follows the Rule for Sequence of Tenses. Sec 
page 105. 


122 dependent subjunctive. 

Cum Causal. 

§ 43. Cum, meaning as or since^ is followed by 
the Subjunctive. 

Quae cum ita sint, disoed&muB. 
Since these things are so^ let us depart. 

Purpose Relative Clauses. 

§ 44. A Relative Clause may express purpose, 
and take the Subjunctive. 

Ezpl5rftt5rS8 praemlait, qui locum id5neum castrls 
deligexent. 

He sent scouts in advance^ to select a suitable place for 
a camp, 

QuiN Clauses. 

§ 45. After Negative Sentences, especially with 
Verbs and Expressions of Doubt and Uncertainty, 
quin is used with the Subjunctive. 

N5ii dubit5 quIn reiziat. 
/ do not doubt that he will come, 
N5n multum ftfuit, quIn interticeietux. 
(Lit. not much was lacking, but that he was killed.) 
Translate. He was very nearly killed. 


THE ARGONAUTS. 1 23 


THE ARGONAUTS. 

The celebrated voyage of the Argonauts was brought 
about asfolio7vs, Pelias had expelled his brother Aeson 
from his kingdom in Thessaly, and had attempted to take 
the life of yason^ the son of Aeson, jFason, however^ es- 
caped^ and grew up to manhood in another country. At 
last he returned to Thessaly^ and Pelias^ fearing that he 
might attempt to recover the kingdom^ sent him to fetch 
the Golden Fleece from Colchis^ supposing this to be an im- 
possible feat, yason, with a band of heroes, started in 
the ship Argo {called after Argus, its builder^, and after 
many adventures reached Colchis, Here Aeetes, king of 
Colchis y who was unwilling to give up the Fleece y set yason 
to perform what seemed an impossible task, viz,, to plough 
afield with certain fire-breathing oxen, and then to sow it 
with dragon^ s teeth, Medea, the daughter of the king, 
however, assisted yason by her skill in magic, first to per- 
form the task appointed, and then to procure the Fleece, 
Medea then fled with yason, and, in order to delay the 
pursuit of her father, sacrificed her brother Absyrtus, 
After reaching Thessaly, Medea caused the death of Pe- 
lias, and was, with her husband, expelled from Thessaly, 
They removed to Corinth, and here Medea, becoming jeal- 
ous of Glauce, daughter of Creon, caused her death by 
means of a poisoned robe. After this Medea was carried 
off in a chariot sent by the sun-god, and yason was soon 
afterwards eucidentally killed. 


124 CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 

151. THE WICKED UNCLE, 

Erant olim in Thessalia duo fratres, quorum alter Ae- 
son, alter Pelias appellatus est. Horum Aeson primum 
regnum obtinuerat ; at post paucos annos Pelias, regni 
cupiditate adductus, non modo fratrem suum expulit, 
sed etiam in animo habebat, lasonem, Aesonis filium, 
interficere. Quidam tamen ex amicis Aesonis, ubi sen- 
tentiam Peliae intellexerunt, puerum e tanto periculo 
eripere constituerunt. Noctu igitur lasonem ex urbe 
abstulerunt, et, cum postero die ad regem rediissent, ei 
renuntiaverunt, puerum mortuum esse. Pelias, cum 
haec audivisset, etsi revera magnum gaudium percipiebat, 
speciem tamen doloris praebuit, et, quae causa esset 
mortis, quaesivit. Illi tamen, cum bene intellegerent 
dolorem eius falsum esse, nescio quam fabulam de morte 
pueri finxerunt. 

162. A CARELESS SHOESTRING. 

Post breve tempus Pelias, veritus ne regnum suum 
tanta vi et fraude occupatum amitteret, amicum quen- 
dam Delphos misit, qui oraculum consuleret. lUe igitur 
quam celerrime Delphos se contulit, et, quam ob causani 
venisset, demonstravit. Respondit oraculum, ntiUum 
esse in praesentia periculum : monuit tamen Peliam, ut, 
si quis veniret calceum unum gerens, eum caveret Post 
paucos annos accidit ut Pelias magnum sacrificiura fac- 
turus esset : nuntios in omnes partes dimiserat, et certum 


THE ARGONAUTS. 12$ 

diem conveniendi dixerat. Die constitute magnus nu- 
merus hominum undique ex agris convenit : inter alios 
autem venit etiam lason, qui a puero apud Centaurum 
quendam vixerat. Dum tamen iter facit, calceum al- 
terum in transeundo nescio quo flumine amisit 

153. THE GOLDEN FLEECE. 

lason igitur, cum calceum amissum nullo modo reci- 
pere posset, altero pede nudo in regiam pervenit : quem 
cum vidisset, Pelias subito timore affectus est ; intellexit 
enim hunc esse hominem, quem oraculum demonstra- 
visset. Hoc igitur iniit consilium. Rex erat quidam 
nomine Aeetes, qui regnum Colchidis illo tempore ob- 
tinebat. Huic commissum erat vellus illud aureum, 
quod Phrixus olim ibi reliquerat. Constituit igitur Pelias 
lasoni negotium dare ut hoc vellere potiretur : cum enim 
res esset magni periculi, sperabat eum in itinere peritu- 
rum esse : lasonem igitur ad se arcessivit, et, quid fieri 
vellet, demonstravit. lason autem, etsi bene intellegebat 
rem esse difficillimam, negotium libenter suscepit 

154. THE BUILDING OF THE GOOD SHIP ARGO. 

Cum tamen Colchis multorum dierum iter ab eo loco 
abesset, noluit lason solus proficisci : dimisit igitur nun- 
tios in omnes partes, qui causam itineris docerent, et 
diem certum conveniendi dicerent. Interea, postquam 
omnia, quae sunt usui ad armandas naves, comportari 
iussit, negotium dedit Argo cuidam, qui summam scien- 


126 CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 

tiam rerum nauticarum habebat, ut navem aedificaret. 
In his rebus circiter decern dies consumpti sunt : Argus 
enim, qui operi praeerat, tantam diligentiam praebebat, 
ut ne noctumum quidem tempus ad laborem intermit- 
teret. Ad multitudinem hominum transportandam navis 
paulo erat latior quam quibus in nostro man uti consue- 
vimus, et ad vim tempestatum perferendam tota e robore 
facta est. 

155. THE ANCHOR IS WEIGHED. 

Interea ea dies appetebat, quam Jason per nuntios 
edixerat, et ex omnibus regionibus Graeciae multi, quos 
aut rei novitas aut spes gloriae movebat, undique conve- 
niebant. Tradunt autem in hoc numero fuisse Hercu- 
lem, Orpheum, citharoedum praeclarissimum, Theseum, 
Castorem et multos alios, quorum nomina notissima sunt. 
Ex his lason, quos arbitratus est ad omnia subeunda 
pericula paratissimos esse, eos ad numerum quinquaginta 
delegit, et socios sibi adiunxit : tum, paucos dies com- 
moratus, ut ad omnes casus subsidia compararet, navem 
deduxit, et, tempestatem ad navigandum idoneam nac- 
tus, magno cum plausu omnium solvit. 

166. A FATAL MISTAKE. 

Haud multum post Argonautae (ita enim appellati 
sunt, qui in ista navi vehebantur) insulam quandam no- 
mine Cyzicum attigerunt, et, e navi egressi, a rege illius 
regionis hospitio excepti sunt. Paucas boras ibi commo- 


THE ARGONAUTS. 12/ 

rati, ad solis occasum rursus solverunt : at, postquam 
pauca millia passuum progress! sunt, tanta tempestas su- 
bito coorta est, ut cursum tenere non possent, et in ean- 
dem partem insulae, unde nuper profecti erant, magno 
cum periculo deicerentur. Incolae tamen, cum nox 
esset obscura, Argonautas non agnoscebant, et, navem 
inimicam venisse arbitrati, arma rapuerunt, et eos egredi 
prohibebant. Acriter in litore pugnatum est, et rex ipse, 
qui cum aliis decucurrerat, ab Argonautis occlsus est. 
Mox tamen, cum iam dllucesceret, senserunt incolae se 
errare, et arma abiecerunt : Argonautae autem, cum 
viderent regem occisum esse, magnum dolorem perce- 
perunt. 

167. THE LOSS OF HYLAS. 

Postridie eius diei lason, tempestatem satis idoneam 
esse arbitratus (summa enim tranquillitas iam conseciita 
erat), ancoras sustulit, et pauca millia passuum progres- 
sus, ante noctem Mysiam attigit. Ibi paucas horas in 
ancoris exspectavit; a nautis enim cognoverat aquae 
copiam, quam secum haberent, iam deficere : quam ob 
causam quidam ex Argonautis, in terram egressi, aquam 
quaerebant. Horum in nuraero erat Hylas quidam, 
puer forma praestantissima ; qui, dum fontem quaerit, a 
comitibus paulum secesserat. Nymphae autem, quae 
fontem colebant, cum iuvenem vidissent, ei persuadere 
conatae sunt, ut secum maneret ; et cum ille negaret se 
hoc facturum esse, puerum vi abstulerunt. 

Comites eius, postquam Hylam amissum esse sense- 


128 CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 

runt, magno dolore affecti, diu frustra quaerebant : Her- 
cules autem et Polyphemus, qui vestigia pueri longius 
secuti erant, ubi tandem ad litus redieruut, lasonem sol- 
visse cognoverunt. 

158. DINING MADE DIFFICULT, 

Post haec Argonautae ad Thraciam cursum tenuerunt, 
et, postquam ad oppidum Salmydessum navem appule- 
rant, in terram egressi sunt. Ibi cum ab incolis quae- 
sissent, quis regnum eius regionis obtineret, certiores 
facti sunt Phineum quendam tum regem esse. Cogno- 
verunt etiam hunc caecum esse et diro quodam supplicio 
affici, quod olim se crudelissimum in filios suos praebuis- 
set. Cuius supplicii hoc erat genus. Missa erant a love 
monstra quaedam, specie horribili, quae capita virginum, 
corpora volucrum habebant. Hae volucres, quae Har- 
pyiae appellabantur, Phlneo summam molestiam affere- 
bant; quoties enim ille accubuerat, veniebant et cibum 
appositum statim auferebant. Quae cum ita essent, baud 
multum afuit quin Phineus fame moreretur. 

169. THE HARPIES BEATEN. 

Res igitur in hoc loco erant, cum Argonautae navem 
appulerunt. Phineus autem, simul atque audivit eos in 
suos fines egressos esse, magnopere gavisus est. Sciebat 
enim, quantam opinionem virtutis Argonautae haberent, 
nee dubitabat quin sibi auxilium ferrent. Nuntium igi- 
tur ad navem misit, qui lasonem sociosque ad regiam 


ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. 1 29 

vocaret. Eo cum venissent, Phineus demonstravit, 
quanto in periculo suae res essent, et promisit se magna 
praemia daturum esse, si illi remedium reperissent. Ar- 
gonautae negotium libenter susceperunt, et, ubi hora 
venit, cum rege accubuerunt ; at simul ac cena apposita 
est, Harpyiae cenaculum intraverunt, et cibum auferre 
conabantur. Argonautae primum gladiis volucres petie- 
runt ; cum tamen viderent hoc nihil prodesse, Zetes et 
Calais, qui alis instriicti sunt, in aera se sublevaverunt, 
ut desuper impetum facerent. Quod cum sensissent 
Harpyae, rei novitate perterritae, statim aufugerunt, ne- 
que postea unquam redierunt. 


ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. 

§ 46. In English we often insert a clause which 
is not altogether necessary to the sense of the sen- 
tence, but which serves either (a) to connect it 
more closely with what goes before, or (^) to 
mention some explanatory fact. 

(a) After arranging these matters, he sailed for England. 
{V) In the absence of his superior officer, he did not 
like to commence battle. 

In Latin such clauses occur very frequently. 

They usually consist of a Noun or Pronoun in 

the Ablative Case and a Participle agreeing 

with it 

9 


I30 ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE. 

Bello confecto, in prSvinciam reverU contendit. 
When the war was over (lit. the war having been 
finished), he hastened to return into the province. 

Bis initls consiliis, oppida milniiint 
After forming these plans (lit. these plans having 
been formed), they fortify the towns. 

N. B. The literal translation of the Ablative Abso- 
lute is very awkward and should be avoided. See the 
following examples. 

Omnibus e5rum vlcls aedifioUtoque incfinslB, Caesar 
exeroitum redfbdt. 

(Lit. All their villages and buildings having been 

burned, Caesar led back his army.) 
After having burned all their villages and buildings , 

Caesar led back his army. 
Having burned all their villages and buildings^ 

Caesar led bcuk his army. 
When he had burned all their villages and buildings^ 

Caesar led back his army, 
Caesar burned all their villages and buildings and 

then led bctck his army, 

Dumnoriz ft oastrls, Insoiente Caesare, disoCdere 
coepit. 

Dumnorix started to leave the camp, without Caesar's 
knowledge. 

Instead of a Participle, {a) a Noun or (V) an 
Adjective may be used to form an Ablative Ab- 


PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATIONS. I3I 

solute. The English Participle * being ' may then 
be supplied. 

(a) Te dnce, nihil tim6mus. 

M^M you as our leader (lit. you being our leader) 
we fear nothing, 
(Jb) Vento secundo, dassis in portum rediit. 

TAe wind being favorable^ the fleet returned into 
the harbor, 

PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATIONS. 

§ 47. The First or Active Periphrastic 
Conjugation is made up of the Future Active 
Participle and forms of the Verb Sum. 

The Second or Passive Periphrastic Con- 
jugation consists of the Gerundive with forms 
of the Verb Sum. 

First or Active Periphrastic Conjugation. 

amfttflrus sum. / am about to love, 

amftttlruB eram. / was about to love, 

amfttflruB er5. / shall be about to love, 
etc etc. 

Second or Passive Periphrastic Conjugation. 

amandus sum. / am to be loved, 

amanduB eram. / was to be loved, 

amandus er5. / shall deserve to be loved, 
etc. etc. 


132 DEPENDENT SUBJUNCTIVE. 

The Agent with the Passive Periphrastic Conju- 
gation is ,put in the Dative Case, 

Caesaii omnia erant agenda. 

Everything had to be done by Caesar. 

dependent subjunctive — (ow*a««^^). 
Antequam and Priusquam. 

§ 48. In Narration antequam and priusquam are 
followed by the Subjunctive in the Imperfect and 
Pluperfect tenses, but by the Indicative in other 
tenses. (Compare Rule for cum clauses.) 

Priusquam s6 hostes ex terr5re reciperent, in 
fines Suessi5num exercitum dfbdt. 

Before the enemy recovered from fright, he led his 
army into the territory of the Suessiones. 

Indefinite Antecedent. 

§ 49. When a Relative clause refers to an Indef- 
inite Antecedent, the Verb is in the Subjunctive. 

Nemo est qui nesciat. 
There is no one, who does not know. 
Sunt qui n5n credant. 
There are some tvho do not believe. 


THE ARGONAUTS. 1 33 

160. THE SYMPLEGADES. 

Hoc facto, Phineus, ut pro tanto beneficio meritas 
gratias referret, lasoni demonstravit, qua ratione Symple- 
gades vitare posset. Symplegades autem duae erant 
rupes ingenti magnitudine, quae a love positae erant eo 
consilio, ne quis ad Colchida perveniret. Hae parvo 
intervallo in mari natabant et, si quid in medium spatium 
venerat, incredibili celeritate concurrebant. Postquam 
igitur a Phineo doctus est quid faciendum esset, lason, 
sublatis ancoris navem solvit, et leni vento provectus, 
mox ad Symplegades appropinquavit : tum in prora stans 
columbam, quam in manu tenebat, emisit. Ilia recta via 
per medium spatium volavit, et, priusquam rupes con- 
flixerunt, incolumis evasit, cauda tantum amissa. Tum 
rupes utrinque discesserunt ; antequam tamen rursus 
concurrerent, Argonautae, bene intellegentes omnem 
spem salutis in celeritate positam esse, summa vi remis 
contenderunt, et navem incolumem perduxerunt. Hoc 
facto, dis gratias libenter egerunt, quorum auxilio e tanto 
periculo erepti essent : bene enim sciebant non sine 
auxilio deorum rem ita feliciter evenisse. 

161. A HEAVY TASK, 

Brevi intermisso spatio, Argonautae ad flumen Phasim 
venerunt, quod in finibus Colchorum erat. Ibi cum 
navem appulissent et in terram egressi essent, statim ad 
regem Aeetem se contulerunt, et ab eo postulaverunt, ut 


134 CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 

vellus aureum sibi traderetur. Ille cum audivisset, quam 
ob causam Argonautae venissent, ira commotus est, et 
diu negabat se vellus traditurum esse. Tandem tamen, 
quod sciebat lasonem non sine auxilio deorum hoc ne- 
gotium suscepisse, mutata sententia, promisit se vellus 
traditurum, si lason labores duos difficillimos prius per- 
fecisset; et, cum lason dixisset, se ad omnia pericula 
subeunda paratum esse, quid fieri vellet, ostendit. Pri- 
mum iungendi erant duo tauri specie horribili, qui flam- 
mas ex ore edebant; turn, his iunctis, ager quidam 
arandus erat, et dentes draconis serendi. His auditis, 
lason, etsi rem esse summi periculi intellegebat, tamen, 
ne banc occasionem rei bene gerendae amitteret, nego- 
tium suscepit. 

162. THE MAGIC OINTMENT. 

At Medea, regis filia, lasonem adamavit, et, ubi audivit 
eum tantum periculum subiturum esse, rem aegre ferebat. 
Intellegebat enim patrem suum hunc laborem proposuisse 
eo ipso consilio, ut lason moreretur. Quae cum ita 
essent, Medea (quae summam scientiam medicinae ha- 
bebat) hoc consilium iniit. Media nocte clam patre ex 
urbe evasit; et, postquam in montes finitimos venit, 
herbas quasdam carpsit ; tum, suco expresso, unguentum 
paravit, quod vi sua corpus aleret nervosque confirmaret. 
Hoc facto, lasoni unguentum dedit: praecepit autem, 
ut eo die, quo isti labores conficiendi essent, corpus 
suum et arma mane oblineret. lason, etsi paene omnes 
magnitudine et viribus corporis antecellebat (vita enim 


THE ARGONAUTS. 135 

omnis in venationibus atque in studiis rei militaris con- 
stiterat), censebat tamen hoc consilium non negligendum 
esse. 

163. SOWING THE DRAGON'S TEETH. 

Ubi is dies venit, quem rex ad arandum agrum edixe- 
rat, lason, orta luce, cum sociis ad locum constitutum se 
contub't. Ibi stabulum ingens repperit, in quo tauri in- 
clusi erant : turn, portis apertis, tauros in lucem traxit, et 
summa cum difficultate iugum imposuit. At Aeetes, 
cum videret tauros nihil contra lasonem valere, magno- 
pere miratus est ; nesciebat enim filiam suam auxilium ei 
dedisse. Tum lason, omnibus aspicientibus, agrum 
arare coepit; qua in re tantam diligentiam praebuit, ut 
ante meridiem totum opus confecerit. Hoc facto, ad 
locum, ubi rex sedebat, adiit, et dentes draconis postu- 
lavit : quos ubi accepit, in agrum, quem araverat, magna 
cum diligentia sparsit. Horum autem dentium natura 
erat talis ut, in eo loco ubi insiti essent, viri armati miro 
quodam modo gignerentur. 

164. A STRANGE CROP, 

Nondum tamen lason totum opus confecerat : impera- 
verat enim ei Aeetes, ut armatos viros, qui e dentibus 
gignerentur, solus interficeret. Postquam igitur omnes 
dentes in agrum sparsit, lason, lassitudine exanimatus, 
quieti se tradidit, dum viri isti gignerentur. Paucas 
horas dormiebat ; sub vesperum, tamen, e somno subito 
excitatus, rem ita evenisse, ut praedictum erat, cognovit : 


136 CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 

nam in omnibus agri partibus viri ingenti magnitudine 
corporis, gladiis galeisque armati, minim in modum e 
terra oriebantur. Hoc cognito, lason consilium, quod 
dederat Medea, non omittendum esse putabat; saxum 
igitur ingens (ita enim praeceperat Medea) in medios 
viros coniecit Illi undique ad locum concurrerunt, et 
cum quisque sibi id saxum (nescio cur) habere vellet, 
magna controversia orta est. Mox, strictis gladiis, inter 
se pugnare coeperunt, et, cum hoc modo plurimi occisi 
essent, reliqui volneribus confecti a lasone nullo negotio 
interfecti sunt. 

166. FLIGHT OF MEDEA. 

At rex Aeetes, ubi cognovit lasonem laborem propo- 
situm confecisse, ira graviter commotus est : intellegebat 
enim id per dolum factum esse, nee dubitabat quin Me- 
dea auxilium ei tulisset. Medea autem, cum intellegeret 
se in magno fore periculo, si in regia mansisset, fuga 
salutem petere constituit. Omnibus igitur ad fugam 
paratis, media nocte, insciente patre, cum fratre Absyrto 
evasit, et quam celerrime ad locum, ubi Argo subducta 
erat, se contulit. Eo cum venisset, ad pedes lasonis se 
proiecit, et multis cum lacrimis obsecravit eum, ne in 
tanto discrimine mulierem desereret, quae ei tantum pro- 
fuisset. Ille, quod memoria tenebat se per eius auxilium 
e magno periculo evasisse, libenter eam excepit, et, post- 
quam causam veniendi audivit, hortatus est, ne patris 
iram timeret. Promlsit autem, se quam primum eam in 
nave sua avecturum. 


THE ARGONAUTS. 1 37 

166. SEIZURE OF THE FLEECE, 

Postridie eius diei, lason cum sociis suis, orta luce, 
navem deduxit, et tempestatem idoneam nacti, ad eum 
locum remis contenderunt, quo in loco Medea vellus ce- 
latum esse demonstravit. Eo cum venissent, lason in 
terram egressus est, et, sociis ad mare relictis, qui prae- 
sidio navi essent, ipse cum Medea in silvas viam cepit. 
Pauca millia passuum per silvam progressus, vellus, quod 
quaerebat, ex arbore suspensum vidit. Id tamen auferre 
res erat summae difficultatis : non modo enim locus ipse 
egregie et natura et arte munitus erat, sed etiam draco 
quidam, specie terribili, arborem custodiebat. At Medea, 
quae, ut supra demonstravimus, medicinae summam 
scientiam habuit, ramum, quem ex arbore proxima deri- 
puerat, veneno infecit. Hoc facto, loco appropin- 
quavit, et draconem, qui faucibus apertis adventum 
exspectabat, veneno sparsit : proinde, dum draco somno 
oppressus dormit, lason vellus aureum ex arbore deri- 
puit, et cum Medea quam celerrime pedem rettulit. 

167. BACK TO THE ARGO. 

Dum tamen ea geruntur, Argonautae, qui ad mare re- 
licti erant, animo anxio reditum lasonis exspectabant : 
bene enim intellegebant, id negotium summi esse peri- 
culi. Postquam igitur ad occasum solis frustra exspecta- 
verant, de eius salute desperare coeperunt, nee dubitabant 
quin aliqui casus accidisset. Quae cum ita essent, matu- 


13^ CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 

randum sibi censuerunt, ut auxilium duci ferrent : et, 
dum proficisci parant, lumen quoddam subito conspici- 
unt, mirum in modum inter silvas refulgens : et magno- 
pere mirati quae causa esset eius rei, ad locum concumint. 
Quo cum venissent, lasoni et Medeae advenientibus oc- 
currerunt, et vellus aureum luminis eius causam esse cog- 
noverunt. Omni timore sublato, magno cum gaudio 
ducem suum exceperunt, et dis gratias libenter rettulerunt, 
quod res ita feliciter evenisset. 

168. PURSUED BY THE ANGRY FATHER. 

His rebus gestis, omnes sine mora navem rursus con- 
scenderunt, et, sublatis ancoris, prima vigilia solverunt : 
neque enim satis tutum esse arbitrati sunt, in eo loco 
manere. At rex Aeetes, qui iam ante inimico in eos 
fuerat animo, ubi cognovit, filiam suam non modo ad 
Argonautas se recepisse, sed etiam ad vellus auferendum 
auxilium tulisse, hoc dolore gravius exarsit. Navem 
longam quam celerrime deduci iussit, et, militibus impo- 
sitis, fugientes insecutus est. Argonautae, qui bene scie- 
bant rem in discrimine esse, summis viribus remis 
contendebant : cum tamen navis, qua vehebantur, ingenti 
esset magnitudine, non eadem celeritate, qua Colchi, 
progredi poterant. Quae cum ita essent, minimum afuit 
quin a Colchis sequentibus caperentur, neque enim lon- 
gius intererat quam quo telum adici posset. At Medea, 
cum vidisset, quo in loco res essent, paene omni spe de- 
posita, infandum hoc consilium cepit. 


THE ARGONAUTS. 139 


169. A FEARFUL EXPEDIENT. 

Erat in nave Argonautarum filius quidam regis Aee- 
tae, nomine Absyrtus, quern, ut supra demonstravimus, 
Medea, ex urbe fugiens, secum abduxerat. Hunc pue- 
rum Medea constituit interficere, eo consilio ut, membris 
eius in mare coniectis, cursum Colchorum impediret : 
pro certo enim sciebat, Aeetem, cum membra fili vidis- 
set, non longius prosecuturum esse : neque opinio earn 
fefellit : omnia enim ita evenerunt, ut Medea speraverat. 
Aeetes, ubi primum membra vidit, ad ea coUigenda 
navem statui iussit : dum tamen ea geruntur, Argonautae, 
non intermisso remigandi labore, mox (quod necesse 
fuit) e conspectu hostium remoti sunt, neque prius fugere 
destiterunt quam ad flumen Eridanum pervenerunt. At 
Aeetes, nihil sibi profuturum esse arbitratus, si longius 
progressus esset, animo demisso domum revertit, ut fili 
corpus ad sepulturam daret. 

170. THE BARGAIN WITH PELIAS. 

Tandem post multa pericula, lason in eundem locum 
pervenit, unde olim profectus erat. Tum e navi egressus 
ad regem Peliam (qui regnum adhuc obtinebat), statim 
se contulit, et, vellere aureo monstrato, ab eo postulavit, 
ut regnum sibi traderetur : Pelias enim pollicitus erat, si 
lason vellus rettulisset, se regnum ei traditurum. Post- 
quam lason, quid fieri vellet, ostendit, Pelias primum 
nihil respondit, sed diu in eadem tristitia tacitus perman- 


140 CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 

sit : tandem ita locutus est. " Vides me aetate iam esse 
confectum, neque dubium est quin dies supremus mihi 
adsit. Liceat igitur mihi, dum vivam, hoc regnum obti- 
nere ; tum, postquam ego e vita discessero, tu in meum 
locum venies." Hac oratione adductus, lason respon- 
dit se id facturum, quod ille rogasset. 

171. BOILED MUTTON. 

His rebus cognitis, Medea rem aegre tulit et regni 
cupiditate adducta, constituit mortem regi per dolum in- 
ferre. Hoc constitute, ad filias regis venit atque ita 
locuta est. "Videtis patrem vestrum aetate iam esse 
confectum neque ad laborem regnandi perferendum satis 
valere. Voltis-ne eum rursus iuvenem fieri?" Tum filiae 
regis, his auditis, ita responderunt. " Num hoc fieri 
potest ? Quis enim unquam e sene iuvenis fact us est ? " 
At Medea respondit, **Scitis me medicinae summam 
habere scientiam. Nunc igitur vobis demonstrabo quo- 
modo haec res fieri possit." His dictis, cum arietem, 
aetate iam confectum, interfecisset, membra eius in vas 
aeneum posuit, et, igne supposito, aquae herbas quasdam 
infudit. Tum, dum aqua effervesceret, carmen magicum 
cantabat. Post breve tempus aries e vase exsiluit et viri- 
bus refectis per agros currebat. 

172. A DANGEROUS EXPERIMENT 

Dum filiae regis hoc miraculum stupentes intuentur, 
Medea ita locuta est. "Videtis quantum valeat raedi- 


THE ARGONAUTS. I41 

cina. Vos igitur, si voltis patrem vestxum in adulescen- 
tiam reducere, id, quod feci, ipsae facietis. Vos patris 
membra in vas conicite ; ego herbas magicas praebebo." 
His auditis, filiae regis consilium, quod dederat Medea, 
non omittendum putaverunt : patrem igitur Peliam neca- 
verunt, et membra eius in vas aeneum coniecerunt ; nihil 
enim dubitabant quin hoc maxime ei profuturum esset. 
At res omnino aliter evenit ac speraverant : Medea enim 
non easdem herbas dedit, quibus ipsa usa erat. Itaque, 
postquam diu frustra exspectaverunt, patrem suum revera 
mortuum esse intellexerunt. His rebus gestis, Medea 
sperabat, se cum coniuge suo regnum accepturam esse : 
at cives, cum intellegerent quomodo Pelias periisset, 
tantum scelus aegre tulerunt : itaque, lasone et Medea e 
regno expulsis, Acastum regem creaverunt. 


173. A FATAL GIFT. 

Post haec lason et Medea, e Thessalia expulsi, ad 
urbem Corinthum venerunt, cuius urbis Creon.quidam 
regnum turn obtinebat. Erat autem Creonti filia una, 
nomine Glauce ; quam cum vidisset, lason constituit 
Medeam uxorem suam repudiare, eo consilio, ut Glaucen 
in matrimonium duceret. At Medea, ubi intellexit quae 
ille in animo haberet, ira graviter commota, iureiurando 
confirmavit, se tantam iniuriam ulturam. Hoc igitur 
consilium cepit Vestem paravit summa arte contextam 
et variis coloribus tinctam : banc diro quodam infecit 
veneno, cuius vis talis erat, ut, si quis eam vestem indu- 


142 CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 

isset, corpus eius quasi igne ureretur. Hoc facto, vestem 
ad Glaucen misit : ilia autem, nihil mali suspicans, donum 
libenter accepit, et vestem novam (more feminarum) 
statim induit. 


174. FLIGHT OF MEDEA AND DEA TH OF JASON. 

Vix vestem induerat Glance, cum dolorem gravem per 
omnia membra sensit, et post paulum diro cruciatu 
affecta e vita excessit. His rebus gestis, Medea, furore 
atque amentia impulsa, filios suos necavit : tum magnum 
sibi fore periculum arbitrata, si in Thessalia maneret, ex 
ea regione fugere constituit. Hoc constituto, Solem ora- 
vit, ut in tanto periculo auxilium sibi praeberet. Sol 
autem, his precibus commotus, currum quendam misit, 
cui dracones, alis instructi, iuncti erant. Medea non 
omittendam tantam occasionem arbitrata, currum con- 
scendit, itaque per aera vecta, incolumis ad urbem Athe- 
nas pervenit. lason autem post breve tempus rairo 
modo occisus est. Ille enim (sive casu sive consilio 
deorum) sub umbra navis suae, quae in litus subducta 
erat, olim dormiebat At navis, quae adhuc erecta ste- 
terat, in eam partem, ubi lason iacebat, subito delapsa 
virum infelicem oppressit. 


ULYSSES. 143 


ULYSSES. 

Ulysses^ a celebrated Greek hero, took a prominent part 
in the long siege of Troy. After the fall of the city, he 
set out with his followers on his homeward voyage to 
lihcua, an island of which he was king; but, being driven 
out of his course by northerly winds, he was compelled to 
touch at the country of the Lotus Eaters, who are sup» 
posed to have lived on the north coast of Libya (Africa), 
Some of his comrades were so delighted with the lotus 
fruit that they wished to remain in the country, but Ulys^ 
ses compelled them to embark again, and continued his 
voyage. He next came to the island of Sicily, and fell 
into the hands of the giant Polyphemus, one of the Cyclops, 
After several of his comrades had been killed by the mon- 
ster, Ulysses made his escape by stratagem, and next 
reached the country of the Winds. Here he received the 
help of ASolus, king of the winds, and, having set sail 
again, arrived within sight of Ithcua ; but, owing to the 
folly of his companions, the winds became suddenly ad- 
verse, and they were again driven back. They then 
touched at an island occupied by Circe, a powerful enchan- 
tress, who exercised her charms on the companions of 
Ulysses, and turned them into swine. By the help of the 
god Mercury, Ulysses himself not only escaped this fate, 
but forced Circe to restore her victims to human shape. 
After staying a year with Circe, Ulysses again set out, 
and eventually reached his home. 


144 CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 


176. HOMEWARD BOUND. 

Urbem Troiam a Graecis decern annos obsessam esse, 
satis constat : de hoc enim bello Homerus, maximus 
poetarum Graecorum, Iliadem, opus notissimum, scripsit. 
Troia tandem per insidias capta, Graeci, longo bello fessi, 
domum redire maturaverunt. Omnibus igitur ad profec- 
tionem paratis naves deduxerunt, et, tempestatem ido- 
neam nacti, magno cum gaudio solverunt. Erat inter 
primos Graecorum Ulixes quidam, vir summae virtutis 
ac prudentiae, quem dicunt nonnuUi dolum istum excogi- 
tasse, per quem Troiam captam esse constat. Hie reg- 
num insulae Ithacae obtinuerat et, paulo ante-quam cum 
reliquis Graecis ad bellum profectus est, puellam formo- 
sissimam nomine Penelopen in matrimonium duxerat. 
Nunc igitur, cum iam decem annos quasi in exsilio con- 
silmpsisset, magna cupidine patriae et uxoris videndae 
ardebat. 

176. THE LOTUS EATERS. 

Postquam tamen pauca millia passuum a litore Troiae 
progressi sunt, tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut nulla 
navium cursum tenere posset, sed aliae alias in partes 
disicerentur. Navis autem, qua ipse Ulixes vehebatur, 
vi tempestatis ad meridiem delata, decimo die ad litus 
Libyae appulsa est. Ancoris iactis, Ulixes constituit 
nonnullos e sociis in terram exponere, qui aquam ad 
navem referrent, et qualis esset natura eius regionis cog- 
noscerent. Hi igitur e navi egressi imperata facere para- 


ULYSSES. 145 


bant. Dum taraen fontem quaerunt, quibusdam ex 
incolis obviara facti ab iis hospitio accept! sunt. Accidit 
autem ut victus eorum hominum e miro quodam fructu, 
quem lotum appellabant, paene omnino constaret. Quem 
cum Graeci gustassent, patriae et sociorum statim obliti, 
se confirmaverunt semper in ea terra mansuros ut dulci 
illo cibo in aetemum vescerentur. 

177. THE LOTUS EATERS (Continued). 

At Ulixes, cum ab hora septima ad vesperum exspec- 
tasset, veritus ne socii sui in periculo versarentur, 
nonnullos e reliquis misit, ut, quae causa esset morae, 
cognoscerent. Hi igitur in terram exposili ad vicum 
(qui non longe afuit) se contulerunt : quo cum venissent, 
socios suos quasi vino ebrios reppererunt : turn ubi causam 
veniendi docuerunt, iis persuadere conabantur, ut secum 
ad navem redirent. Illi tamen resistere ac manu se de- 
fendere coeperunt, saepe clamitantes se nunquam ex eo 
loco abituros. Quae cum ita essent, nuntii re infecta ad 
Ulixem redierunt. His rebus cognitis, Ulixes ipse cum 
omnibus, qui in nave relicti sunt, ad locum venit; et 
socios suos frustra hortatus, ut sponte sua redirent, mani- 
bus eorum post terga vinctis, invitos ad navem reportavit. 
Tum, ancoris sublatis, quam celerrime e portu solvit. 

17a THE ONE-EYED GIANT 

Postridie eius diei, postquam totam noctem remis con- 

tenderant, ad terram ignotam navem appulerunt: tum^j 

10 


146 CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 

quod naturam eius regionis ignorabat, ipse Ulixes cum 
duodecim e sociis in lerram egressus, locum explorare 
constituit. Paulum a litore progressi, ad antrum ingens 
pervenerunt, quod habitari senserunt : eius enim intro- 
itum arte et manibus munitum esse animadverterunt. 
Mox, etsi intellegebant se non sine periculo id facturos, 
antrum intraverunt : quod cum fecissent, magnam copiam 
lactis invenerunt in vasis ingentibus conditam. Dum 
tamen mirantur quis eam sedem incoleret, sonitum terri- 
bilem audiverunt, et, oculis ad portam versis, monstrum 
horribile viderunt, humana quidem specie et figura, sed 
ingenti magnitudine corporis. Cum autem animadver- 
tissent, gigantem unum tantum oculum habere in media 
fronte positum, intellexerunt hunc esse unum e Cyclopi- 
bus, de quibus famam iam acceperant 


179. THE GIANT'S SUPPER. 

Cyclopes autem pastores erant quidam, qui insulam 
Siciliam et praecipue montem Aetnam incolebant : ibi 
enim Volcanus, praeses fabrorum et ignis repertor, (cuius 
servi Cyclopes erant) officinam suam habebat 

Graeci igitur, simul ac monstrum viderunt, terrore 
paene exanimati in interiorem partem speluncae refuge- 
runt, et se ibi celare conabantur. Polyphemus autem 
(ita enim gigas appellatus est) pecora sua in speluncam 
egit; turn cum saxo ingenti portam obstruxisset, ignem 
in medio antro accendit Hoc facto, oculo omnia per- 
Ji4$t|:^at, et^ cum sensisset homines in interiore parte 


ULYSSES. 147 


antri celari, magna voce exclamavit. "Qui estis homi- 
nes? Mercatores an latrones?*' Tum Ulixes respon- 
dit, se neque mercatores esse neque praedandi causa 
venisse : sed, e Troia redeuntes, vi tempestatum a recto 
cursu depulsos esse : oravit etiam ut sibi sine iniuria ab- 
ire liceret. Tum Polyphemus quaesivit, ubi esset navis, 
qua vecti essent; Ulixes autem, cum bene intellegeret 
sibi maxime praecavendum esse, respondit navem suam 
in rupes coniectam et omnino perfractam esse. Poly- 
phemus autem, nullo dato responso, duo e sociis manu 
corripuit, et, membris eorum divolsis, camem devorare 
coepit 

180. NO WAY OF ESCAPE. 

Dum haec geruntur, Graecorum animos tantus terror 
occupavit, ut ne vocem quidem edere possent, sed, omni 
spe salutis deposita, mortem praesentem exspectarent. 
At Polyphemus, postquam fames hac tam horribili cena 
depulsa est, humi proslratus somno se dedit. Quod cum 
vidisset Ulixes, tantam occasionem rei bene gerendae 
non omittendam arbitratus, in eo erat ut pectus monstri 
gladio transfigeret. Cum tamen nihil temere agendum 
existimaret, constituit explorare, antequam hoc faceret, 
qua ratione ex antro evadere possent. At cum saxum 
animadvertisset, quo introitus obstructus erat, nihil sibi 
profuturum intellexit, si Polyphemum interfecisset. Tanta 
enim erat eius saxi magnitudo, ut ne a decem quidem 
hommibus amoveri posset Quae cum ita essent, Ulixes 
hoc destitit conatu, et ad socios rediit; qui, cum Intel- 


148 CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 

lexissenty quo in loco res essent, nulla spe salutis oblata, 
de fortunis suis desperare coeperunt Ille tamen, ne 
animos demitterent, vehementer hortatus est : demon- 
stravit se iam antea e multis et magnis periculis evasisse, 
neque dubium esse quin in tanto discrimine dii auxilium 
allaturi essent. 

181. A PLAN FOR VENGEANCE. 

Orta luce, Polyphemus iam e somno excitatus idem 
quod hestemo die fecit ; correptis enim duobus e reliquis 
viris, caraem eorum sine mora devoravit Tum, cum 
saxum amovisset, ipse cum pecore suo ex antro pro- 
gressus est : quod cum viderent Graeci magnam in spem 
venerunt, se post paulum evasuros. Mox tamen ab hac 
spe repulsi sunt : nam Polyphemus, postquam onmes 
oves exierunt, saxum in locum restituit. Reliqui, omni 
spe salutis deposita, lamentis lacrimisque se dediderunt : 
mixes vero qui (ut supra demonstravimus), vir niagni 
fuit consili, etsi bene intellegebat rem in discrimine esse, 
nondum omnino desperabat. Tandem, postquam diu 
toto animo cogitavit, hoc cepit consilium. E lignis quae 
in antro reposita sunt, palum magnum delegit : hunc 
summa cum diligentia praeacutum fecit; tum postquam 
sociis, quid fieri vellet, ostendit, reditum Polyphemi 
exspectabat. 

182. A GLASS TOO MUCH, 

Sub vesperum Polyphemus ad antrum rediit, et eodem 
modo quo antea cenavit. Tum Ulixes utrem vini 


ULYSSES. 149 


prompsit, quern forte (ut in talibus rebus accidere con- 
suevit) secum attulerat, et, postquam magnam crateram 
vino replevit, gigantem ad bibendum provocavit. Poly- 
phemus, qui nunquam antea vinum gustaverat, totam 
crateram statim hausit ; quod cum fecisset, tantam volup- 
tatem percepit, ut iterum et tertium crateram repleri 
iusserit. Tum cum quaesivisset quo nomine Ulixes ap- 
pellaretur, ille respondit se Neminem appellari : quod 
cum audivisset, Polyphemus ita locutus est, "Hanc tibi 
gratiam pro tanto beneficio referam ; te ultimum omnium 
devorabo." His dictis, cibo vinoque gravatus recubuit 
et post breve tempus somno oppressus est. Tum Ulix- 
es sociis convocatis, " Habemus," inquit, " quam petii- 
mus facultatem : ne igitur tantam occasionem rei bene 
gerendae omittamus." 

183. NOBODY. 

Hac oratione habita, postquam extremum palum igne 
calefecit, oculum Polyphemi, dum dormit, flagrante ligno 
transfodit : quo facto, omnes in diversas speluncae partes 
se abdiderunt. At ille, subito illo dolore, quod necesse 
fuit, e somno excitatus, clamorem terribilem sustulit, et, 
dum per speluncam errat, Ulixi manum inicere cona- 
batur : cum tamen iam omnino caecus esset, nullo modo 
hoc efficere potuit. Interea reliqui Cyclopes, clamore 
audito, undique ad speluncam convenerunt, et, ad intro- 
itum adstantes, quid Polyphemus ageret, quaesiverunt, et 
quam ob causam tantum clamorem sustulisset. Ille re- 
spondit se graviter volneratum esse, et magno dolore 


ISO CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 

affici : cum tamen ceteri quaesivissent, quis ei vim intu- 
lisset, respondit ille, Neminem id fecisse : quibus auditis, 
unus e Cyclopibus, " At si nemo," inquit, " te volneravit, 
baud dubium est quin consilio deorum (quibus resistere 
nee possumus nee volumus) hoc supplicio afficiaris/' 
His dictis, abierunt Cyclopes, eum in insaniam incidisse 
arbitrati. 

184- ESCAPE. 

At Polyphemus, ubi socios suos abiisse sensit, furore 
atque amentia impulsus, Ulixem iterum quaerere coepit : 
tandem cum portam invenisset, saxum, quo obstructa 
erat, amovit, ut pecus ad agros exiret. Tum ipse in in- 
troitu sedit, et, ut quaeque ovis ad locum venerat, tergum 
eius manibus tractabat, ne viri inter oves exire possent. 
Quod cum animadvertisset Ulixes, hoc iniit consilium ; 
bene enim intellexit omnem spem salutis in dolo magis 
quam in virtute poni. Primum tres, quas vidit pinguis- 
simas, ex ovibus delegit: quas cum inter se viminibus 
conexuisset, unum sociorum ventribus earum ita subiecit, 
ut omnino lateret : deinde oves hominem secum ferentes 
ad portam egit. Id accidit, quod fore suspicatus erat. 
Polyphemus enim, postquam manus tergis earum impo- 
suit, oves praeterire passus est. Ulixes, ubi rem ita 
feliciter evenisse vidit, omnes suos socios ex ordine 
eodem modo emisit; quo facto, ipse ultimus evasit. 


"ULYSSES. 1 5 1 


186. OUT OF DANGER. 

His rebus ita confectis, Ulixes cum sociis, maxime 
veritus ne Poljrphemus fraudem sentiret, quam celerrime 
ad litus contendit : quo cum venissent, ab iis, qui navi 
praesidio relicti erant, magna cum laetitia accepti sunt 
Hi enim, cum animis anxiis iam tres dies reditum eorum 
in horas exspectavissent, eos in periculum grave incidisse 
(id quod erat) suspicati, ipsi auxiliandi causa egredi para- 
bant. Tum Ulixes, non satis tutum esse arbitratus, si in 
eo loco maneret, quam celerrime proficisci constituit. 
lussit igitur omnes navem conscendere, et, ancoris sub- 
latis, paulum a litore in altum provectus est. Tum 
magna voce exclamavit, " Tu, Polypheme, qui iura hos- 
piti spemis, iustam et debitam poenam immanitatis tuae 
solvisti." Hac voce audita, Polyphemus, ira vehementer 
commotus, ad mare se contuUt, et, ubi intellexit navem 
paulum a litore remotam esse, saxum ingens manu 
correptum in eam partem coniecit, unde vocem venire 
sensit. Graeci autem (etsi minimum afuit quin submer- 
gerentur), nullo accepto damno, cursum tenuerunt. 

186. THE COUNTRY OF THE WINDS. 

Pauca millia passuum ab eo loco progressus, Ulixes 
ad insulam quandam, nomine Aeoliam, navem appulit. 
Haec patria erat Ventorum. 

" Hie vasto rex Aeolus antro 
Luctantes ventos tempestatesque sonoras 
Impcrio premit ac vinclis et carcere frenat." 


152 CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 

Ibi rex ipse Graecos hospitio accepit, atque iis persuasit, 
ut ad recuperandas vires paucos dies in ea regione com- 
morarentar. Septimo die, cum socii e laboribus se 
recepissent, UHxes, ne amii tempore a navigatione ex- 
duderetur, sibi sine mora proficiscendum statuit. Turn 
Aeolus, qui bene sciebat eum maxime cupidum esse 
patriae videndae, UHxi iam profecturo magnum dedit 
saccum e corio confectum, in quo ventos omnes praeter 
unum induserat Zeph3nrum tantum praetermiserat, quod 
ilium ventum ad Ithacam navigando idoneum esse scie- 
bat Ulixes hoc donum libenter accepit, et, gratiis pro 
tanto beneficio relatis, saccum ad malum ligavit. Tum, 
omnibus ad profectionem parads, meridiano fere tempore 
e porta solvit. 


187. THE WIND-BAG. 

Novem dies vento secundissimo cursum lenuerunt : 
iam-que in conspectum patriae suae venerant, cum Ulix- 
es lassitudine confectus (ipse enim manu sua gubema- 
bat) ad quietem capiendam recubuit. At socii, qui 
iamdudum mirabantur, quid in illo sacco inclusum esset, 
cum viderent ducem somno oppressum esse, tantam oc- 
casionem non omittendam arbitrati sunt : credebant enim 
auruni et argentum ibi celari. Itaque, spe lucri adducti, 
saccum sine mora solverunt : quo facto, venti, 

" Velut agmine facto 
Qua data porta ruun^" et terras turbine perflant." 


ULYSSES. 153 


Exteraplo tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut illi cursum 
tenere non possent, sed in eandem partem, unde erant 
profecti, referrentur. Ulixes, e somno excitatus, quo in 
loco res esset statim intellexit : saccum solutum, Ithacam 
post tergum relictam vidit : turn vero maxima indigna- 
tione exarsit, sociosque obiurgabat, quod, cupiditate pe- 
cuniae adducti, spem patriae videndae proiecissent. 


188. DRAWING LOTS. 

Brevi intermisso spatio, Graeci insulae cuidam appro- 
pinquaverunt, quam Circe, filia Solis, incolebat. Ibi cum 
navem appulisset, Ulixes in terram frumentandi causa 
egrediendum esse statuit; cognoverat enim frumentum, 
quod in nave haberent, iam deficere. Sociis igitur ad se 
convocatis, quo in loco res esset et quid fieri vellet, os- 
tendit. Cum tamen omnes in memoria tenerent, quam 
crudeli morte occubuissent ii qui nuper in patriam Cy- 
clopum egressi essent, nemo repertus est, qui hoc nego- 
tium suscipere vellet. Quae cum ita essent, res ad 
controversiam deducta est. Tandem Ulixes, consensu 
omnium, socios in duas partes divisit, quarum alteri Eu- 
rylochus, vir summae virtutis, alteri ipse praeesset : tum 
hi duo inter se sortiti sunt, uter in terram egrederetur. 
Hoc facto, Eurylocho sorte evenit, ut cum duobus et 
viginti sociis rem susciperet. 


154 CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 


189. THE HOUSE OF THE ENCHANTRESS, 

His rebus ita constitutis, ii, qui sorte ducti erant, in in- 
terioreni partem insulae profecti sunt. Tantus tamen 
timor animos eorum occupaverat, ut nihil dubitarent quin 
morti obviam irent : vix quidem poterant ii, qui in nave 
relicti erant, lacrimas tenere : credebant enim se socios 
suos nunquam iterum visuros. Illi autem aliquantum 
itineris progressi, ad villam quandam pervenerunt, summa 
magnificentia aedificatam : cuius ad ostium cum adiis- 
sent, carmen dulcissimum audiverunt. Tanta autem fuit 
eius vocis dulcedo, ut nuUo modo retineri possent quin 
ianuam pulsarent. Hoc facto, ipsa Circe foras exiit, et 
summa cum benignitate omnes in hospitium invitavit. 
Eurylochus insidias comparari suspicatus, foris exspectare 
constituit : at reliqui, rei novitate adducti, intraverunt. 
Convivium magnificum invenerunt omnibus rebus instruc- 
tum ; et iussu dominae libentissime accubuerunt. At 
Circe vinum, quod servi apposuerunt, medicamento quo- 
dam miscuerat : quod cum illi bibissent, gravi sopore su- 
bito oppressi sunt. 

190. MEN TO PIGS, 

Tum Circe, quae artis magicae summam scientiam 
habebat, baculo aureo, quem gerebat, capita eorum teti- 
git : quo facto, omnes in porcos subito conversi sunt. 
Interea Eurylochus ignarus, quid in aedibus ageretur, ad 
ostium sedebat ; postquam tamen ad solis occasum anxio 


ULYSSES. 1 55 


animo et sollicito exspectaverat, solus ad navem regredi 
constituit. Eo cum venisset, anxietate ac timore ita per- 
turbatus fuit ut, quae vidisset, vix lucide narrare posset. 
At mixes satis intellexit, socios suos in periculo versari, 
et, gladio correpto, Eurylocho imperavit, ut sine mora 
viam ad istam domum monstraret. Ille tamen multis 
cum lacrimis Ulixem complexus, obsecrare coepit, ne 
in tantum periculum se committeret : Si quid gravius ei 
accidisset omnium salutem in summo discrimine futuram. 
Ulixes autem respondit, se neminem invitum secum ad- 
ducturum : ei licere, si mallet, in nave manere : se ipsum 
sine ullo auxilio rem suscepturum. Hoc cum magna 
voce dixisset, e navi desiluit, et, nuUo sequente, solus in 
viam se dedit. 

191. THE COUNTER CHARM. 

Aliquantum itineris progressus, ad villam magnificam 
pervenit, quam cum oculis perlustrasset, statim intrare 
statuit : intellexit enim banc esse eandem, de qua Eury- 
locbus mentionem fecisset. At cum in eo esset ut limen 
transiret, subito obviam ei stetit adulescens forma pul- 
cherrima, aureum baculum manu gerens. Hie Ulixem 
iam domum intrantem manu corripuit et, "Quo ruis?" 
inquit, " Nonne scis banc esse Circes domum ? Hie in- 
clusi sunt amici tui, ex bumana specie in porcos conversi. 
Num vis ipse in eandem calamitatem venire ? " Ulixes 
simul ac vocem audivit deum Mercurium agnovit : nullis 
tamen precibus ab institute consilio deterreri potuit ; 
quod cum Mercurius sensisset, herbam quandam ei de- 


156 CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 

dit, quam contra carmina maxitiie valere dicebat. 
"Hanc cape," inquit, "et ubi Circe te baculo tetigerit, 
tu, stricto gladio, impetum in earn vide ut facias." His 
dictis Mercurius 

** MortSles visus medio sermone reliquit, 
£t procul in tenuem ex oculis evanuit auram." 


192. THE ENCHANTRESS FOILED. 

Brevi intermisso spatio, Ulixes, ad omnia pericula 
subeunda paratus, ostium pulsavit, et, foribus patefactis 
ab ipsa Circe benigne exceptus est. Omnia eodem 
modo atque antea facta sunt. Cenam magnifice instruc- 
tam vidit, et accumbere iussus est. Mox, ubi fames cibo 
depulsa est, Circe poculum aureum vino repletum Ulixi 
dedit. Ille, etsi suspicatus est venenum sibi paratum 
esse, poculum exhausit : quo facto, Circe, postquam 
caput eius baculo tetigit, ea verba locuta est, quibus 
Bocios eius antea in porcos converterat. Res tamen om- 
nino aliter evenit atque ilia speraverat. Tanta enim vis 
erat eius herbae quam dederat Mercurius, ut neque ve- 
nenum neque verba quidquam efficere possent. Ulixes 
autem, sicut iusserat Mercurius, gladio stricto, impetum 
in eam fecit, et mortem minitabatur. Turn Circe, cum 
sensisset artem suam nihil valere, multis cum lacrimis 
eum obsecrare coepit, ne vitam adimeret 


ULYSSES. 157 


103. PIGS TO MEN. 

Ulixes autem, ubi sensit earn timore perterritam esse, 
postulavit, ut socios sine mora in humanam speciem re- 
duceret, (certior enim factus erat a deo Mercuric eos in 
porcos converses esse) : nisi id factum esset, ostendit se 
debitas poenas sumpturum. At Circe, his rebus graviter 
commota, ad pedes eius se proiecit, et multis cum lacri- 
mis iureiurando confirmavit se, quae ille imperasset, om- 
nia facturam : tum porcos in atrium immitti iussit. lUi, 
dato signo, imierunt, et, cum ducem suum agnovissent, 
magno dolore aflfecti sunt, quod nuUo modo potuerunt 
eum de rebus suis certiorem facere. Circe tamen un- 
guento quodam corpora eorum unxit ; quo facto, omnes 
post breve tempus in speciem humanam redditi sunt. 
Magno cum gaudio Ulixes amicos agnovit, et nuntium 
ad litus misit, qui reliquis Graecis socios receptos esse 
diceret. Illi autem, his rebus cognitis, statim ad domum 
Circeam se contulerunt ; quo cum venissent omnes uni- 
versi laetitiae se dediderunt. 

194. AFLOAT AGAIN. 

Postridie eius diei, Ulixes in animo habebat ex insula 
quam celerrime discedere : Circe tamen, cum haec cog- 
novisset, ex odio ad amorem conversa, omnibus precibus 
eum orare et obtestari coepit, ut paucos dies apud se 
moraretur: et, hoc tandem impetrato, tanta beneficia in 
eum contulit ut facile ei persuasum sit, ut diutius maneret. 


IS8 CONSECUTIVE STORIES. 

Postquam tamen totum annum apud Circen consump- 
serat, Ulixes magno desiderio patriae suae videndae mo- 
tus est. Sociis igitur ad se convocatis, quid in animo 
haberet ostendit. Ubi tamen ad litus descendit, navem 
suam tempestatibus ita afliictam invenit, ut ad navigan- 
dum paene inutilis esset. Hac re cognita, omnia, quae 
ad naves reficiendas usui sunt, comparari iussit : qua in 
re tantam diligentiam omnes praebebant, ut ante tertium 
diem opus confecerint. At Circe, ubi vidit omnia ad 
profectionem parata esse, rem aegre ferebat, et Ulixem 
vehementer obsecrabat, ut eo consilio desisteret Ille 
tamen, ne anni tempore a navigatione excluderetur, matu- 
randum sibi existimavit, et tempestatem idoneam nactus 
navem solvit. Multa quidem pericula Ulixi subeunda 
erant antequam in patriam suam perveniret : quae tamen 
in hoc loco longum est perscribere. 


NOMINATIVE. — GENITIVE. — DATIVE. 1 59 
THE CASES. 

The Nominative. 
(a) Subject of a Finite Verb. 

Pner venit, TA^ boy is coming, 

{b) Predicate Nominative. 

CaroluB erat honus puer, Charles was a good boy. 

The GENmvE. 
(df) Of Possession. 

PuBTi UbrI, TIu boy's books, 

{b) Of Material. 

Argent 1 talentum, A talent of silver, 

{c) Of Quality. 

Vir magnae virtntis, A man of great valor. 

(d) Objective Genitive. 

Amor gloriae, Love of glory. 

(e) Partitive Genitive. 

PaucI militum, A few of the soldiers. 

(/) Wi^h Impersonal Verbs. 

Pudet me tui, I am ashamed of you. 

(g) Of Price (Unfixed Value). 

Qnanti emi potest? jffow much is it? 
{h) With Adjectives. 

P16nu8 irae, Full of anger. 

The Dative. 

(a) Of the Indirect Object. 

Puero p5mum dat, He gives {to) the boy an 

apple. 

(b) With " Cui " Verbs. 

Servo parcit, Ife spares the slave. 


l60 THE CASES. 


(c) With Compounds. 

Brflttun navibns px&e-ilfe put Brutus in com- 
fecit, ( mand of the ships. 

(d) With Adjectives. 

Militibns grfttum fult, // was pleasing to the 

soldiers. 

(e) Of Possession. 

Est xxiihi frater, / have a brother. 

(/) Of Purpose. 

Magno usni nostrlis fuit, It was of great service to 

our men. 
(g) Of Agency. 

H5o mihi faciendum est, / must do this. 


The Accusative. 

(a) Direct Object of a Verb. 

Gladinm strinzit, jffie drew his sword. 

(^) Double Accusative. 

Me sententiam rogftvit, He ashed me my opinion. 

{c) Of Duration of Time. 
Multos annos caectis 
f uit, Ife was blind many years. 

(d) Of Extent of Space. 

Aberat odd millia 

pasBuum, It was eight miles distant. 

(<?) After Prepositions. 

Trans Rhennm incolunt, They live across the Rhine. 


VOCATIVE. — ABLATIVE. l6l 

(/) Subject of an Infinitive. 

Dl±LtS0 venturam(eBBe), He said that hewouldcome, 
{g) Limit of Motion. 

V6nit ad AjnBXic&m, He came to America. 

The Vocative. 
Of the Person Addressed. 
O form5ae puer, O beautiful boy. 

The Ablative. 

(a) Of Sieparation. 

M6 izzeta llberftbis, You will free me from fear. 

(b) Of Cause, Manner, Means or Instrument. 
Volneribus o6DieotuBiIle was exhausted by 

est, ( wounds, 

(c) Of Agent 

Oppidum a Caesare i The town was taken by 
expflgnftttim est, ( Caesar. 

(d) Of Accompaniment. 

Ctun legidnibns fifi-iHe crossed the river with 
men transiit, ( his legions, 

(e) Of Source. 

Ortl sunt a 6 regibns, They were descended from 

kings, 

(f) Of Comparison. 

Accipiter est minor ( The hawk is smaller than 
aqnila, \ the eagle, 

(g) Of Degree of Difference. 

Panels post diebus, {By) a few days after. 


II 


1 62 THE CASES. 


{h) Of Quality. 

Singuluii viTtute vlr, A man of remarkable 

bravery. 
(/) OfPrice (Fixed Value). 

Id dMohus talentisiHe bought it for two tal- 
6mit, ( ^nts, 

(/) Of Specification. 

Maior 22a ta. Older (Yit, greater by birth). 

{k) With Deponents ator etc. 
Ea, c on dicion e flsuB 

est, ^^ accepted these terms. 

(I) Time When or Within Which. 

Postero die. On the following day. 

PsLUcis diebus. Within a few days. 

{m) With Prepositions. 

Sine niia dnbitatione. Without any doubt. 

(n) Ablative Absolute. 

Dato slgno mllites iAt the signal the soldiers 
impetum fgcCrunt, ( charged. 

{0) Place Where. 

R6x in oppidb habitabat, The king dwelt in the town. 

{p) Place From Which. 

VCnit ex nrbe, He came from the city, 

(q) Equivalent to Partitive Genitive. 

PaucI e militibus, A few of the soldiers. 


VOCABULARY. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


abl. = ablative . 
ace. = accusative. 
adj. = adjective. 
adv. = adverb. 
c. = common gender. 
cf. (confer) = compare. 
comp. = comparative. 
conj. = conjunction. 
dat. = dative. 
def . = defective. 
demon. = demonstrative. 
f . = feminine. 
gen. = genitive. 
impers. = impersonal. 
indecl. = indeclinable. 


indef. = indefinite. 

inter j. = interjection. 

interrog. = interrogative. 

m. = masculine. 

n. = neuter. 

num. = numeral, 

part. = participle. 

pass. :=. passive. 

pi. z=plurcU. 

poss. = possessive. 

prep. = preposition, 

pron. — pronoun^ proftominal. 

reflex. = reflexive. 

rel. = relative. 

superl. = superlative. 


Direct or indirect derivatives from the Latin as well as cognate 
words, which are also definitions, are printed in small capitals. 
Derivatives and cognates, which are not definitions, are printed in 
Gothic Italic and included within parentheses. 


VOCABULARY. 


fl or ab, prep. w. aW., anvay fronts 
by. 

ab-d5, 3, -didi, -ditum, hide^ con- 
ceal, Cf. cel6. 

ab-dflc5, 3, -duxl, -ductum, lead 
atvay^ take away^ ABDUCT. Cf. 
au-fero. 

ab-e5, -Ire, -ivi, or -il, -itum, go 
from, go away, depart. 

ab-ici5, 3, -iecf, -iectum, [iacio], 
throw away. 

ab-nu5, 3, •ui, -uitum or -utum, 
[nuo = nod\^ refuse ^ reject. Cf. 
recuse. 

ab-sorbe5, 2, -bul, -ptum, [sorbeo 
— suck />i], swallow y devour y ab- 
sorb. 

abstinentia, -ae, f., [abstined], 

ABSTINENCE. 

ab8-tine5, 2, -ui, -tentum, [teneo], 

keepfrom^ ABSTAIN. 
abs-trahd, 3, -traxT, -tractum, drag 

away, withdraw. 
ab-sum, -esse, afuT, be away, be 

ABSENT, be distant. 
ab-8Uin5, 3, -mpsi, -mptum, take 

awayt carry off, r^«-suME. 
AbsyrtuB, -1, m., Absyrtus, 

brother of Medea. 
Abulus, -1, m., Abulus. 
ab-and5, i, -avT, -atum, [unda], 

oi'erjlow^ abound. 


ftc, conj., and. After Idem or 

simul, ac = aj; after aliter, He 

= than. See atque. 
AcastuB, -I, m., Acastus, son of 

Pelias. 
ac-c6d5, 3, -cessl, -cessum, [ad], 

approach, draw near. {Awew). 

Cf. appropinqu5. 
ac-oend5, 3, -dl, -censum, [ad -|- 

(-cendo) = kindle^ set on fire, 

kindle J inflame. Cf. incendd. 
ac-oid5, 3, -cidi, [ad -h cado], hap- 
pen. {Accident). Cf. incidd, 

evenio. 
ac-cipid, 3, -cepi, -ceptum, [ad -f- 

capio], receive, ACCEPT. 
accipiter, -tris, m., falcon, hawk. 
ac-cumb6, 3, -cubul, -cubitum, 

[ad H- (-cum bo) = lie], sit down 

at the table, 
accflratus, -a, -um, adj., [ad-f 

cura], exact, ACCURATE. 
ac-ctlsS, I, -avl, -atum, [ad -f 

causa]. ACCUSE. 
Slcer, aci is, acre, adj., sharp, keen, 

bitter, fiery y ACRID. 
acerbus, -a, -um, adj., [acer], bitter. 
aoervuB, -T, m., heap. 
ftcriter, adv., [acer], sharply. 
acuo, 3, -ui, -utum, sharpen. 
acuB, -us, f., needle. 
acfituB, -a, -um, adj., [acu5], 


AD 


i66 


AEOLIA 


sharps intelligent^ ACUTE. Cf. 

acer. 
ad, prep. w. ace, to^ towards^ 

near, at, 
ad-am5, i, -avi, -atum, love deeply^ 

fall in love with, 
ad-d5, 3, -did!, -ditum, add. 
ad-dflo5, 3, -duxi, ductum, bring 

to, con-DUCT, in-DVCE. 
ad-e5, -Ire, -ivi or -ii, -itum, go to, 

approach, 
ad-haere5, 2, -haesl, -haesum, 

stick, clingy ADHERE. 

ad-hibe5, 2, -ui, -itum, [habe5], 

apply to, employ. 
ad-hdc, adv., hitherto, up to this 

time, still. 
ad-iaoe5, 2, -cm, adjoin. {Ad- 
jacent). 
ad-ioi5, 3, -iecl, -iectum, [iacio], 

hurl, throw. 
ad-im5, 3, -eml, -emptum. [emo], 

take away. Cf. aufero, eripio. 
ad-iving5, 3, -iunxi, -iunctum, at- 
tach, JOIN. {Adjunct), 
adiutor, -oris, m., [ad -f- iuvo], 

helper. 
AdmCtus, •!, m , Admetus. 
ad-mitt5,3,-misi,-missum, admit, 

allow, com^yiiT. Cf . commltto. 
ad-moned, 2, -ui, -itum, ivarn, 

advise. {Admonition). 
ad-move5, 2, -ni5vi, -m5tum, 

dring to, apply. 
ad-orior, 4, -ortus, {rise up 

against), attack. Cf. aggredior. 
ad-80rlbd, 3, -scrips!, -scriptum, 

enroll. 
ad-8t5, I, -stiti, stand at or near. 

Cf. adsum. 
ad-8um, -esse, -ful (affui), be 

present, stand by. 


adulSsoCriB, -entis, c, (adolesco 
z=. grow), a youth, young person. 
Cf. iuvenis. 

adaltUB, -a, -urn, part., (adolesco 
= grozv), grown up, ADULT. 

ad-flr5, 3, -tissi, -ustum, liir5 = 
burn], bum, scorch, 

ad-vehd, 3, -vexT,-vectum, carry ; 
pass. ride. 

advena, -ae, c.,[2i^vtmo\,stranger. 

ad-venid, 4, -veni, -ventum, come 
to, arrive at, Cf. pervenio. 

adventus, -us, m., [advenio], ar- 
rival, advent. 

adversariuB, •!, m., [adversus], 

ADVERSARY. 

adversus, -a, -um, adj., (part, of 
adverto), opposite, contrary, 

ADVERSE. 

adversus, prep. w. ace, [advert5], 

towards, against. 
ad-voc5, I, -avi, -atum, call to, 

summon, invite, (Adoocate), 
aedis, or aedSs, -is, f., sing. 

building, temple ; pi. house. Cf . 

aedificium, domus, tectum. 
aedifioium,-!, n., [aedific5]>2^/A/- 

ing, house, EDIFICE. Cf. aedes, 

domus. 
aedificd, i, -avi, -atum, [aedis -f 

facio], build. 
AeStSs, -ae, m., Aeetes, father of 

Medea. 
aeger, aegra, aegrum, adj., sick, 

weak, feeble, ill. 
aegrS, adv., [aeger], badly, with 

difficulty; SLCgriierre, be annoyed. 
Aegyptus, -1, f., Egypt. 
aCneus, -a, -um, adj., [aes], of 

bronze or copper, Cf. aeratus. 
Aeolia, -ae, f., Aeolia, island 

near Sicily. 


AEOLUS 


167 


ALLICIO 


Aeolus, -T, m., Aeolus, king of 

the winds. 
aequ5, i, -avT, -atum, [aequus], 

EQUAL. 

aequus, -qua, -quum, adj., equal, 

eveiiy level J fair ^ just. Cf. par. 
a6r, aeris, ace aera and aerem, 

m., AIR. Cf. aura, ventus. 
aerSLtUB, -a, -um, adj., [aes], of 

bronze or copper. Cf . aeneus. 
fterius, -a, -um, adj., [aer], aerial. 
Aes5n,-onis, m., Aeson, father of 

Jason. 
aestSs, -atis, f.. summer. 
aestim5, i, -avi, -atum, valuer 

ESTIMATE. 

aestus, -us, m., iidet ^f<^' 
aetfts, -atis, f., age, time of life. 
aeternus, -a, um, adj., eternal ; 

in aeternum =yb?*^z'^. 
Aetna, -ae, f., Aetna, mountain 
_ in Sicily. 

Afer, -fra, -frum, adj., African. 
af-fero, -ferre, attulT, allatum, 

[ad], ^ring^ ^ff^^- ^f- apporto. 
af-fici5, 3, -feci, -factum, [ad + 

facio], affect, infttience^ afflict. 

Cf. affllcto. 
af-flg5, 3, -Ixl. -ixum, [ad -h figo = 

fix], fasten to, AFFIX 
af-flict5, I, -a VI, -atum, [afHigo], 

tosSf veXf torment, AFFLICT. Cf . 

afficid. 
af-fllg5, 3, -ixI, -ictum, [ad + 

(-filgo) = dash\y dash against y 

shatter. Cf. illido. 
Africa, -ae, f., Africa. 
ager, -gri, m., field, land, country. 

Cf. arvum. 
ag-gredior, 3, -gressus, [ad + gra- 

dior = step], approach ^ attack. 

(Aggreaaiue). Cf. adorior. 


agit5, I, -avT, -atum, [ag5], drivr, 

toss, rouse, AGITATE. 

ftgmen, -inis, n., [ag5], army, line 

of march. Cf. exercitus. 
9gii5sc5, 3 -novi, -nitum, [ad-f- 

( g )n6sc6] , recogfiize, know. Cf . 

cognosco. 
ftgnuB, -i, m., lamb, 
agS, 3, egi, actum, drive, lead, ACT, 

do, keep, conduct, perform, treat 

about ; agere gratias = return 

thanks ; age = come, Cf . diic5. 
agricola, -ae, m., [ager + col5], 

farmer. {Agriculture). Cf. co- 
lon us. 
Sla, -ae, f., zmng. Cf. penna. 
alacer, -cris, -ere, adj., brisk, active, 

(Alacrity). 
AlbertuB, -1, m., Albert. 
albuB, -a, -um, adj., white, Cf. 

candidus. 
ftlea, -ae, f., a die ; pi. dice. 
ftleB, -itis, c, bird. Cf. avis. 
AlfreduB, -T, m., Alfred. 
aliquand5, adv., [alius + quand5 

= some time], at some time or 

other, now and then, once. Cf. 

5Iim. 
ali-quantum, -!, n., [alius], x^xw^- 

what. 
ali-quiB, -qua, -quid (-quod), 

indef. pron., [alius], some one, 

some, 
ali-quot, indecl. adj., [alius], 

several. 
alitor, adv., [alius], otherwise; 

aiiter 2lC = otherwise than. 
alius, -a, -ud, adj., other, another, 

different; alius. . . 2X\ms= one 

. . . another, Cf. alter. 
al-lJci5, 3, -lexT, -lectum, [ad-f 

(-lacio) ■=. allure], entice. 


ALLIGO 


l68 


APPETO 


al-lig5, I, -a VI, -atum, [ad], bind, 
C£. constringo, delig5. 

al-loquor, 3, -locutus, [ad], ad- 
dress, 

almu8,-a,-um,adj., [2X0]^ pleasant ^ 
kind. 

al5, 3, alui, altum and alitum, 
nourish, maintain. 

alter, -era, -erum, adj., one {of 
two), the other y the second ; alter 
. . . alter = M^ one . . .the other. 
Cf. alius. 

altum, -i, IL, [altus], the sea, the 
deep, Cf. mare. 

altus, -a, -um, adj., \z\Q\,high, deep. 
{Attitude). 

alveua, -T, m., river-bed. 

ambiguuB, -a, -um, adj., [ambi- 
= «r/»//«</-|- ag5], doubtful, AM- 
BIGUOUS; in ambigu6=2wa//^^ 
in mystery. 

ainb5, -ae, -o, num. adj., both. 

ainbul5. i, -avi, -atum, z(/^/&. 

ftmentia, -ae, f., [a4-mens = (7M/ 
of on^s mind], madness. 

amicus, -1, m , [amo], friend. 
{Amicable). 

ft-mitt5, 3, -misi, -mtssum, send 
away, let go, lose. Cf. perdo. 

amnis, -is, m., river. Cf. flumen. 

amd, I, -avi, -atum, love, like, 

amor, -oris, m., [amo], love. Cf. 
benevolentia. 

fl-move5, 2, -m5vi, -motum, re- 
move. Cf. abduco, aufero, aveho. 

amphora, -ae, i.,jar. 

ampleotor, 3, -exus, embrace. 
Cf. complector. 

amplezus, -us, [amplector], m., 
embrace. 

an, conj., or (used in the second 
clause of Double Questions). 


anas, -atis, f ., duck. 
anatioula, -ae, f., [anas], duckling. 
ancilla, -ae, f., maid-servant, 
anoora, -ae, f., anchor. 
anguis, -is, c, snake. Cf. serpens, 
angustus, -a, -um, adj., narrow. 
animad-vert5, 3, -vertT, -versum, 

[animus H- ad -f verto], turn the 

mind to, observe. 
animal, -alis, n., [anima = ^^tfM], 

ANIMAL. 

animdsus, -a, -um, adj , [animus], 
full of courage, bold, spirited, 

animus, -I, m., mind, spirit, 
courage. Cf. mens. 

annus, -1, x(i.,year. {Annual), 

SUiser, -eris, m., goose, 

ante, prep. w. ace, before, 

anteft, adv., [ante], before. 

ante-cello, 3, [-cello = tower\, 
surpass, excel. 

ante-quam, conj., before, 

antlquus, -a, -um, adj., [ante], old, 
ancient. { A ntiquity ) . 

antrum, -!, n., cave. Cf . spelunca. 

anus, -us, f., old woman. 

SUudetSs, -atis, f , anxiety. 

ftnzius, -a, um, adj., anxious. 

aper, -prT, m., wild boar. 

aperi5, 4, -eruT, -ertum, uncover, 
open, show. {Apetture). 

apertus, -a, -um, adj., [part, of 
aperio], open. 

Aplcius, -I, m , Apicius. 

Apoll5, -inis, m., Apollo. 

ap-p&reo, 2, -ui, -itum, [adJ, ap- 
pear. 

ap-pell5, 1, -avi, -atum, [ad], call, 
address Cf. voco. 

ap-pell5, 3, -pull, -pulsum, [ad], 
dash against ,• come to land, land. 

ap-pet5, 3, -ivi, or -ii, -Itum, [ad], 


APPLICO 


169 


ASTROLOGUS 


draw near. Cf. accedd, appro- 

pmqu5. 
ap-plic5, I, -avT and -ul, -atum, 

[ad + plico = fold]^ fasten. 

{Application), 
ap-p5no, 3, -posuT, -positum, [ad], 

put on the table. 
ap-port6, I, -avi, -atum, [ad], 

carry, bring to, Cf . affero. 
ap-propliiqu5, i, -avi, -atum, 

[ad •+- prope = near], draw near, 

approach. Cf. acced5, appeto. 
apt5, I, -avi, -atum, [aptus], /tt, 

adjust. 
aptoB, -a, -um, zA\., fitted, suitable, 

APT. 

apud, prep. w. ace, cU, near, in the 

presence of, among. 
aqua, -ae, f ., water ; pi. = mineral 

springs. (Aquatic). 
aquila, -ae, f., eagle. 
arSltrum, -1, n., [arc], plough. 
arbitrium, -1, n., [arbiter =/udge], 

judgment, decision, ARB itration. 
arbitror, i,-atus, [arbiter =/«<^<f], 

consider, think, judge Cf . cogito, 

existimo, puta, sentio. 
arbor, -oris, f., tree. 
area, -ae, f., [arceo], chest, strong- 
box. 
arced, 2. -cul, -ctum, keep off. 
arcessd, 3, -Tvi, -itum, [accedo], 

send for, fetch, summon. 
arcus, -us, m., bow. (Arc). 
&rde5, 2, arsl, arsum, be on fire, 

bum. (Arson) 
Ardor, -oris, m., [ardeo],y?r^, heat, 

ARDOR. 

arduus, -a, -um, adj., steep, difi- 

cult, ARDUOUS. 

argenteus. -a, -um, adj., [argen- 
tum|, silver. 


argentum, -T, n., silver. 

Arg5, -us, ace. Argo, f., the Argo, 
Jason's ship. 

Argonautae, -arum, m., the Ar- 
gonauts, the crew of the 
Argo. 

Argus, -!, m., Argus, the builder 
of the Argo. 

ariSs, -ietis, m., ram. 

arista, -ae, f., ear of corn. 

arma, -orum, n., arms, weapons. 

annentum, •!, n., [aro], herd. 

arm5, i, -avi, -atum, [arma], equip, 

ARM. 

ar5, I, -avi, -atum, plough. 

(Arable). 
ArpI, -orum, m., Arfi, a town in 

Italy. 
ar-ripi5, 3, -ripul, -reptum, [ad + 

rapio], snatch, grasp. Cf. cor- 

ripio. 
ars, artis, f., art, skill. 
artus, -a, -um, Sid]., fight. 
arvum, -1, n., [zxb], ploughed land, 

field. Cf. ager. 
arz, arcis, f., citadel. 
fts, assis, m., a copper coin (value 

nearly 2 cents) . 
a-scend5, 3, -scendi, -scensum, 

[ad + scand6 = r//w^], climb up, 

mount, ASCEND Cf. conscendS. 
a-scisc5, 3, -Tvi, -Itum, [ad -f sclsco 

= approve] , adopt, admit. 
asinus, -I, m., donkey. 
asper, -era, -erum, adj., rough. 
a-spicio, 3, -spexl, -spectum, [ad 

-f specie], see, behold, look at. 

Cf. cSnspicio, video. 
assentStor, -oris, xa., flatterer. 
assiduus, -a, -um, adj., [ad + 

sedeo], constant, assiduous. 
astrologus, -1, m., astrologer. 


AT 


170 


BELLUM 


at, conj., hut. C£. autem, sed. 
AthSnae, -arum, f., Athens. 
Atheni6nsi8, -e, adj , [Athenae], 

Athenian. 
at-que, (used before vowels and 

consonants ; ac, before conso- 
nants only), [ad + que], and too^ 

and alsoy and. Cf. et, -que. 
Strium, -1, n., halL 
atr5z, -ocis, adj., [2iitr ■=. black], 

fierce, terrible, ATROCIOUS. 
at-tinet,-ujt,impers., [ad + teneo], 

it matters f it concerns, 
at-ting5, 3, -tigl, -tactum, [ad + 

tango], touchy reach, arrive at. 
at-tonitU8, -a, -um, adj., [ad + 

tono = thunder], thunderstruck^ 

astonished. 
at-trecto, i, -avi, -atum, [ad -|- 

tracto], touch, handle. 
auctor,-6ris, m.,[auge6] .author, 

cause. 
auctdritfts, -atis, f., [auctor], au- 
thority, influence. 
audScia, -ae, f., [audax], boldness, 

daring, AUDACITY. 
audSLz, -acis, adj., [aude5], bold, 

daring, AUDACIOUS. 
aude5, 2, ausus, dare. 
audio, 4, -ivl or -ii, -itum, hear, 

listen to, ( A udience ) . 
au-fer5, au-ferre, abs-tuli, ab- 

latum, [ab(s)], carry off. Cf. 

abduc5, amoveo, aveho. 
au-fugi5, 3, fugi, [ab], run away, 

escape. Cf. effugio. 
Augustus, -I, m., Augustus. 
aura, -ae, f., air, breeze. Cf. aer, 

ventus. 
aurStus,-a, -um,adj ,[auruml,^y/ 
aureus, -a, -um, adj., [aurum], 

golden. 


auris, -is, £., ear. 
auruxn, -1, n., gold. 
austrSIis, -e, adj., southern. 
aut, conj., or; aut . . . 2xxt = either 

, . . or. Cf. sive. 
autem, conj., but, however, more- 
over, now. Cf. at, sed. 
auzilior, i, -atus, [aux ilium], help 
auxilinm, -1, n., [auge5], help ; pi. 

auxiliaries. Cf. subsidium. 
avftrus, -a, -um, adj., covetous, 

greedy, avaricious. 
Sl-veho, 3, -vexi, -vectum, carry 

off. Cf . abduco, aufero, amoveo. 
a-vell5, 3, -vein or -volsi, -vol- 

sum, pluck away, pull off, Cf. 

eripio. 
S-versor, i, -atus, [averts], turn 

away. 
2l-vert6, 3, -ti, -sum, turn aside, 

AVERT. 

avidS, adv., [avidus], greedily. 
avidus, -a, -um, adj., greedy, 

(Avidity). 
avis, -is, f., bird. Cf. ales. 
Sl-vius, -a, -um, [via], pathless. 
avus, -T, m., grandfather. 


Bacchus, -1, m., Bacchus, god of 

wine. 
baculum, -i, n., stick, wand. 
BSUae, -arum, f., Baiae, a town in 

Italy. 
Balbus, -1, m.. Balbus. 
barba, -ae, f., beard. (Barber). 
barbarus, -a, -um, adj., foreign, 

barbarous, barbarian. 
beStus, -a, -um, adj., happy, 

blessed. {Beatitude). Cf. felix. 
be&tS, adv., [beatus], happily. 
bellum, -i, n., war. 


BENE 


171 


CAPTO 


bene, adV., [bonus], welL 

beneficiom, -i, n., [bene + facio], 
kindness^ benefit. 

benevolentia, -ae, f., [bene + 
V0I6], good-willy friendship y 
BENEVOLENCE. Cf. amor. 

benignS, adv., [benignus], kindly. 

benlgnitSa, -atis, f., [benignus], 
kindness ^ friendliness ^ BENIG- 
NITY. 

benignus, -a, -um, adj., [bene + 
genus], kind-hearted , benig- 
nant. 

bSstia, -ae, f, beast. 

bibo. 3, bibi, drink, (imbibe). 

bini. -ae, -a, num. adj., Iwo each, 
two apiece. 

Boe5titi8,-a,-um, adj., Bofottan. 

Boe5tU8, -a, -um, adj., Boeotian. 

bonus, -a, -um, adj., good. 

b53, bovis, gen. pi. boum, dat. 
and abl. pi. bobus or bubus, c., 
oXy cow. {Bovine). 

braochium, -1, n., arm, (Brae/tet). 

brevi, adv., [brevis], in a short 
time. 

brevis, -e, adj., short, brief. 

Britannious, -a, -um, adj., Brit- 
ish. 

Britannos, -T, m., Briton. 

Brfltus, -!, m., Brutus. 


cadSlver, -eris, n., [cad5], corpse, 

carcass. Cf. corpus. 
cad5, 3, cecidl, casum,^// 
cadus, -1, m., cask, 
caecus, -a, -um, adj., blind. 
caedSs, 'is, £., [caed5], murder, 

bloodshed, 
oaedo, 3, cecldi, caesum, cut, becU, 

kill. Cf. interficio. 


caelum, -i, n., sky, {Celestial). 
Caesar, -aris, m., Caesar. 
Calais, no gen., m., Calais, a 

winged man, one of the Argo^ 

nauts. 
calamitfts, -atis, f., calamity. 

Cf. clades. 
calathus, -I, m., basket, 
calcar, -aris, n., spur. 
caloeus, -1, m., shoe. 
C&lebus, -!, m., Caleb. 
cale-faoi5, 3, -feci, -factum, 

[caleo], make hot. 
c31Xg5, -in is, f., mist, darkness. 
callidS, adv., [callidus], cun^ 

ningly, shrewdly. 
callidus, -a, -um, adj., cunning, 

shrewd, clever. 
Cambricus, -1, m., Cambricus. 
candidus, -a, >um, adj., white, 

bright, fair, CANDID. Cf. albua. 
oanis, -is, gen. pi. canum, c, dog. 

{Canine). 
can5, 3, cecini, cantum, sing, 

play. Cf. canto. 
can5rus, -a, -um, adj., [cano], 

musical, melodious. 
oant5, I, -avi, -atum, [cano], sing, 

play {Ctiant). Cf. cano. 
oantus, -us, m., [cano], song,cro7th 

ing of the cock. Cf . carmen 
Canutius, -1, m., Canute, king 

of England. 
caper, pri, m , he-goat. {Caper). 
capillus, -T, m., hair. {Capillary). 

Cf. coma. 
capi5, 3, cepi, captum, take, seize^ 

capture, adopt. Cf. rapio. 
captivus, -!, m., [capio], captive, 

prisoner. 
oapt5, 1, -avi, -atum, [capio], r^rA, 

catch at. 


CAPUA 


172 


CIRCE 


Capua, -ae, f., Capua, a city in 
Italy. 

caput, -itis, n., head; damnare 
capitis = condemn to death. 
{Capital). 

career, -eris, m., prison ; pi. start- 
ing-place. ( Incarcerate ) . 

oared, 2, -ui, -itum, de without, be 
in want of. 

carmen, -inis, 11., songy charm, 
pass-word. Cf. cantus. 

car5, cam is, f ., flesh. ( Oamai ) . 

Carolus, -i, m., Charles. 

Carp5, 3, -psT, -ptum, pick, gather; 
enjoy. 

cSrus, -a, -um, adj., dear, precious. 

casa, -ae, f., hut, cottage. 

cSLseus, -1, m., cheese. 

castanea, -ae, f., chestnut. 

Castor, -oris, m. Castor, son of 
Leda. 

castra, -orum, n., camp. 

c&su, adv., [casus], by chance. 

cSsus, -us, m., [cado], chance. 
{Casual). 

catSna, -ae, f., chain. Cf. vincu- 
lum. 

caterva, -ae, f., crowd, band of 
men. Cf. turba. 

Cat5, -on is, m., Cato, a cele- 
brated Roman. 

Cauda, -ae, f., tail. {Caudal). 

causa, -ae, f., cause, case, reason. 

caus&,adv., [csius2i], for the sahe of. 

oautS, adv., [caveo], carefully, 

CAUTIOUSLY. 

cave5, 2, cavT, cautum, beware of 

{Caution). 
cSd5, 3, cessi, cessum, go; yield, 

(CEDE). 

celebr5, i, -avi, -atum, frequent; 
celebrate. 


celer, -eris, -ere, adj., sTvift. 

celeritfts, -atis, f., [celer], swift- 
ness, CELERITY. 

celeriter, adv., [celer], quickly, 

c§15, I, -avT, -atum, con-cvj^L, Cf. 
abdo. 

cSna, -ae, f., supper ^ dinner. 

cSnSculum, -1, n., [cena], dining- 
room. 

Cennetus, -I, m., Kenneth. 

c8n5, I, -avi, -atum, [cena], sup, 
dine. 

cSnseS, 2, -ui, -um, think, consider, 
{Censure). Cf. cogito, existimo, 
puts, sentio. 

centaurus, -I, m., centaur. 

Cer§s, -eris, f., Ceres, goddess 
of agriculture. {Cereal). 

certftmen, -inis, n., [certo], con- 
test. 

oertS, adv., [certus], certainly, 

certior faotus. informed, lit., 
made more certain. 

cert5, I, -avi, -atum, [certus], 
strive, contend. 

certus, -a, um, adj., [cerno],^^'//, 
CERTAIN, sure. 

cervix, -icis, f., neck. Cf. collum. 

cervus, -I, m., stag. 

oe885, 1, -avi, -atum, [cedo], cease 
from, be inactive. 

cSterl, -ae, -a, adj., the others, the 
rest. 

chorus, -T, m., dance; crowd, band, 
(chorus). 

cibus, -i, TO.., food. Cf. pabulum. 

Cimbri, -orum, m., Cimbri, a 
people of Germany. 

oing5, 3, cinxT, c\nQX.yxa\, surround. 
Cf. circumdo. 

CircS, -es or -ae, f., Circe, an 
enchantress. 


CIRCAEUS 


173 


COMA 


CircaeuB, -a, -um, belonging to 

Circe, Circean. 
oirciter, adv. and prep. w. acc.» 

[circus = circle], round about ^ 

about. 
circum, adv. and prep. w. ace, 

[circus = circle], around. 
circum-do, i, -dare, -dedi, -da- 
tum, set around, surround, Cf. 

cingo. 
ciroum-8t5, i, -stetl, stand 

around. 
citharoeduB, -1, m., harpist, 
civis, -is, c, citizen. (Ciuic), 
civitfts, -atis, f., [civis], state. 

{City). 
olSldSs, -is, f , destruction, disaster^ 

slaughter. Cf. calamitas. 
clam, adv., secretly. 
cl3init5, I, -a VI, -atum, [clam5], 

cry out. Cf. exclamo. 
clSin5, 1 , -avi, -atum, shout, cry out. 
clSmor, -oris, m., shout, cry, 

CLAMOR. 

clangor, -5ris, m., noise, clang. 
cl^uB, -a, -um, adj., clear, 

bright, famous. 
claudo, 3, -sT, -sum, shut, close. 
claudus, -a, -um, adj., [claudd], 

lame. 
clauatra, -drum, n., [claudo], 

barrier, dyke. 
clSmentia, -ae, f., kindness, 

clemency. Cf. mansuetudo. 
cliSns, -entis, c, dependant, pa- 
tient, (client). 
Clodius, -i, m., Clodius. 
Cloelia, -ae, f., Cloelia. 
coepi, -isse, coeptus, def. begin. 
coerced, 2, -ul, -itum, [co(m ) + ar- 

ceo], check, restrain. (CoBroe\. 

Cf. cohibeo, freno. 


ooetua, -us, m , [co(m) + eo], cls- 
semblage, company, 

cdgitd, I, -avi, -atum, consider, 
think over, COGITATE. Cf. arbi- 
tror, censeo, puto, existimo, 
sentio. 

cd-gn5scd, 3, -novi, -nitum, [co 
(m) + (g)nosco], find out, re- 
COGNIZE, know. Cf. agn5sco, 
scio. 

c6g6, 3, coegi, coactum, [co(m) 4- 
ago], gather, compel. {Qogent). 

co-hibed, 2, -uI, -itum, [co(m) + 
habeo], check, hold fast. Cf. 
coerceo, freno. 

00-hortor, I, -at us, [co(m)], en- 
courage, ^JT-HORT. 

Colch!, -orum, m., the CoL- 
chians, people of Colchis. 

Colchis, -idis, Colchis, a coun- 
try of Asia, on the eastern shore 
of the Black Sea. 

ool-ligd, 3, -egi, -ectum, [com + 

leg6],/i^^ up, COLLECT. 

col-locd, I, -avi, -atum, [com], 
arrange, establish, put. Cf . pono. 

col-loquor, 3, locutus, [com], con- 
verse, hold conference with. 
(CoUoquy). 

collum, -i, n., neck. Cf. cervix. 

cold, 3, colui, cultum, cultivate, 
//'//, dwell, Cf. incolo, habito. 

coldnus, -i, m., [coloj, farmer, 
(colonist). Cf. agricola. 

color, -oris, m., color. 

coluxnba, -ae, f., pigeon, dove. 

com, primitive form of cum, used 
in compounds, and changed to 
col, con, cor, or co, before cer- 
tain consonants. 

coma, -ae, f., hair, leaf. Cf. ca- 
pillus. 


COMES 


174 


CONSIDERO 


oomes, -itis, c, [com 4- eo], com- 
paniortf comrade. 

c5mitft8, -atis, i., courtesy. 

oomme&tus, -us, m., [com + meo 
— go\i provisions, supplies. 

com-memoro, i, -avf, -atum, re- 
late. { Commemorate ) . 

com-initt5, 3, misT, -missum, be- 
gin; COMMIT, intrust. 

com-mone5, 2, ul, -itum, remind, 
impress upon. Cf. admoneS. 

com-moror, i, -atus, delay, stay. 

com-move5, 2, -movT, -motum, 
move violently, alarm. {Com mo- 
tlon). 

com-mtlnicd, i, -avf, -atum, 
[communis = common], sAare, 
impart, COMMUNICATE. 

com-par5, i, avi, -atum, collect, 
prepare. {Compare). 

complector, 3, -plexus, embrace. 
Cf. amplector. 

com-ple5, 2, -evi, -etum, fill up, 
COMPLETE. Cf. impleo. 

oom-pliires, -a or -ia, adj., sev- 
eral, many. 

com-porto, i, -avT, -atum, carry, 
bring together, Cf. confero. 

c5n&tU8, us, m., [conor], attempt. 

con-c6d5, 3, -cessT, -cessum, 
[com], yield, grant, CONCEDE. 

concha, -ae, f., shell. {Conch). 

conchylium, -!, n., [concha], 
oyster. 

con-cipi5, 3, -cepi, -ceptum, [com 
+ capio], take up, conceive, de- 
7/ise. 

Concordia, -ae, f., [concors], 
harmony, CONCORD. 

oon-cors, -dis, adj., [com -f cor], 
united, harmonious, concor- 
dant. 


con-cuiT5, 3, -curri, -cursum, 

[com], run together, assemble 

{Concourse). Cf. convenio, con- 

voco. 
oondicid, -onis, f., [com-f-dico], 

condition, terms. 
con-d5, 3, -did!, -ditum, [com], 

found ; store up. 
con-d5n5, i, -avi, -atum, [com], 

devote, (condone). 
o5-nect5, 3, -nexuT, -nexum, [com 

+ necto = bind\, connect. 
c5n-fer5, -ferre, -tulT, col-latum, 

[com], bring together, CONFER; 

se conferre = betake one's self, 

go. Cf. comports. 
con-fici5, 3, -feci, -fectum, [com 

-f-facio], make, complete, wear 

out, overcome. 
c5n-firm5, i, -avi, -atum, [com], 

strengthen, CONFIRM. 
c5n-flig5, 3, -xi,-ctum, [com], con- 
tend, fight, dash together. {Con- 

filet), 
con-icio, 3, -ieci, -iectum, [com 

-f iacio], throw. 
con-iung5, 3, -iunxi, -iunctum, 

[com], join. {Conjunction). Cf. 

conecto. 
coniuz, -iugis, c, [coniungo], hus- 
band, wife. {Conjugal). 
c5nor, i, -atus, attempt, try. 
c5n-scendo, 3, -di, -scensum, 

[com -f- scando = climb\ climb 

up, mount, embark. Cf . ascendo. 
consensus, -us, m., [com-fsen- 

tio], CONSENT, agreement. 
c5n-sequor, 3, -secutus, [com], 

overtake, follow. ( Consecutioe ) . 
c5nsidero, i, -avi, -atum, [com], 

inspect, examine, CONSIDER. Cf. 

contemplor. 


CONSIDO 


175 


COPIA 


odn-8id5, 3, -sedi, -sessum, [com], 

sit down. Cf . accumbo. 
cdnsilium, -i, n., plan^ device^ ad- 

vicCy COUNSEL. 

c5n-8i8t5, 3, -stiti, [com], stand 

still, halt; CONSIST. Cf. consto. 
coii-851or, I, -atus, [com •+- sol or 

= comfort\ CONSOLE, comfort, 

cheer. 
conspeotUB, -us, m., [conspicid], 

sight. 
c5n-8pici5, 3, -spexi, -spectum, 

[com + specie], see, espy. Cf. 

aspicio, video. 
constSDB, -antis, adj., [com-f- 

St6],yfr»l, CONSTANT. 

c5xi8tanter, adv., [c5nstans], 
firmly, steadily, CONSTANTLY. 

o5n8taDtia, -ae, f., [constans], 
firmness, perseverance, con- 
stancy. 

con-8tat, I, -stitit, [cSnsto], im- 
pers., /■/ is well knoivn or settled. 

coii-8titu5, 3, -ui, -utum, [com -j- 
statuo], CONSTITUTE, deter- 
minCifix, appoint, 

cdii-8t5, I, -stitT, -statum, [com], 
consist. Cf . c5nsisto. 

con-8tringd, 3, -strinxi, -strictum, 
[com], ti<r up, bind. [Constrain). 
Cf. alligo, deligo. 

cdn-8u68od, 3, -suevi, -suetum, 
Jcom + suesco = de wont"], be- 
come accustomed. 

c5nsuStfLd5,-inis,f., [c5nsuesc5], 
custom. 

consul, -ulis, m., consul, chief 
Roman magistrate. 

c5n»ul5, 3,-ui, -tum, [com], con- 
sult. 

co2i-sdm5, 3, -sQmpsI, -sumptum. 
[com], CONSUME, eat, spend. 


oon-t6g5, 3, -te», -tectum, [com], 
cover. 

contemplor, i, -atus, [com], ob- 
serve, consider, CONTEMPLATE. 
Cf. considers. 

con-tend6, 3, -dl, -tum, [com], 
exert one's self, hasten, contend. 

coiitentU8, -a, -um, adj , [con- 
tinea], satisfied, CONTENTED. 

coii-tex6,3,-texu!,-textum,[com], 

weave. 
con-tine5, 2, -ui, -tentum. [com -|- 

teneo], hold, bound, contain. 
oontinu5, adv., [continuus], with- 
out interruption, CONTINUOUSLY. 
oontinuu8, -a, -um, adj., |con- 

tineo], successive, CONTINUOUS. 
contrSl, prep. w. ace, against. 
contr5ver8ia, -ae, f., [contra + 

verto], debate, quarrel, CONTRO- 
VERSY. 
contu8, -T, m., pole. 
con-veni5, 4, -veni, -ventum, 

[com], come together, assemble^ 

agree. Cf. concurro, coavoco. 
con-venit, con-venit, impers., 

[com], // is agreed. 
con-veit6, 3, -ti, -sum, [com], 

turn around^ turn towaras, 

change, (convert). 
oon-vincd, 3, -vIcT, -victum, 

[com], overcome, conquer, (CON- 

vicr). 
oonvI\ra, -ae, c, [com -f vivo], 

guest. 
convlvium, -T, n., [com + vivo], 

banquet, feast. (Con viuial) . 
con-voco, I, -a VI. -atum, [com], 

call together, assemble, convoke. 

Cf. concurro, convenio. 
co-orior, 4, -ortus, [com], rise up. 
c5pia, -ae, f., [com -f ops], abun- 


COPIOSUS 


176 


CUPIDO 


dance^ wealthy supply ; Tpi.troopSy 

forces. 
c5pi58ii8, -a, -urn, adj., [copia], 

abundant^ copious. 
coqu5, 3, coxi, coctum, cook, 

bake. 
oor, cordis, n., heart. (Cordial). 
c5rain, prep. w. abl., in presence 

of openly. 
Corinthius, -a, -um, adj., Co- 
rinthian. 
Corinthus, -i, f., Corinth, a 

city of Greece. 
corium, -i, n., hide^ leather, 
cornlger, -gera, -gerum, adj., 

[cornu + gero], horned. 
corntl, -us, n., horn. 
cordna, -ae, f., crown. 
corpus, -oris, n., body^ corpse. 

Cf . cadaver. 
cor-ripi5, 3, -ripu!, -reptum, [com 

-l-rapio], snatch up^ seize. Cf. 

arripio. 
conniB, -T, m., raven. 
cothurnus, -i, m., top-boot^ bus- 
kin. 
co^diftnus, -a, -um, adj., [cotidie] , 

of every day^ daily, 
cordis, [quot 4~ dies], daily ^ 

every day. 
crSLs, adv., to-morrow. 
cr&tSra, -ae, f., bowl. [CraUr). 
crSber, -bra, -brum, ^d!).^frequenty 

numerous^ thick. 
crSdibilis, -e, adj., [cred5],/r»x/- 

WOrthy^ CREDIBLE. 

crSd5, 3, -didi, -ditum, trusty be- 
lieve ^ entrust. (Credit). 

ore5, 1 , -avT, -atom, makej create ; 
choose. Cf. gigno, pario. 

Cre5n, -ontis, m., Creon, king 
of Corinth ; king of Thebes. 


crepitus, -us, m., [crepo = rustle^ 

rustlings pattering. 
cr6sc5, 3, crevi, cretum, grow. 

(Crescent). 
crSta, -ae, f ., [Creta = Crcte],chalk. 
crimen, -inis, n., charge, crime. 

Cf. f acinus, scelus. 
cruciSltus, -us, m., [crux = cross], 

torture. Cf. supplicium. 
crfldeiis, -e, adj., cruel. 
crUdSlitfts, -atis, f., [crudelisj, 

harshness, CRUELTY, 
cruentus, -a, -um, adj., [cruor], 

bloody, smeared. 
cruor, -oris, m., blood, gore* Cf. 

sanguis. 
crfis, criiris, n., leg. 
cublle, -is, n., [cubo], bed. 
cub5, I, -ui, -itum, lie down, 
culmen, -inis, n., top, roof. 
culpa, -ae, f., fault. (Culpabie). 

Cf. delictum, vitium. 
culp5, I, -av!, -atum, [culpa], 

blame, find fault with. 
culter, -tri, m., knife, 
cultus, -ias, m., [colo], cultivation, 

(culture). 
cum, conj., when; cts, since; 

though, although ; cum . . . timi 

:= both . , . and. 
cum, prep. w. abl., with. 
Cflmae, -arum, f., Cumae, city in 

Italy. 
cflnae, -arum, f., cradle. 
cflnctus, -a, -um, adj., [con- 

iunctus], all in a body, the whole. 

Cf. omnis, totus. 
cupidS, adv., [cupidus], eagerly. 
cupiditSs, -atis, f ., [cupidus], de- 
sire, (cupidity). 
cupld5, -inis, f., [cupidus], de^ 

sire. Cf. deslderium. 


CUPIDUS 


177 


DEHISCO 


oupiduB, -a, -um, adj., [cupio], 

eager ^ desirous. 
cupio, 3, -Ivi or -il, -itum, desire^ 

tvisk for. 
cur, adv., [qua + re], why. 
cur a, -ae, f., care. 
euro, I, -avi, -atum, [cura], care 

fory take care of. {Curator). 
currd, 3, cucurri, cursum, run. 
cumis, -us, m., [curro], chariot. 
cursitd, I, -avi, -atum, [curro], run 

about. 
oursus, -us, m., [curro], race, 

COURSE, running. 
curvus, -a, -um, 2id]., crooked, bent, 

CURVED, winding. 
cu8tddi5, 4, -ivi or -ii, -itum, 

[cnsibs], guard. 
cuBtda, -odis, c, guard, keeper, 

CUSTODIAN. 

OUtis, -is, f., skin. {Cuticle). Cf. 
pellis. 

Cycldps, -opis, m., Cyclops, one- 
eyed monster. 

c^gnuB, -i, m., swan. 

Cyprus, -T, £., Cyprus, island in 
the Mediterranean. 

CJ^zicuB, -1, f., Cyzicus, a town 
in Mysia. 


dainnd, i, -avi, -atum, [damnum], 
condemn. 

damnum, -1, n., injury, hami, 
loss. 

D&nl, -drum, m., the Danes. 

(daps), dapis, gen. pi. wanting, f., 
feast, Cf. epulae. 

DSrSus, -1, m., Darius, king of 
Persia. 

dS, prep. w. zb\.,from, about, con- 
cerning, of. 


d6be5, 2, -ui, -itum [de -h habco], 

owe, ought ; debitus = due. {Debt ) . 
decem, indecl. num. adj., ten. 
d8-cert5, i, -avi, -atum, struggle, 

contend, 
decet, 2, decuit, impers., it is 

fitting. {Decent). 
d6-cid5, 3, -cidf, [cado], fall 

down. Cf. delabor. 
deoimus, -a, -um, num. adj., 

[decem], tenth. {Decimal). 
d6-cipi5, 3, -cepi, -ceptum, 

[capio], DECEIVE. 

d6-curr5, 3, -cucurri or -curri, 
-cursum, run down. 

d6-decu8, -oris, n., [decus = 
honor]y disgrace. 

d6diti5, -onis, £., [dedo], sur- 
render. 

d6-d5, 3, -didi, -ditum, surrender, 
give up. 

d6-dflc5, 3, -dux!, -ductum, lead 
away, carry down; launch; escort. 
(Deduce). Cf. defero, deporto. 

d8-fend5, 3, -dl, -fensum, [-fend5 
= ward offl DEFEND, protect. 

d6-fer5, -ferre, -tull, -latum, carry 
down, report. Cf. deduco, de- 
porto. 

dS-feBBU8, -a, -um, adj., weary, 
exhausted. 

d6-ficio, 3, -fed, -fectum, [facioj^ 
fail. {Defect). Cf. desum. 

d6-flu5, 3, -fluxl, -fluxum, ^rir 
down, flow away. 

d6-formiB, ■«, adj., [forma], ugly, 

DEFORMED. 

dS-formo, i, -avi, -atum, [forma], 
make ugly^ spoil, mar, DEFORM. 

d6g6, 3, degi, [de -F ago], spend,, 
pass. 

de-hlBCO, 3, 'hivi, yawn, gape. 


12 


DEIANIRA 


178 


DETURBO 


Diianlra, -ae, f., Deianira, wife 
of Hercules. 

de-inde, adv., then^ next, after- 
wards. 

dS-ioi5, 3, -ieci, -iectum, |iaci5], 
drive out of one's course; cast 
downy dishearten, {Dejection), 
Cf. deturbo. 

d6-lSlbor, 3, -lapsus, fall down. 
Cf. decido. 

dS-leot5, I, -avi, -atum, delight. 
Cf. iuvo. 

dSled, 2, -evi, -etum, destroy. 
{Deleterious). 

dSlioiae, -arum, f., treat. {De- 
licloua). 

deilotum, -T, n., [de -f linquo], 
fault. Cf. vitium, culpa. 

dS-ligo, 3, -leg!, -Iectum, [lego], 
choose^ select, Cf. opto. 

d6-lig5, I, -avT, -atum, bind. Cf. 
alligo, constringo. 

Delphi, -orum, m., Delphi, town 
in Greece, famed for its oracle 
of Apollo. 

d8-mltt5, 3, -mis!, -mTssum, let 

' down, lozver^ cast down. 

d6-m5n8tr5, i, -avl, '2X\xm, point 
outy show. Cf. ostendo. 

DSmosthenSs, -is, m., Demos- 
thenes, famous Greek orator. 

dSmum, adv., cU length. Cf. 
denique, tandem, postremo. 

dSnflrius, -T, m., a Roman silver 
coin, worth about 20 cents. 

dSnique, adv., at last^ Cf. de- 
mum, postrem5, tandem. 

dSns, dentis, m., tooth. {Dentist). 

dSnsus, -a, -um, adj., thick, dense. 

dS-pelld, 3, -pull, -pulsum, drive 
away, banish. Cf. eicio, ex- 
pello. 


d6-pended, 2, hang down. 
d6-pere5, 4, -if, perish. 
d6-pldr5, i, avl, -atum, lament, 

DEPLORE. 

d6-p5n5, 3, -posui, -positum, lay 
aside, lay down, DEPOSIT. 

d6-port5, I, -avl, -atum, carry 
down. Cf. deduco, defero. 

d6-prehend5, 3, -di, -prehensum. 
seize upon, detect. 

d6-rlde5, 2, -s!, -sum, jeer, deride. 

d6-ripio, 3, -ripuT, -reptum, 
[rapio] , pull down. 

dSHicend5, 3, -di, -scensum, 
[scamAo = climb^, descend, dis- 
mount, disembark. 

dSscSnsuB, -us, m., [descendo], 

DESCKNT. 

de-8er5, 3, -ui, -tum, desert. 

abandon. 
dSsIderium, -I, n., desire, long^ 

ing. Cf. cupido. 
d6-8ili5, 4, -ilui, -ultum, [salid = 

leap], jump down. 
d6-8i8t5, 3, -stiti, -stitum, leave ojf, 

stop, DESIST. 

d6-spSr5. 1, -avi, -atum, despair. 
d6-8pici5,3,-exi,-ectum, [specie], 

look down upon, disdain, despise. 

Cf. sperno. 
d6-8trmg5, 3, -inx!, -Tctum, draw, 

unsheathe. 
d8-8um, de-esse, de-fui, fail, be 

wanting. Cf. deficio. 
d6-8uper, adv., doivnfrom above. 
d6-terre5, 2, -ul^ -itum, deter, 

frighten. 
d6-trah5, 3, -traxi, -tractum, draw 

off, retnove, (DETRACT). 
d6-trect5, i, -avT, -atum, decline^ 

refuse. Cf. recuso. 
de-turb5, I, -avi, -atum, tear or 


DEUS 


179 


DIVINUS 


throw dauntf drive away. Cf. 
deicid. 

deos, -i, m., god^ deity. 

dS-viUB, -a, -una, adj., [via], out 
of the wayy retired, devious. 

d6-volv6, 3, -vl, -utum, roll down, 
{Devoiue), 

dS-vord, I, -avT, -atum, eat, de- 
vour. Cf. edo, vescor. 

dS-vove6, 2, -vovl, -votum, [vo 

VeO = V07v]f DEVOTE. 

deztra, -ae, f., right hand. (Dex- 
terous). 

Diftna, -ae, £-, Diana, goddess of 
hunting. 

died, 3, dud, dictum, say, tell, 
appoint, Cf. loquor. 

diSa, -el, m. and f., day. 

dif-fSin5, I, -avi, -atum, ^-fame. 

difficilis, -e, adj., [dis + facilis], 
DIFFICULT, ill-tempered. 

diffioultfts, -atis, f , [difficilis], 

DIFFICULTY. 

dif-f ugi5, 3, -ivigijjiee apart, scatter. 

digittis, -1, m.,/inger. (Digit). 

dlgnitSa, -atis, f., [dignus], dig- 
nity, rank. 

dignuB, -a, -um, adj , worthy. 

di-laoer5, i, -avl, -atum, [lacero 
= mangle], tear in pieces, wound, 
lacerate. Cf. dllani5, diripio. 

di-laai5, i, -avl, -atum, [lani6 = 
rend], tear in pieces. Cf. di- 
lacero, diripio. 

diiigSns, -entis, [diligd], dili- 
gent, careful. 

diiigenter, adv., [diligens], dili- 
gently, carefully. 

diligentia, -ae, f., [diligens], 
diligence. 

dl-lig5, 3. -lexi, -lectum, [lego], 
esteem, love. Cf. iam5. 


^tlo6so5, 3, -liixT, [lux], grow 
light. 

dl-inltt5, 3, -mfsi, -missum, dis- 
miss, let slip. 

dX-rig5, 3, -rexl, -rectum, [de 4- 
rego], direct, guide. 

dX-ripid, 3, -ui, -eptum, [rapio], 
tear asunder, ravage, Cf. dila- 
cer5, dilanio. 

dIruB, -a, -um, adj., fearful, 

DIRK. 

dis-, dl-, prefix, asunder, apart, 
in different directions. 

dis-cSdd, 3, -cessi, -cessum, de- 
part. Cf. excedo. 

dSsoipUna, -ae, f , discipline. 

dis-orXmen, -in is, n., crisis. (Die- 
crimination), 

difl-icid, 3, -ieci, -iectum, [iacio], 
disjoint, separate, scatter. 

dis-pdno, 3, -posul, -positum, 
arrange, DISPOSE. 

di8-put5, I, -avi, -atum, argue, 
dispute. 

dis-8ide5, 2, -sedi, -sessum, [se- 
deo], disagree. 

difl-Bimilis, -e, adj., unlike, dis- 
similar. 

di-Btftns, -antis, adj., [st5], dis- 
tant. 

ditl, ^di\.,for a long while, 

dl-vell5, 3, -velli, -volsum, [vello 
^=. pluck], tear off or apart, 

di-verBUB, -a, -um, adj., [vcrto], 
different, DIVERSE. 

dives, -itis, adj., rich, 

dX-vid5, 3, -visi, -visum, [vide5], 

DtVIDE. 

divinitus, adv., [divinus], mi- 
raculously, providentially, 

dlvlnuB, -a, -um, adj., [divus = 
a god], DIVINE. 


DIVITIAE 


1 80 


EGREDIOR 


dlvitdae, -arum, f., [dives], riches, 

Cf . opes. 
di-volg5, I, avi, -atum, spread 

abroad, publish^ DIVULGE. 
d6, dare, dedl, datum, give, offer. 

Cf. dono. 
doce5, 2, -cui, -ctum, teachy show, 

tell, [Dwstor). 
dole5, 2, -ui, xXyxav, gritve for. 
dolor, -oris, m., [doleo], griefs 

pain. {Dolorous). 
dolus, -1, m., deceit, fraud. Cf. 

fraus. 
domestiouB, -a, um, adj., [do- 

mus], DOMESTIC. 

domina,-ae, £., [domus], mistress. 

dominus, -T, m., [domus], lord, 
master. {Domineer). 

dom5, I, -ui, -itum, [domus], sub- 
due, conquer. 

domus, us, £., house; dioml—at 
home, Cf. aedes, aedificium. 

d5n5, I, -avi, -atum, [donum], 
give, present. {Donation). Cf. do. 

d5nuin, -1, n., [do], gtft. Cf. 
munus. 

dormid, 4, -ivi or -ii, -itum, sleep. 
{Dormitory). 

drac5, -onis, m., dragon, serpent. 

dubit5, I, -avi, -atum, hesitate, 

DOUBT. 

dubius, -a, -um, adj., doubtful, 
DUBIOUS; sine dubi6 = w/M^«/ 
do%ibt. 

ducentl^ -ae, -a, num. adj., [duo 
-|- centum], two hundred. 

dtlod, 3, duxi, ductum, lead; 
marry (a wife). Cf. ago. 

dulcSd5, -inis, £., [dulcis], sweet- 
ness. 

dulcis, -e, adj., sweet, pleasant. 
{Dulcet). Cf. suavis. 


dum, conj., while, as long as, until. 

duo, -ae, -o, num. adj., two. 

duo-decim, indecl. num. adj., 
[decem], twelve, 

dtirus, -a, -um, adj., hard, (En- 
dure). 

duz, ducis, c, [duc5], leader, gen- 
eral. {Duhe). Cf. imperator. 


6, see ex. 

Sbrius, -a, -um, adj., drunk, in- 
toxicated. {Inebriate), 
ebur, -oris, n., ivory. 
ecce, inter j., see I behold ! 
echinus, -i, m., hedgehog. 
6-dIc5, 3, -dixi, -dictum, speak out, 

proclaim, appoint. (Edict.) 
ed5, edere or esse, edi, esum, eat, 

Cf. devorS, vescor. 
6-d5, 3, -did!, -ditum, give forth, 

utter, publish, (Edit). 
Edvardus, -1, m., Edward. 
ef-fierv68od, 3, -ferbul, [fcrveo = 

boil], [ex], boil up, effervesci. 
ef-fici5, 3, -feci, -fectum, [ex -f 

facio], accomplish, EFFECT. 
eModi5, 3, -fodi, -fossum, [ex], 

dig up. 
ef-fugi5, 3, -fugi, [ex], flee away, 

escape. Cf. aufugio, vito. 
ef-fund5, 3, -fudi, -fusum, [ex], 

pour forth, scatter. (Effusion). 
ef-fflse, adv., [effundo], in dif- 
ferent directions, far apart. 
egSnuSy -a, -um, adj., [egeo = 

need], poor. Cf. pauper. 
6§^ perf. of ago. 
ego* pers. pron., /. 
e-gredior, 3, -gressus, [gradior = 

step], go out, disembark. {Egress). 

Cf . exeo, exp5no. 


EGREGIE 


l8l 


EX 


6gregi6» adv., [egregius], excel- 

lently^ admirably. 
6-gregiuB, -a, -urn, adj., [grex], 

distinguished f excellent. ( Sgre- 

gioua). Cf. insignis, praestans. 
6hen, inter j.. alas I 
S-ici5, 3, -ie;:i, -iectum, [iaciol, 

drive out, expel, eject. Ct. 

depello, expel Id. 
elephantus, -i, m , elephant. 
8-lId5, 3,-3i,-3um. [laedo], shatter. 
ElisabStha, -ae, f., Elizabeth. 
8-ltld5. 3, -SI, -sum, elude, cheat, 

mock. 
6-merg5, 3, -si, -sum, come forth, 

EMERGE. 

6-mine5, 2, -ui, [-mined zr/^m^^r], 
stand out, project. ( Eminent ) . 

S-mXtt5, 3, -nnsi, -missum, send 
forth, EMIT. 

em5, 3, emi, emptum, buy. 

Sn, inter j., lo! behold t 

enim, conj.,^^. Cf. nam. 

e6, adv., [is], to that place, thither ^ 
there, 

e6, Ire, ivi or ii, itum, go. 

Ephesiiis, -a, -um, adj., Ephe- 

SIAN. 

epistola, -ae, f., letter, epistle. 
Cf. littera. 

epulae, -arum, i., feast. Cf. daps. 

equa, -ae, f., mare. 

eques, -itis, m., [equus], horse- 
man, knight ; pi. cavalry. 

e-quidem, adv., indeed, certainly- 

equlnus, -a, -um, adj., [equus], 
of ox belonging to horses, equine. 

equitStus, -us, m., [equito], 
cavalry. 

equitd, i, -avi, -atum, [eques], 
ride. 

equus, -!, m., horse. 


ergSl, prep. w. ace, towards, 

Cf. ad. 
erg5, adv., therefore. Cf. igitur, 
__ itaque. 

Eridanus, -I, m., river Po. 
6-rig5, 3, -rexl, -rectum, [rego], 

raise up, ERECT, cheer. 
6-ripi5, 3, ui, -reptum, [rapio], 

snatch a^vay, rescue. Cf. avell5, 

evello. 
err 5, i, ^vi, -atum, wander ^ be 

mistaken, ERR. 
error, -oris, m., [erro], mistake, 

ERROR, fault. 
6*ruinp5, 3, -rupi, ruptum, break 

out, burst forth. {Eruption). Cf. 

evolo. 
68urid, 4, , -itum, [edo], suj'er 

hunger. 
et, conj., and; et . . . tt = both . . . 

and. Cf. atque, ac, -que. 
etiam, adv. and conj., also, even. 

Cf. quoque. 
et-sl, conj., although. 
EurylochuB, -I, m., Eurylo- 

CHU.s, companion of Ulysses. 
6-vSd5, 3, -SI, -sum, go forth, es- 
cape, EVADE, turn out. 
6-v&nS8c5, 3, -nuT, [vanesco = 

vanish], VANISH away. (Eua- 

neacent). 
6-vell5, 3, -vein, -volsum, (vello 

=r pluck), pull out, tear away. Cf. 

avello, eripio. 
6-veiii5, 4, -veni, -ventum, come 

forth, happen. Cf . accidd. 
6ventu8, -us, m., [evenio], occur- 
rence, EVENT, result. 
S-V0I6, I, -avT, -zX\xm,fly out, rush 

forth. Cf. erumpo. 

or S, prep. w. abl., out of, 

from. 


EXANIMIS 


182 


EXTRUDO 


ez-animis, -e, adj., [anima = 

dreafA]^ lifeless. 
ex-anim5, i, -avi, -atum, [anima 

= breath\ exhaust^ kill. 
ez-animuB, -a, -um, [anima = 

breath'], lifeless, 
ez-ftrd6scd, 3, -ars!, -arsum, 

[ardeo], be inflamed. 
ex-c6d5, 3, -cessi, -cessum, depart, 

withdraw. Cf. discedo. 
ex-cipi5, 3, -cepi, -ceptum, [ca- 

pi5], receive^ catch; come next to; 

interrupt. (Except). Cf. accipio. 
ez-cit5, I, -avi, -atum, [cieo = 

rouse], arouse, EXCITE. 
ez-olftm5, i, avi, -atum, cry out, 

EXCLAIM. Cf. clamito. 
ez-clfld5, 3, -si, -sum, [claud5], 

shut out, EXCLUDE ; hatch. 
ez-cdgit5, i, -avi, -atum, contrive. 
ezoubiae, -arum, f., [ex -I- cubo], 

watch. Cf. praesidium. 
ezemplum, -i, n., [eximd], ex- 
ample. 
ez-e5, -Ire, -ii, -itum, go out. {Exit). 

Cf. egredior. 
ex-erceo, 2, -ui. -itum, [arce5]. 

keep at work, EXERCISE ; vex. 
exercituB, -us, m., [exerced], 

army. Cf. agmen. 
ex-hauri5, 4, -hausT, -haustum 

drink off, drain, exhaust. . 
exiguus, -a, -um, adj., smcUl, 

scanty. Cf. parvus. 
ezim5, 3, -emT, -emptum, [emo], 

take out. ( Exempt ) . 
existim5, i, -avi, -atum. faestimS] 

EsriMATE, think. Cf. cogito 

puts, sentio. 
exitium,-!, n., \^xeo\,destructiofi. 
-pello, 3, -pull, -pulsum, driiu 

out, EXPEL. Cf. depello, eicio. 


experrSotus, -a, -um, part., (ex- 

pergiscor), cnvakened. 

-pers, -tis, adj., [pars], without, 
free from. 

;-plicd, I, -avi, -atum, and -ui, 

-itum, [plied ^fold], explain. 

(Explicit). Cf. exp5n5. 
expl5rd, i, -avi, -atum, examine, 

EXPLORE. 

ex-p5n5, 3, -posui, -positum, set 
forth, EXPOSE, explain; disem- 
bark. 

ex-prim5, 3, -press!, -pressum, 
[premo], squeeze out. 

ex-quir5, 3,-sivi -situm, [quaero], 
search for, seek out. 

ex-Bili5, 4, -silui, [salio]. Jump 
forth. 

exBilium, -i, n., [exsul], place of 

EXILE. 

ex-8olv5, 3, -solvi, -solutum, pay. 
Cf. persolv5. 

ex-spect5, i, -avi, -atum, expect, 
wait for. 

ex-8pir5, i, -avi, -atum, breathe 
one's last, expire, die. 

exsul, -ulis, c, wanderer, EXILE. 

ex-8uper5, i, -avi, -atum, over- 
come, surpass. 

ex-templ5, adv., [tempus], imme- 
diately. Cf. statim. 

extrS, prep. w. ace, outside, with- 
out, beyond. Cf. intra. 

ex-trah5, 3, -traxi, -tractum, 
drag out, draw out, rescue, EX- 
TRACT. 

extrSmuB, -a, -um, adj., [superl. 
of exter], farthest, last, "BXr 

TREME. 

ex-trfld5, 3, -si, -sum, [trud5 = 

push"], thrust out. 
ex-u5, 3, -ui, -utum, take off. 


FABER 


183 


FILIUS 


faber, -bri, m., smithy carpenter. 

(Fabric). 
fSibula, -ae, f., story ^ fable. 
facile, adv., [facilis], easily. 
facilia, -e, adj., [{a.cio], easy to do, 

easy. (Facility), 
f acinus, -oris, n., [facio], deed, 

misdeed, crime. C£. crimen, 

seel us. 
faci5, 3, feci, factum, do, make ; 

facere naufragium = /<? be ship- 
wrecked. 
factum, -i, n., [facio], deed, act. 

(Fact). 
facultSs, -atis, f., [facilis], means, 

opportunity. (Faculty). Cf. oc- 

casio. 
faenum, -i, n., kay. 
falld, 3, fefelli, falsum, deceive, 

elude. 
falaus, -a, -um, adj., [falld], false, 

deceived. Cf. fictus. 
fixna, ae, f., report ; fame. Cf. 

gl5ria. 
fames, -is, f., hunger, faminf^ 
farXua, -ae, i., flour. 
fas^dium, -1, n., dislike, pride, 

FASTIDIOUSNESS. 

fSt&lis, -e, adj., [fatum], fated, 

FATAL. 

fStum, -1, n., FATE. 

faucSa, -ium, f., throat. Cf. 
guttur. 

faveo, 2, favi, fautum, favor. 
Cf. foveo. 

fax, facis, f., torch, fire-brand. 

fefelU, see falld. 

fSlSs, -is, f., cat. (Feline). 

ffiilciter, adv., [ieWx], luckily, for- 
tunately. 

fSlIz, -icis, adj., lucky, fortunate. 
(Felicity)- Cf. beatus, fortunatus. 


fSmina, -ae, f., woman. (Femi- 
nine). Cf. mulier. 

fenestra, -ae, f., window. 

fera, -ae, f., [ferus], wild beast. 

fer6, adv., almost, nearly. 

fSriae, -arum, f ., festival. 

feri5, 4, strike, beat. Cf . verberS. 

fer5, ferre, tulT, latum, bear, bring, 
carry, Cf . porto, veho. 

fer5x, -ocis, adj., [ferus], fierce, 
savage, FEROCIOUS. Cf. ferus, 
saevus. 

ferreus, -a, -um, adj., [ferrum], of 
iron, iron. 

ferrum, -1, n., iron, sword. 

fertilis, -e, adj., [fero], fruitful, 

FERTILE. 

ferus, -a, -um, adj., wild, fierce. 

Cf. ferox, saevus. 
fervidus, -a, -um, adj., burning, 

hot. (Fervid). 
fessus, -a, -um, adj., tired. Cf. 

defessus. 
festus, -a, -um, adj., festal. 
fibula, -ae, f., buckle, button. 
fictus, -a, -um, adj., [fingo], 

feigned, false, fictitious. Cf. 

falsus. 
fidSlis, -e, adj., [fides], trusty, 

faithful. (Fidelity). Cf. fidus. 
fidSs, -ei, f., trust, faith, honor, 

credit. 
fld5, 3, fisus, trust, con-YiDVL. 
FId6, -onis, m., FiDO. 
fIdus, -a, -um, adj., \i\6.o], faithful. 

Cf. fidelis. 
Figulus, -i, m., Figulus. 
figtlra, -ae, f., form, figure. Ci 

forma, species, 
filia, -ae, f ., daughter. 
fllius, -I, m., son. (Fiiiai), Cf. 

natus. 


FIMUS 


184 


FRUCTUS 


fimus, -I, m., dung. 

find5, 3, fidi, fissum, splits divide. 

(Fissure). 
tog6, 3, finxi, fictum, form, 

fashion^ build ; inventy imagine. 

(Fiction). 
flnid, 4, -ivi, -Itum, [finis], finish, 

end. (Finite). 
fIniB, -is, m., end, boundary ; pi. 

territory, country, land. (Final), 
flnitimuB, -a, -um, adj., Ifinis], 

neighboring, near. 
flS, fieri, factus, (pass, to facio), 

be made, be done, become. 
firmiter, adv., [ftrmus], firmly. 
firmus, -a, -um, adj., [^rmo], 

FIRM. 

fistula, -ae, i^pipe. Cf. tibia. 
flagrSLna, -antis, adj., blazing, 

burning. (Flagrant). 
flamma, -ae, f ., flame. 
fleot5, 3, fiexi, fiexum, bend. 

(Flexible). 
Florus, -i, m., Florus. 
fl5s, -oris, ra., flower. (Floral). 
fluotuB, -us, m , [fluo], wave. 

(Fluctuate). Cf. unda. 
flfLmen, -inis, n., [fluo], river. Cf. 

amnis. 
flu5, 3, fluxi, ^\JLXum,flow. (Fluent)* 
focus, -i, m., hearth. 
fodid, 3, f odi, f ossu m, dig. ( Fossit). 
foedus, -a, -um, did]., filthy. 
folium, -i, n., leaf. (Foliage). Cf. 

frons. 
fons, fontis, m., spring, FOUNT, 

FOUNTAIN. 

for as, adv., out of doors. 

fore, for futurus esse. 

forSs, -um, f., door. Cf. ostium, 

porta. 
foris, adv., out of doors. 


forma, -ae, f., FOKM,figure, beauty. 
Cf. figura, species. 

formioa, -ae, f., ant. 

formid5, -inis, f., fear, dread. 
(Formidable). Cf. metus, timor." 

formdsus, -a, -um, adj., [forma], 
beautiful. Cf. pulcher. 

forte, adv., [fors = chance\, by 
chance, perhaps. 

fortis, -e, adj , brave, strong. Cf. 
strenuus, validus. 

fortitud5, -inis, f., [fortis], brave- 
ry, strength, endurance, forti- 
tude, courage. Cf. virtus. 

fortfina, -ae, f., [fors = chance\, 

FORTUNE. 

fortiln2LtU8, -a, -um, adj., [for- 
tiino], FORTUNATE, lucky. Cf. 
beatus, felix. 

forum, -i, n., market-place 

f5s8a, -ae, f., [fodio], ditch, trench. 
(Fosse). 

loved, 2, fovi, fotum, cherish. Cf. 
faveo. 

fragor, -oris, m., crash, noise, 
splash. Cf. sonus. 

frango, 3, fregi, fractum, break. 
(Fracture). 

frftter, -tris, m., brother. (Fra- 
ternal). 

frauB, -dis, f., deceit, fraud. Cf. 
dolus. 

FrederlcuB, -i, m., Frederick. 

fremitus, -us, m., [fremo = roar\ 
growling, roar. 

frSnd, I, -avi, -atum, bridle, re- 
strain. Cf. coerceo, cohibeo. 

frigidus, -a, -um, adj., cold, frigid. 

frSns, frondis, f ., leaf, foliage. Cf . 
folium. 

frons, frontis, i., forehead, front. 

fructus, -us, m., [fruor], fruit. 


FRUGALIS 


185 


GLANS 


frtigSUis, -e, adj., [fruges], thrifty y 
FRUGAL. Cf. parcus. 

frilgSs, -um, i.y fruits ^ produce, 

frumentor, i, -atus, [frumentum], 
fetch corn, forage. 

frumentum, -I, n., [fruor], corn^ 
grain. 

fruor, 3, fructus, enjoy. 

fr^trft, adv., in vain, (Frustrate). 

frilstum, -i, n., piece^ bit. 

fuga, -ae, f., \bi%\o\ flight. 

fugio, 3, fugi, i}x%\XMm,fUe,fly. 

fugitivuB, -i, m., [fugio], fugi- 
tive, runaway slave. 

fug5, I, -a VI, -atum, [fuga], put to 
flight. 

folcid, 4, fulsT, fultum, prop up, 
support. 

fulge5, 2, fulsl, glitter^ shine. 
(Refuigent). 

Fulvia, -ae, f., Fulvia. 

FulviuB, -T, m., FuLvius. 

fulvuB, -a, -um, adj., tawny. 

funditor, -oris, m., [funda = 
sling\y slinger. 

fund5, 3, fudi, fusum,/>^«r; pro- 
duce; rout. (Fuse). 

fundus, -1, m.,farm. 

fOnebiis, -c, a.d]., funereal. 

fungor, 3, functus, perform. 
{Function). 

fQnis, -is, m., rope. 

fQr, furis, m., thief. 

furSns, -entis, adj., [fur5 = de 
mad], furious, maddened. 

furidsus, -a, -um, adj., [furo = be 
mad], FURIOUS, raging. 

furor, -oris, m, (furo=^^ mad], 
madness, frenzy. 

ftLrtim, adv., [fur], stealthily. 

f{Lrtum, -i, n., [fur], theft. {Fur- 
tive). 


fuBCUB, -a, -um, adj., darh, dusky, 
swarthy. Cf. niger. 


GSUus, gen. Gai, m., Gaius or 

Caius. 
galea, -ae, f., helmet. 
Gallia, -ae, f., Gaul. 
GallicuB, -a, -um, adj., [Gallus], 

Gallic. 
galllna, -ae, f., [gallus], hen. 
galluB, -1, m., cock. 
GalluB, -1, m., a Gaul. 
gamilus, -a, -um, adj., chattering^ 

prattling, GARRULOUS. 
gauded, 2, gavTsus, rejoice. 
gaudium, -1, n., [gaudeo], joy. 

Cf. laetitia. 
Gelertus, -1, m., Gelert, name 

of a hound. 
G^lUuB, i, m., Gellius. 
gelu, -us, n., frost. 
gemltUB, -us, m., groan. 
gemma, -ae, i., jewel, gem. 
gena, -ae, f., cheek. 
geiier5au8, -a, -um, adj., [genus], 

well-born. {Qeneroua). 
gSiiB, gentis, f., race, clan. 

{Gentry). 
genuB, -eris, n., birth, race, kind. 

(Gender). 
GermSnia, -ae, f., Germany. 
ger6, 3, gess!, gestum, carry, 

wear; manage, carry on, wage; 

do. 
geBtus, -a, -um, part of gero. 
gestUB, -us, m., [gero], gesture. 
gigftB, -antis, m., giant. 
glgn5, 3, genuT, genitum, bring 

forth, produce. Cf. creo, pario. 
gladiuB, -1, m., sword. 
glftna, glandis, f., acorn. (QIand). 


GLAUCE 


1 86 


HIC 


01auc6, -es or -ae, f., Glauce. 

Olaucus, -1, m., Glaucus. 

glaucuB, -a, -urn, zdj.f^ay. 

gl5ria, -ae, f., glory ^ fame , re- 
nown. Cf. fama. 

£;15ri58ua, -a -urn, adj., [gloria], 
GLORIOUS, vain-GUyR\0\i% boast- 
ful, 

Godlva, -ae, £., Godiva. 

gracilis, -e, adj., slender^ graceful. 
Cf. tenuis. 

Graecia, -ae, £., Greece. 

Graecus, -a, -um, adj., Grecian, 
Greek. 

gr&men, -inis, n., grass. Cf. 
herba. 

grandis, -e, adj., large ^ bigy 
GRAND. Cf. ingens, magnus, 
vastus. 

grandd, -inis, £., hail. 

grSnum, -I, n., a grain, seed. 

gr&tia, -ae, f., [gratus], favor ^ 
GRACE ; pi. thanks ; ago gratias 
= thank, 

gr&tus, -a, -um, adj., pleasing^ 
thankful^ GKXT^ful, Cf. iu- 
cundum. 

gravis, -e, adj., heavy ^ severe^ pain- 
ful ; important^ GRAVE. 

graviter, adv., [gravis], severely^ 

GRAVELY. 

grav5, I, -avi, ^tum, [gravis], 

weigh doivn^ oppress. 
gremium, -f, n., lapy bosom. Cf. 

sinus. 
gressus, -us, m., [gradior = 5tep\ 

step, course. Cf. passu s. 
grez, gregis, m., flock. {Orega- 

rious). 
gubem5, i, -avT, -atum, steer, 

GOVERN. 

gurges, itis, m., whirlpool, abyss. 


gust5, I, -avi, -atum, taste. 
guttur, -uris, n., throat. Cf. 

fauces. 
G^yg6s, -is or -ae, m., Gyges. 


habSna, -ae, f., [habeS], rein. 
habeo, 2, -ui, -itum, have, hold, 

esteem, consider. Cf. tene5. 
habito, I, -avi, -atum, [habeo], in- 

HABIT, dwell Cf. C0I6. 
haered, 2, haesi, haesum, stick, 

hesitate. Cf. haesito. 
haesit5, i, -avT, -atum, [haereo], 

HESITATE. 

Hamelina, -ae, f ., Hamelin, 

hSmus, -1, m., hook. 

harSna, -ae, f., sand; arena. 

Harp^ae, -arum, f., the Har- 
pies, monsters, half bird and 
half woman. 

hasta, -ae, f., spear. Cf. telum. 

haud, adv., not at all, not. Cf . non. 

haud-quS.qua]n,adv.,4^ ^u»x^/^a/f.r. 

haurid, 4, hausi, haustum, drain, 
<fjr-HAUST, draw* 

haustus, -lis, m., [haurid], 
draught. 

Henricus, -i, m., Henry. 

herba, -ae, f., grctss, plant, herb . 
Cf. gramen. 

Hercle, interj., by Hercules. 

HerculSs, -is and -I, m., Her- 
cules. 

herl, adv., yesterday, 

hestemus, •a,-um, adj., [heri], of 
yesterday. 

hiatus, -lis, m., gaping, aperture^ 
cleft. 

Hibernia, -ae, f., Ireland. 

hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron., this ; 
l)ers. pron., he, she, it ; ille . . 


HIC 


187 


lEIUNUS 


hic often = the former . . . the 
latter, 
hie, adv., here, on this side. 
hiems, -emis, f ., winter ; storm, 
hino, adv., [hic], from this place y 

hence, on this side. 
hirundd, -inis, £., swalloiv. 
Hiap&nia, -ae, f., Spain. 
HispSniis, -a, -um, adj., Spanish. 
hodie, adv., [hoc 4- die], to-day, 
HomSrus, T, m., Homer, Greek 

poet. 
homo, -inis, c, human being, per- 
son, man. Cf. vir. 
honeatus, -a, -um, adj., [honor], 

honorable, virtuous^ HONEST. 
honor, -oris, m., honor, office. 
hora, -ae, f., hour. 
hordeum, -i, n., barley. 
horrendua,-a,-um, adj., [horreo], 

dreadful. Cf. horribilis. 
horre5, 2, horruT, bristle, shudder. 
horreum, -i, n., barn. 
horribilis, -e, adj., [Yiorr to], fear- 
ful, horrible. Cf. horrendus. 
horriaonus, -a, -um, adj., [horreo 
-f sonus], sounding dreadfully, 
fearful. 
horror, -oris, m., [horreS], shiver- 
ing, dread, horror. 
hortor, i, -atus, cheer, ^.jc-hort. 
hortua, i, m., garden. 
hospea, -itis, c, host, guest. 
hospitium, -T, n., [hospes], hospi- 
tality. 
hostis, -is, c, enemy, {Hostile). 

Cf. inimicus. 
Hubertus, -1, m., Hubert. 
hflc, adv , [for old form hoc], 

hither, to this side. 
htlinSnitSa, -atis, f., [human us], 
politeness, refinement. (Humanity). 


htimSnus, -a, -um, adj., [homo], 

HUMAN. 

humi, adv., [humus], on the 

ground. 
humilis, -e, adj., [humus], lowly, 

HUMBLE. 

humiliter, adv., [humilis], hum- 
bly. 

humus, -1, f ., ground. 

hyaena, -ae, f., hyena. 

hydra, -ae, f., hydra. 

Hyl&s, -ae, m., Hylas, a youth 
who sailed with the Argonauts. 


iaced, 2, -uT, lie. 

iacio, 3, ieci, iactum, throw, cast, 

lacdbus, -1, vci., James. 

iacto, I, -avi, -atum, [iacio], toss 

about, flourish ; boast. 
iacnlum, -!, n., [iacio], dart, Cf. 

telum. 
iam, adv., already, now. Cf . nunc. 
iam-dfidum, adv., [iam + diu + 

(S.\ya{\,for a long while, for some 

time past. 
i&nua, -ae, f., ^/(?^. {Janitot). Cf. 

fores, ostium. 
I&son, -onis, m., Jason, a famous 

Grecian hero, 
ibi, adv., [is], there, in that place, 

then. 
ibidem, adv., [ibi + dem], in the 

same spot, 
IcSnl, orum, m., the Iceni, a 

people in the southeastern part 

of Britain, 
ictus, -us, m., blow, stroke. 
idem, eadem, idem, pron., [is -f 

dem], the same, {identity), 
iddneus, -a, -um, 2l6.)., fit, suitable 
iSitlnus, -a, -um, adj., hungry. 


IGITUR 


1 88 


IMPIGER 


igitur, conj. and adv., therefore* 

Cf. ergo, itaque. 
iguSrus, -a, -um, adj., [in + gna- 

rus = knowing^ unacquainted 

with, unaware. Cf. inscius, 

nescius. 
Ignftvus, -a, -um, adj., [in -f 

(g)navus = busy\ idle. 
Ignis, -is, m., fire, {ignite). Cf. 

incendium. 
Ign5r5, i, -avT, -atum, [ignarus], 

de IGNORANT o/y not know. Cf. 

nescio. 
igndscd, 3, -novi, -notum, [in + 

(gjnosco], pardon. 
Igndtus, -a. um, adj., [in -f- 

(g)n6tus], unknown. 
Ilias, -ados, f, the Iliad, a Greek 

poem. 
nico, adv., [in f loco], on the spot, 

instantly. 

ille, -a, -ud, dem. pron., that; 

pers. pron., he, she, it ; ille . . . 

hie often = the former . . the 

latter. 
ilUc, adv., [ille], there, on that 

side. 
illid5, 3, -si, -sum, |in -t laedo]. 

strike or dash against. Cf. 

affligd, incutio. 
illinc, adv., [ille], thence, on that 

side. 
illtic, adv., [illic], to that place, 

thither, there. 
imSlgd, -inis, f., image, likeness, 

reflection. 
imber, -bris, m., shower, ram- 
storm. 
imitor, I, -atus, copy^ imitate, 

counterfeit. 


ixnmSLnit&s, -atis, f., [immanis], 
monstrousness, cruelty, barbarity. 

im-memor, -oris, adj , [in], un- 
mindful', forgetful, regardless, 

im-mSnsus, -a, -um, adj., [in -j- 
metior = measure^ boundless, 

IMMENSE. 

im-xnine5, 2, [in], hangover, im- 
pend. (Imminent). Cf. impendeo. 

im-mitto, 3, -misT, -missum, [in], 
send in, let in. 

im-pedi5, 4, -ivi, -itum, [in -f- 
pes], IMPEDE, hinder, pyrevent. 
Cf. prohibeo. 

im-pell5, 3, -puli, -pulsum, [in], 
urge, IMPEL, incite. Cf. in- 
cite, urgeo. 

im-peiide5, 2, [in], overhang, im- 
pend. Cf. immined. 

impSnsa, -ae, f., [in + pendd = 
pay\, outlay, expense. Cf. sump- 
tus 

imper&tor, -oris, m., [imperd], 
com tnander, general. ( Emperor ) . 
Cf. dux. 

imper&tum, -I, n., [imperd], com- 
mand, orders. (Imperative). Qi. 
iussus. 

im-perltus, -a, -um, adj, [in], 
unskilled. Cf. indoctus. 

imperium, -i, n., [impero], com- 
mand, power, authority. ( Empire ) . 

imper5, i, -avi, -atum, [in + pare], 
command, order. Cf. iubeo. 

impetrd, i, -avi, -atum, obtain a 
request. 

impetus, -us, m., [in -f- peto], 
attack, rush. ( Impetuous). 

impiS, adv., [impius], wickedly, 

IMPIOUSLY. 


immSnis, -e, adj., huge, vast, man , im-piger, -gra, -grum, adj., [in], 
strous. Cf. ingens, vastus. active. 


IMPIUS 


189 


INDOCTUS 


im-pius, -a, -urn, adj., [ixijy tuicJ^d, 
IMPIOUS- Cf. sceleratus. 

iin-ple5, 2, -evi, -et^m, [in], yf// 
u/f. Cf. compleo. 

im-plicd, I, -avi, -atum, [in], en- 
tangUt involve, IMPLICATE. 

iin-p5n5, 3, -posuT, -positum, 
[in], place upon, IMPOSE, set 
aver, 

im-probu8, -a, -um, adj., [in], 
wicked^ bad, naughty. Cf. malus. 

im-prdvidus, -a, -um, [in + pro 
+ video], IMPROVIDENT, rar^/^jj. 
C€ imprudens. 

im-pr5vXBd, adv., [in + pro -|- 
video], suddenly ; de imprdviso 
= unexpectedly, Cf . subito. 

im-prQdSns, -entis, adj., [in], 
not foreseeing, imprudent, un- 
intentional. C£. improvidus. 

im-pud6ii8, -entis, adj., [in], 
shameless^ IMPUDENT. 

im-pudentia, -ae, f ., [impudens], 
shamelessness, IMPUDENCE. 

im-pfUie, adv., [in + poena], with- 
out punishment. {Impunity). 

fmus, -a, -um, adj., [superl. of In- 
ferus], lowest, bottom of. 

in, prep. ( l)w. ace, into, to, against; 
(2) w. abl., IN, on, among. 

in-, prefix, (changing to im- before 
b, m, and p, il- before 1, and ir- 
before r), with negative mean- 
ing, = Eng. ««-, in-, not; thus, 
in-felix = un-happy, 

in-oaut6, adv., [incautus], in- 
cautiously, heedlessly. 
in-cautus, -a -um, adj., incau- 
tious, heedless^ off one's guard. 
in-c6d5, 3, -cessf, -cessum, march 
along, advance. Cf. progredior. 
incendium, -i, n., [incendo],y?r^, 


conflagration. (Incendiary), Cf. 

Ignis. 
incendd, 3, -cendi, *censum, [in 

-f (-cendo) = kindle\, set on fire, 

burn, Cf. accendo. 
in-oertU8, -a, -um, adj., uncer- 
tain. 
in-oid5. 3, -cidi, [cad5], fall into 

or upon, happen. (Incident). 
in-cipio, 3, -cepl, -ceptum, 

[capio], tahe in hand, begin. 

(Inception). Cf. coepl. 
in-cit5, I, -avI, -atum, urge, rouse, 

incite. Cf. impello, urgeo. 
in-oltid5, 3, -sf, -sum, [claudo], 

shut up, INCLOSE. 
in-cola, -ae, c, [col5], inhabitant. 
in-col5, 3, -uT, dwell in, inhabit. 
in-columi8,-e,adj.,ja/^. Cf. tutus. 
in-crSdibilis, -e, adj., [credo], 

INCREDIBLE. 

in-crep5, i, -ul, -itum, upbraid, 

rebuke. 
in-cultus, -a, -um, [colo], uncul- 
tivated. 
in-cursi5, -onis, f., [curro], raid, 

inroad, INCURSION. 
inc^5, i,-avi,-atum, [in -f- causa], 

flf-cusE. Cf. accuso. 
incutid, 3, -cussi, -cussum, strike 

against. Cf. affligo, illido. 
inde, adv., [is], thence, thereupon. 
Indi, -orum, m., inhabitants of 

India, Hindus. 
indicium, -i, n., [indico], evidence, 

sign, token. 
in-dic5, i, -avT, -atum, indicate, 

reveal. 
in-dign3ti5, -onis, f., [dfgnus], 

indignation, displeasure. 
in-doctU8,-a,-um, adj.,[doced], 2^/f- 

taught, ignorant. Cf. imperitus. 


INDUCO 


190 


INSCIENS 


in-dflc5, 3, -duxT, -ductum, lead 
into, INDUCE, persuade. 

indulged, 2, -ulsf, -ultum, in- 
dulge. 

indud, 3, ui, -utum, /«/ ofty dress 
one's self in, clothe. (Indue). 

Indus, -a, -um, adj., Indian. 

industria, -ae, f., diligence^ in- 
dustry ; de industria = ott 
purpose. 

in-e5, -Tre, -ivi or -ii, -linm, go into, 
enter ; devise. 

in-eptu8, -a, -um, adj., [aptus], 
senseless. 

Infandus, -a, -um, adj., unutter- 
able, unholy, monstrous. 

infSns, -antis, c, little child, 
infant. 

in-fectus, -a, -um, adj., [factus], 
not done ; re infecta = zvithout 
success. 

In-fSlix, Tcis, adj., unfortunate, 
unhappy. [Infelicity). 

Inferior, -ius, adj , [comp. of in- 
ferus], lo7ver, inferior. 

in-fero, inferre, intuli, illatum, 

bear in or against ; make war. 

[Infer). 

inferus, -a, -um, adj., that is below, 

lozver ; pi. = the dead. [Infernal). 

infest 0, I, -avT, -atum, haunt, 

INFEST. 

in-flcio, 3, -feci, -fectum, ffacio], 
staiu, corrupt, infect. Cf. tingo. 

in-fid§lis, -e, adj ., faithless. [In- 
fidelity). 

in-firmus, -a, -um, adj., not strong, 
feeble, INFIRM. 

in-formis, -e, adj., [forma], mis- 
shafen, hideous. 

In-fund5, 3, -fudT, -fusum, /<7//r /« 
or upon. (Infuse). 


in-gemind, i, -avi,-atum, [gemini 
= twins], redouble, repeat. 

ingenium, -T, n., character, abili- 
ties, nature, disposition. (Inge- 
nious), 

ingSns, -entis, adj., vast, huge. 
Cf. magnus, grandis, vastus. 

ingenuus, -a, -um, adj., frank, 

INGENUOUS. 

in-gr&tus, -a, -um, adj., unpleas- 
ant, ungrateful, (tngrate), 

in-gredior, 3, -gressus, [gradior 
= step], enter. Cf. intro. 

in-honestus, -a, -um, adj., dis- 
honorable. 

in-hospit&lis, -e, adj., [hospes], 

INHOSPITABLE. 

in-icid, 3, -iecT, -iectum, [iacio], 

put in, throw on ; cause. (Inject). 
in-imlcus, -a, -um, adj., [amicus]. 

unfriendly, hostile ; noun, enemy, 

foe. Cf. hostis. 
in-Iquus, -a, -um, adj., [aequusj, 

uneven, unfair, wicked, malicious. 
initiria, -ae, f., [in -f ius], injury, 

wrong, hurt, harm. 
in-nocSns, -entis, adj., [noceo], 

guiltless, harmless, INNOCENT. 
in-numerSbilis, -e, adj., [nu- 

merus], countless, innumerable. 
inopia, -ae, f., [in + opes], want, 

scarcity. 
in-opln&tus, -a, -um, adj., unex- 
pected. 
inquam, def . verb, say ; inquit = 

said he. 
fnBSnia,-ae, f., [insanus], madness^ 

INSANITY. 

insSlnus, -a, -um, adj., mad, in- 
sane, frantic. Cf. vesanus. 

in-sciSns, -entis, adj., [scio], 
unaware. 


INSCIUS 


191 


INVITUS 


In-soiuB, -a, -um, adj., [scio], igno- 
rant of. Cf. ignarus, nescius. 

in-scrlbd, 3, -scripsT, -scriptum, 
write upoftt inscribe. 

in-sequor, 3, -secutus, pursue^ 
press upon. 

ia-ser5, 3, -sevi, -situm, sow in^ 
implant. 

in-serd, 3, -seru!, -sertum, put in, 
introduce^ insert. 

Xn-aidiae, -arum, f., [in + sedeo], 
ambush , plot, artifice. ( Insidious ) . 

In-aidd, 3, -sedi, -sessum, settle on. 

Xn-slgnis, -e, adj., [sTgnum], elis- 
tingnishedf striking. Cf. egre- 
gius, praestans. 

In-sistd, 3, -stiti, stand upon, press 
upon. (Insist). Cf. insto. 

In-stitud, 3, -ui, -utum, [statuo], 
arrange, institute, begin ; 
resolve. 

in-st5, I, -stitr, approach^ threaten, 
press upon, pursue. Cf . insisto. 

in-stru5, 3, -striixT, -structum, 
draw up,equip, furnish. (Instruct). 

iu-au6tus, -a, -um, adj., [suesco = 
be wofttly unaccustomed^ unusual. 

insula, -ae, f., island. (Ptninsuia). 

integer, -gra, -grum, 2Ld']., fresh, 
sound, unimpaired, (integer). 

intel-legd, 3, -lexT, -lectum, [in- 
ter], perceive, understand, (in- 
telligent). 

inter, prep. w. ace, betweent 
among. 

inter-cl{ld5, 3, -iisi, -usum, 
[claudo], shut up, cut off. 

inter-dico, 3, -dixT, -dictum, for- 
bid, exclude, INTERDICT. 

inter-dum, adv., sometimes. Cf. 

ndnnunquam. 
iQter-e§, adv., meanwhile. 


inter-ficid, 3, -feci, -fectum, 

[facio], kill, destroy. Cf. caedo. 
interior, -ius, comp. adj. with no 

positive, inner, interior. 
inter-mitto, 3, -mlsT, -missum, 

leave off, intermit, let pass ; 

pass. = elapse. 
inter-p5uo, 3, -posuT, -positum, 

place between, INTERPOSE. 
inter-rog5, i, -avi, -atum, ask, 

question, INTERROGATE. Cf. 

rogo, quaero. 
inter-rumpd, 3, -rupi, -ruptum, 

break up, break off. 
inter-Bum, -esse, -fuT, be between, 

be present, (interest). 
inter- vSllum, -1, n., space between, 

INTERVAL. 

intrSi, prep. w. ace, within. Cf. 

extra. 
intrd, i, -avi, -atum, enter. Cf. 

ingredior. 
introitus, -us, m., [intro -f eo], 

entrance. 
in-tueor, 2, -itus, look on, behold. 

(intuition). 
in-undo, i, -avT, -atum, [undaj, 

overfiow, inundate. 
in-fltilis, -e, adj., useless. 
in-venio, 4, -venT, -ventum, come 

upon, find, INVENT. Cf. reperio. 
inventor, -oris, m., [invenio], 

contriver, INVENTOR. Cf. re- 

pertor. 
in-vioem, adv., in turn, alter- 
nately. 
in-vide5, 2, -vidi, -visum, envy. 
in-vidia, -ae, f., [invideo], envy, 

hatred. 
invito, I, -avi, -atum, invite. 
invitus, a, -um, adj., unwilling, 

reluctant. 


INVOCO 


192 


LAETITIA 


in-voc6, I, 4lvl, -Itum, call upon^ 

INVOKE. 

ioodsus, -a, -um, adj., [iocus], 

witty ^ funny t JOCOSE. 
iocuB, -i, pi. iocT and ioca, m., 

jesti JOKE, 
lohannes, -is, m., John. 
lolS, -es, f., loLE, daughter of 

Eurytus. 
ipse, -a, -um, intens. pron., self; 

very. 
ira, -ae, f., angef\ ire. 
irftcundus, -a, -um, [Ira], pas- 
sionate. 
frftsoor, 3, iratus, [Tra], be angry ; 

iratus = angry. [Irate). 
irritus, -a, -um, adj., unsuccessful. 
ir-rumpo, 3, -rupT, -ruptum, [in], 

burst in. [Irruption). 
ir-ru5, 3, -rui, [in], rush in. 
is, ea, id, dem. pron., thcU ; pers. 

pron., he^ she, it ; in eo erat ut 

= was on the point of 
iate, ista, istud, dem. pron., thcU 

(of yours), that (near you), 
ita, adv., so^ thus. Cf. sic. 
Italia, -ae, f., Italy. 
ita-que, conj., and so^ therefore. 

Cf. ergo, igitur. 
iter, itineris, n., [eo], journey ^ 

road J march. (Itinerant). 
iterum, adv., again^ a second time. 

[Iterative). 
Ithaca, -ae, f., Ithaca, an island 

in the Ionian sea. 
iubed, 2, iussT, iussum, order, bid, 

command. Cf. imperS. 
i^cundus, -a, -um, adj., pleasant, 

agreeable. Cf. gratus. 
itldex, -ids, c, |iusH-d!c5], judge. 
i^dic5, I, -avi, -atum, [iudex], 

judge. 


iugum, -1, n., [iungo], yoke. 
ItUiuB, -1, m., Julius. 
iflmentuxn, •!, n., [iungo], beast 

of burden. 
iung5, 3, iunxi, iunctum, join, 

yoke, harness f cross, span. 
Iflppiter, lovis, m., Jupiter or 

Jove, the chief god among the 

Romans. 
iHriB-cdnsultus, -T, m., [ius + 

consulo], lawyer. 
ifls, iuris, n., rights law, justice. 

Cf. lex. 
ids, iuris, n., broth, soup. 
ius-iflrandum, iuris-iiirandi, n., 

oath. 
iflsBUB, -us, m., [iubeo], command, 

order. Cf. imperatum. 
iusta, -orum, n., [ius], funercU 

rites. 
itLstiis, -a, -um, adj., [ius], just. 
iuvenis, -is, c, youth, young man 

or woman. [Juvenile). Cf. adu- 

lescens. 
iuT5, I, iuvi, iiltum, help, please, 

delight. [Adjutant). Cf. de- 

lecto. 
iilztft, adv., and prep. w. ace, near. 


Iftbor, 3, lapsus, slip, glide. [Lapse). 

labor, -oris, m., labor, toil. Cf. 
opus. 

Iab5r5, i, -avI, -atum, [labor], 
worh, toil. 

labrum, -T, n., lip. 

l&C, lactis, n., milh. [Lacteal). 

lacrima, -ae , f. , tear. [ Lachrymose ) . 

lacus, -us, m., lake, pond. Cf. 
stagnum. 

laetitda, -ae, f., |laetus],/V^, glad- 
ness. Cf. gaudium. 


LAETUS 


193 


LOCO 


laetus, -a, -iim. 2uA]., joyful, glad. 
^susiYyQ, 3, -bi, -bitum, lick. 
lamentmn, -1, n^ lament, lam- 
entation. 
languidos, -a, -um, adj., faint, 

LANGUID, 
lapis, -idis, m , siofu. (Lapidary). 

Cf. saxum. 
lassitfldd, -inis, £., fainlfuss, 

weariness, IJ^^ITUDE. 
latebrae, -arum, f., [Iate5], Aiding 

place. 
Iate6, 2, -ui, /ic Aid, be concealed. 

(Latent). 
Isatfntta, -a, -um, adj., [Ladum], 

Latin. 
IfttrfttOB. -us, ra., [latro = dark], 

barking. 
Iatr5, -onis, m., robber. 
l&tos, -a, -mn, adj., broad, wide. 

(Latftude). 
latus, -eris, n., side. (Laterat). 
laudd, I, -avT, -atum, [laus], 

praise, LAUD, 
laus, -dis, £., praise, glory. 

( lavi ( '^'™ 
lava, 3 and i, I ^^^- I lautum 

( ( lavatum, 

Tvash, bathe, LAVE. 

lazo, I, -a VI, -atum, unloose, re- 

lectus, -1, m., coucA, bed. 

ISgSLtus, -T, m., [lego = send with 
a comTnission\, ambassador, LEG- 
ATE, lieutenant, officer. 

Ieg5, 3, legi, lectum, coI-lect, se- 
LECT ; read. 

Ifinio, 4, -ivi or -ii, -itum, [lenis], 
soften. (Lenient). 

1 finis, - e, adj., soft, smootA, mild, 
gentle. 

Ie6, -onis, m., lion. 


Ifivis, -e, adj., smootA. 

levis, -e, adj., ligAt, slight. (Lenity). 

leviter, adv., pcvis], lightly.^ 
slightly. 

levd, I, -avi, -atum, [levis], make 
ligAter, listen. 

l&E, legis, f, law. (Legal). Cf. 
ius. 

libenter, adv., [libet], willingly, 
gladly. 

liber, -a, -um, ^6]., free. 

UberftlitSB, -atis, £., [liber], lib- 
erality. 

Uberi, -drum, m., [liber], cAildren. 
Cf . pueri. 

Uberd, i, -avi, -atum, [liber], ^^^, 
liberate. 

UbertSs, -atis, f., [liber], liberty. 

libet, 2, -uit, -itum, impers., it 
pleases, is pleasing. 

Ubuin, i, n., cake. 

Libya, -ae, f., Libya, Africa. 

licet, -uit, -itum, impers., it is al- 
lowed, is lawful. (Wicii). 

Uotor, -oris, m., lictor, Roman 
consurs attendant. 

llgneiui, -a, -um, adj., [lignum], 
wooden. 

Ugnuxn, -i, n., tvood. 

Iig6, I, -avi, -atum, tie, bind. 
{Ligament). 

limen, -inis, n., tAresAold. 

limus, -i, m., mud. Cf. lutum. 

lingua, -ae, f., tongue, language. 
(Linguist). 

linum, -i, n., linen. 

littera, -ae, f., letter (of the al- 
phabet); pi. letter, epistle, 
book. {Literal). C£ epistula. 

lltus, -oris, n., sAore. Cf. 6ra. 

loc5, I, -avi, -atum, [locus], place. 
(Locate). 


13 


LOCULI 


194 


MALEDICO 


lOCuU, -orum, m., purse. Cf pe- 

culium. 
locus, -i, m., (pi. loci and loca), 

place. (Local). 
Londinium, -1, n., London. 
longS, adv., [longus], far^ far 

off. 
longus, -a, -urn, adj., long. 
loquftz, -acis, adj., [loquor], 

talkative, LOQUACIOUS. 
loquor, 3, locutus, speaky talk. 

Cf. dico. 
Idtus, -1^ f., LOTUS, a water-lily. 
IiOziSs, -ae, m., Loxias. 
Itibricus, -a, -um, adj., slippery. 

(Lubricate). 
lucerna, -ae, f ., [luceo = shine]^ 

lamp. 
lAcidS, adv., [lux], clearly. 
Lflcius, -T, m., [lux], Lucius, 
lucrum, -1, n., gain^ profit. (Lu- 

cratiue). 
Iflctor, I, -atus, struggle. 
Ifldibrium, -1, n. [ludus], mock- 
ery ^ jest. 
Ifldd, 3, -sT, -sum, play, gamble. 

{Pniud9). 
Ludovlcus, •!, m., Louis. 
Ifidus, -T, m., [\vid6]y gamCf sport ; 

school. 
lumen, -inis, n., [luceo = shine\ 

light. Cf. lux. (Luminous). 
lilna, -ae, f., [luceo], moon. (Lunar). 
lupus, -T, m., wolf. 
Itlstro, I, -avi, -atum, wander over, 

observe, review. (Illustrate). 
lutum, -1, n., Piud. Cf. iTmus. 
Itlx, lucis, f., [luceo = shine], light. 

Cf. lumen. (Lucid). 
Ifbnis, -us, m., luxury. 
Lycus, i, m., Lycus. 
L^don -onis, m., Lydon. 


lyxa, -ae, f., lyre. 
Lysander, -dn, m., Lysander 


Maced5, -onis, m., Macedo 

nian. 

mSLcte, adv., a blessing on. 

macto, I, -avi, -atum, sacrifice. 

macule, I, -avi, -atum, spot, stain, 
soil* ( I mmaculate ) . 

made-faci5, 3, -feci, -factum, 
[made5 = be wet], wet. 

maestus, -a, -um, adj., scui, sor- 
rowful. Cf. tristis. 

magicus, -a, -um, adj., magic. 

magis, adv., [magnus*], more, 
rather. 

magister, -tri, m., [magnus], 
MASTER, teacher. 

magistr&tus, -us, m., [magister], 

MAGISTRATE. 

mSlgnifioS, adv., [magnificus], 

MAGNIFICENTLY. 

mftgnificentia, -ae, f., [magni- 

ficus], magnificence, splendor. 
m&gnificus,-a, -um,adj., [magnus 

+ facid], magnificent. 
m&gnitud5, -inis, [magnus], 

greatness, size, magnitude. 
mSgnoperS, adv., [magnus ^- 

opus], greatly. 
mftgnus, -a, -um, 2i6\,y great, large. 

Cf. grandis. 
m&iestas, -atis, f., [maior], dig- 
nity, majesty. 
mSior, -us, adj., (comp. of magr 

nus), greater, older, (tiajor). 
male, adv., [malus], badly ; male 

pareo = disobey. 
male-died, 3, -dixi, -dictum, 

speak ill of slatuUr. {Maieiic- 

Hon). 


MALIGNUS 


195 


MERGO 


mallgnuB, -a, -urn, adj., [mains -h 

gigno], ill-natured y malicious. 
in§ld, malle, malui, [magis + 

V0I6], choose rather J prefer. 
m&luxn, -I, n., apple. Cf. pomum. 
malum, -T, n., [malus], bad things 

evil. 
malua, -a, -um, adj., had, wicked. 

Cf. improbus. 
m&lus, 1, m , mast. 
mandStum, •!, n., [mando], com- 

MAND» MANDATE. 

mandd, i, -avT, -atum, [man us + 
do], give into oner's hand, commit, 
charge, com-MJitiD, 

m&ne, adv., in the morning, early. 

mane5, 2, mansi, mansum, stay, 
r^-MAIN. {Mansjon). 

manifestua, -a, -um, unmistak- 
able, MANIFEST. 

Manliua, -1, m., Manlius. 
m&nsuSttldo, -inis, f., [manus + 

suesco = be wont], gentleness, 

clemency. Cf. dementia. 
manua, -us, f., hand; band of 

men. (Manual). 
mare, -is, n., sea. Cf. altum. 
margd, -inis, c, edge, margin, 

shore. Cf. lit us, ora. 
marlaus, -a, -um, adj., [mare], of 

ur belonging to the sea, sea-, 

marine. 
maritimus, -a, -um, adj., [mare], 

of or belonging to the sea, sea-, 

MARITIME. 

massa, -ae, f ., lump, mass. 
mSter, -tris, f., mother, {tia- 

ternal). 
mStrim5niam, -1, n., [mater], 

marriage, MATRIMONY. 
m&t^d, I, -avi,-atum, [maturus], 

MATURE; hasten. Cf. contends. 


m&ttlrus, -a, -um, adj., ripe, 

MATURE, early. 
mflximg, adv., [maximus], very 

greatly, especially, certainly. Cf. 

praecipue. 
mSbdmus, -a, -um, [superl. of 

magnus], greatest, very great, 

largest. 
MSdSa, -ae, f., Medea. 
medicSmentum, -T, n., [medi- 

cus], drug, poison. 
mediciua, -ae, f., [medicus], 

MEDICINE, medical art, 
medicus, -a, -um, adj., [medeor 

= heal], MEDICAL. 

medicus, -1, m., [medeor = heal], 

doctor. 
mediua, -a, -um, adj., middle, 

middle of ( Medium ) . 
melior, -us, (comp. of bonus), 

better. ( Ameliorate ) . 
membrum, •!, n., limb, member. 
meminl, meminisse, def. verb, 

remember. 
memor, -oris, adj., mindful. 

[Memorable). 
memoria, -ae, f., [memor], mem- 
ory. 
mSns, mentis, i., mind, (Mental). 

Cf. animus. 
mSnsa, -ae, f., table. 
mSnsis, -is, m., month. 
mentid, -onis, f., mention. 
mentum, -1, n., chin. 
merc&tor, -oris, m., merchant. 
mercSs, -edis, f., wages, reward, 

fee. 
Mercurius, -1, m., Mercury, 

messenger of the gods. 
mereo, 2, -ui, -itum, deserve, merit. 
merg5, 3, mersi, mersum, dip, 

plunge, /w-MERSE. 


MERIDIANUS 


196 


MOLLIS 


meridiSnus, -a, -um, adj., [men- 
dies], of Qx belonging to mid-day ^ 
mid-day-, ( Meridian ) . 

merldi6s, -e!, m., [medius + 
dies], mid-day ; south. 

meritd, adv., [meritus], deser- 
vedly. 

meritus, -^, -um, adj., [part, of 
mereo], well-deserved y merited. 

messis, -is, f., [meto = reap\ 
harvest. 

mSta, -ae, f., goal^ target. 

metUB, -iis, m.,/eary dread. Cf. 
formido, timor. 

meua, -a, -um, pron. adj., my, 
mine. 

Mid&B, -ae, m., Midas, king of 
Phrygia. 

inigr5, i, -avi, -atum, remove ^ mi- 
grate, depart. 

miles, -itis, m., soldier. 

mllit&riB, -e, adj., [miles], mili- 
tary. 

mUle, indecl. num. 2id).y thousand. 

milia or millia, -ium, n , thousands. 

mina, -ae, f., Greek silver coin 
worth about $18.00. 

minae, -arum, f ., threats^ menaces. 

Minerva, -ae, f., Minerva, god- 
dess of wisdom. 

minimS, adv., [minimus], by no 
means^ not at all. 

minimus, -a, -um, adj., [superl. 
of parvus], very little ^ least. 

ministrd, i, -avI, -atum, attend^ 
wait upon^ MINISTER to. 

minitor, i, -atus, [minor], threat- 
en. Cf. minor. 

minor, i, -atus, [minae], threaten. 
Cf. minitor. 

minu5, 3, -ui, -utum, lessen, di- 

MINISH. 


minus, adv., [minor = less\ less. 

mirSbilis, -e, adj., [miror], won- 
derfuly OiZ-MlRABLE. 

mlrftculum, -1, n., [miror], won- 
der ^ MIRACLE. 

miror, i, -atus, wonder ^ wonder at^ 
ad-MiKE. 

minis, -a, -um, adj., wonderful, 
strange. 

mlisced, 2, mlscuT, mixtum or 
mistum, MIX, mingle. 

miser, -era, -erum, adj., wretched^ 

MISERABLE. 

miserS, adv., [miser], wretchedly, 
MISERABLY, Sadly. 

miseret, 2, -uit, -itum, impers., 
[miser], it distresses; me mise- 
ret = I pity, 

misericordia, -ae, f., [miser -f 
cor], tender-heartedness f pity. 

miseritus, -a, -um, adj., [miser eor 
= pity], pitying. 

mItSsod, 3, [mitis — gentle'], grono 
gentle, soften. Cf. mitigo. 

mitigd, I, -a VI, -atum, [mitis — 
gentle + ago], soften, mitigate. 
Cf. mitesc5. 

mltt5, 3, misi, missum, send. 
[Utisaile). 

modioS, adv., [modicus], moder- 
ately. 

modious, -a, -um, adj., [modus], 
moderate. 

modo, adv., [modus], only, just ; 
modo . . . modo = now . . . now. 

modus, -1, m., measure , manner, 
MODE, way. 

molestia, -ae, f., [molestus], an- 
noyance, MOLESTATION. 

molestus, -a, -um, adj., [moles = 
heavy mass\, troublesome. {Molest). 

mollis, -e, adj., soft. {Mollify). 


i 


MONEO 


197 


NAUFRAGIUM 


iiione5, 2, -ul, -itom, tuhnse, rvarn, 

CU/'MONISH. 

indns, montis, m.,MOUNTAiN» hiil. 

mdnatrd, i» -avi, -atom, [mone5], 
shoWf point out. (Demon»tr<rtc). 
Cf. ostendd. 

mdiiBtram, -I, n., [moned], mon- 
ster. 

montaniis, -a, -um, mountain-, 

MOUNTAINOUS. 

mora, -ae, f., tUiay, 

morbiiB, -i, m., sickness^ disease. 
(Morbid). 

Moroius, -!, m., Morcius. 

morded, 2, momordi, morsum, 
biU. [Morsel). 

moribundos, -a, -urn, adj., [mo- 
rior], dying^. 

morior, 3, mortuus, die. Cf. ex- 
splro. 

moror, i, -atus, [mora], de/ay. 

mora, mortis, £., dea/A 

mortftlis, -e, adj., [mors], mor- 
tal, deadly. 

mortifer, -era, -erum, [mors -f 
fero], death-bringing, deadly, 

fatal. 
mortauB, -a, -um, adj., [part, of 

mprior], dead. 
m59, moris, m., manner, custom ; 

pL conduct, character. (Moral). 
m5tas, -us, m., [moved], motion. 
moved, 2, m5vi, motum, move, 

arouse. 
moz, adv., soon, presently. 
mtlgltus, -us, m., [mugi5 = bel- 

low], bellowing, lowing. 
mulced, 2, -si, -sum, soothe. 
mulctrSrinm, -i, n., [mulged = 

milk"], milking-pail. 
mulier, -eris, f., woman, Cf. fe- 

mina. 


multa, -ae, i.,fine, penalty. (Mulct). 
molti-plex, -icis, adj., [multus + 

plico =/<?/</], manifold y various. 
miiltitiid5, -inis, £., [multus], 

multitude, 
multd, I, -avi, -atum, [multa], 

fine, punish, MULCT. 
multum, adv., [multus], muck. 
multus, -a, -um, adj., much, many. 

(Multiply). 
miliii5, 4, -ivi, -itum, [moenia = 

f or lificcdions'\, fortify. (Munition). 
mtlnus, -eris, n., o/fji ; office. Cf. 

donum. (Remiintrate). 
mfbiiB, -i, m., locUl. Cf. paries. 
mQs, muris m., MOUSE, 
musca, -ae, f.,y?K. (Moequito). 
mAt5, I, -avi, -atum, change, ex- 
change. (Mutual). 
M^sia, -ae, f., Mysia, a country 

ot Asia Minor. 


nam, con]., for. Cf. enim. 
nanciaoor, 3, nactus or nanctus, 

obtain. 
nSrSs, -ium, f., nostrils, nose. Cf. 

nasus. 
narrd, i, -avi, -atum, /!f//,NARRAT£. 
nSscor, 3, natus, be bom. (Natal). 
n&BUS, -i, m., nose. (Nasal). Cf. 

nares. 
natd, I, -avi, -atum, swim, float. 

(Natatorium). 
natiira, ae, f., [nascor], na- 
ture. 
nStus, us, m., [nascor], birth. 
nfttus, -i, m., [nascor], son. Cf. 

filius. 
naufragium, -i, n., [navis -f- 

frango], shipwreck ; naufragium 

faci5 = be shipwrecked. 


NAUSEA 


198 


NOMEN 


nausea, -ae, f., sea-sickness. 
nauta, -ae, m., [for navita from 

navis], sailor. 
nautious, -a, -um, adj., [nauta], 

NAUTICAL. 

n&vigStid, -5nis, f. [navigo], 
sailings navigation. 

nftvigd, I, -avi, -atum, jnavis -f- 
ago], saily navigate. 

nSvis, -is, f., ship, (Maual). 

nS, conj., that . . . not, /est, not ; as 
adv., ne . . . quidem = not . . . 
even. 

-ne, interrog. enclitic particle. 
Cf. nonne, num. 

neo. See neque. 

neoessSrid, adv., [necesse], ne- 
cessarily, unavoidably. 

necesae, neuter indecl. adj., ne- 
cessary. 

need, I, -avi, -atum, kill, slay. 
Cf. occido. 

nefanduB, -a, -um, adj., [ne + far! 
to be mentioned^ horrible. 

neg-leg5, 3, -lex!, -lectum, [nee], 
NEGLECT, disregard. 

neg5, I, -avi, -atum, [ne + aio = 
say\ say no, deny, refuse. {Ne.ga- 
tlue). 

neg-dtium, -i, n., [nee], business, 
matter, trouble, task. {Negotiate). 

nfimOy -inis, c, [ne + homo], no 
one, nobody. Cf. nullus. 

nempe, adv., certainly^ truly. 

nemus, -oris, n., wood, grove. Cf . 
silva, saltus. 

nep5s, -Otis, c, grandson, grand- 
daughter, nephew, niece. 

ne-que or nee, conj. and adv., 
and not, not ; neque . . . neque 
= neither . . . nor. 

Ner5, -onis, m., Nero. 


nenruB, -i, m., sinew, nerve; 

strength. 
nS-80i5, 4, -ivi or -ii, -itum, not 

know, be ignorant; nescio quis 

= somebody, some. Cf. ignore. 
nSscius, -a, -um, adj., [nescio |, 

ignorant. Cf. ignarus, Tnscius. 
Nessus, -i, m., Nessus, centaur 

slain by Hercules. 
nidus, -i, m., nest. 
niger, -gra, -gruni, adj., black. 

{Negro). Cf. fuscus. 
nihil, n., indecl., nothing. {Nihtliat). 
nibilum, -1, n., nothing; nihil! = 

0/ no value. 
nlmlrum, adv., [ne + minim], no 

wonder. 
nimis, adv., too much. 
nimium, adv., [nimis], too much. 
ni-si, conj., if not, unless. 
nisus, -us, m., [nitor], struggle, 

effort. 
nitidus, -a, -um, adj., [niteo = 

shine^, shining, well conditioned, 

sleek, fat. 
nItor, 3, nisus and nixus, strive, 

push. 
niveuB, -a, -um, adj., [nix], snow- 
white, snowy. 
niz, nivis, f., snow. 
ndbilia, -e, adj., [nosco], noble, 

well born. 
noced, 2, -ui, -itum, do harm to, 

hurt. (Inwoccwt). 
noctfl, adv., [nox], by night. 
nocturnus, -a, -um, adj., [noctii], 

of the night, NOCTURNAL. 
Nola, -ae, f., Nola. 
n515, nolle, nolui, [ne -f volo], be 

unwilling, not wish. 
nomen, -inis, n., [nosco], name. 

{Nominate). 


NON 


199 


OBSCURUS 


n6n, adv., [ne -I- unum], not. Cf. 

baud. 
n5n-dum, adv., not yet, 
n5n-ne, interrog. adv., (expects 

the answer yes), not ? Cf . -ne, 

num. 
n5n-nullu8, -a, -um, adj., (not 

none), sotne. 
D5n-nunquain, adv., (not never), 

sometimes, Cf. interdum. 
1163, nostrum and nostrl, pers. 

pron., %ve. 
noster, -tra, -trum, pron. adj., 


our, ours. 


notd, I, -a VI, -atum, mark, note. 

ndtus, -a, -um, adj., (part, of 
nosco), knaivn, ivell-kno^vn, cele- 
brated. 

novem, indecl. num. adj., nine. 

novitSa, -atis, f., [novus], new- 
nesSy novelty, 

novus, -a, -um, adj., nnv. (Novel). 

nox, noctis, f., night, 

nozia,-ae, f., [noceo], harm j hurt. 
(Noxious). 

nflbSB, -is, f., cloud. 

ndb5, 3, nups!, nuptum, (veil 
one's self), marry, Cf. duco. 

nfld5, I, -a VI, -atum, [nudus], 
stripy lay bare. 

nudus, -a, -um, adj , naked , bare, 

NUDE. 

nullus, -a, -um, adj., [ne + ullus], 
not any, none, no. (Null). Cf. 
nem5. 

num, interrog. adv., (expects the 
answer «^); in indirect question, 
whether, Cf. -ne, nonne. 

nunier5, i, -avi, -atum,[numerus], 
county NUMBER ; pay. 

numerus, -!, m., number ; musi- 
cal measure, music. 


nummus, -I, m., coin, money. Cf. 
pecunia. 

num-quid, interrog. adv., is there 
anything ? 

nunc, adv., now. Cf. iam. 

nunquam, adv., [ne 4- unquam], 
never. 

nfLntid, i, -avT, -atum, [nuntius], 
a«-NOUNCE, telly report. 

nfLntius, -1, m., messenger, (£• 
nuntiate), 

nflper, adv., [novum -f per], late- 
ly, recently. 

nflptiae, -arum, f., [nubo], wed- 
ding, NUPTIALS. 

nflrus, -us, f., daughter-in-law. 

ndtiiz, -Tcis, f., [nutrio = nurse\ 
nurse, ( Nutriment ) . 

nuz, nucis, f., nut, 

nympha, -ae, f., nymph. 


5, inter j., O! Oh! 

ob, prep. w. ace, on account ofy 

for. 
ob-ddcd, 3, -duxl, -ductum, draw 

over, cover. Cf. obtego. 
ob-ici5, 3, -ieci, -iectum, [iaci5], 

throw in the way of, expose. 

(Objection). 
ob-iurgd, i, -avI, -atum, reproach, 

chide, reprove. 
ob-lino, 3, -levi, -litum, smear, 
obllvlscor, 3, oblltus, forget. 

(Oblivion). 
ob-oediSns, -entis, adj., [part, of 

ob-oedio = ob + audio], obe- 
dient. 
ob8c€b:5, i, -av!, -atum, [obscu- 

rus], darken, obscure. 
obscflrus, -a, -um, adj., dark^ 

obscure. 


OBSECRO 


200 


ONERO 


ob-8ecr5, i, -avi, -atum, [sacro], 
entreaty implore. Cf. obtestor. 

ob-Ber5, i, -avi, -atum, lock up^ 
bolt. 

ob-servd, i, -avi, -atum, watch , 

OBSERVE. 

obses, -idis, c , [ob + sedeo], 
hostage. 

ob-sided, 2, -sedi, -sessum, [se- 
deo], sit down before, besiege. 
Cf. oppugno. 

obsolStus, -a, -um, adj., worn 
out, decayed, obsolete. 

ob-strud, 3, -struxi, -structum, 

block up, OBSTRUCT. 

ob-8tupe-faci5, 3, -feci, -factum, 
amaze, astound, stupefy. 

ob-tegd, 3, -texl, -tectum, cover 
up. Cf. obduco. 

ob-testor, i, -atus, entreat, im- 
plore. Cf. obsecro. 

ob-tine5, 2, -tinui, -tentum, [te- 
neo], holdy possess, gain, obtain. 

ob-viam, adv., in the way, 
towards, to meet. 

ob-vius, -a, -um, adj., [via], meet- 
ing, to meet ; OBVIOUS. 

occft8i5, -onis, f., [occido], occa- 
sion, opportunity. Cf. facultas. 

occftsus, -us, m., [occido], going 
down, setting, sunset, west. 

occido, 3, -cidi, -casum, [ob + 
cado], fall down, perish, die. 
Cf. occumbo. 

occId5, 3, -cidi, -cisum, [ob + 
caedo], cut down, kill, slay. Cf. 
neco. 

OCCUl5, 3, -culul, -cultum, cover 
up, hide. Cf. operio, tego. 

occult5, I, -avi, -atum, [occulo], 
hide. {Occultation). 

oooultns, -a, -um, adj., [part, of 


occulo], concealed, hidden ; in 

occulto = in secret. {Occult). 
occiimb5, 3, -cubui, -cubitum, 

[ob -f- (-cumbo) = to lie], fall 

down, die. Cf. occido. 
occupd, I, -avi, -atum, [ob -f 

capiS], take possession of, seize, 

hold, OCCUPY. Cf. potior. 
oc-curro, 3, -curri, -cursum, [ob], 

run up to, meet ; OCCUR. 
dceauus, -i, m., ocean. 
oct5, indecl. num. adj., eight. 

(Octave). 
oculus, -i, m., eye. [Oculist), 
odium., -i, n., [odi = hate], hatred. 

{Odious). 
odor, -oris, m., smell, odor. 
odor or, i, -atus, [odor], .ww^// out. 
Oechalia, -ae, f., Oechalia, a 

town in Euboea. 
of-fendo, 3, -fendi, -fensum, [ob 

-(- (-fendo) = ward off], strike 

upon, hit upon ; offend. 
of-fer5, -ferre, obtuli, oblatum, 

[ob], present, offer; expose. 
officina, -ae, f., [opus + facio], 

work-shop. 
ofiScium, -i, n., [opus -+- facio], 

duty, service. {Office)- 
oleum, -i, n., oil. {Oleaginous). 
olim, adv., [ollus, old form for 

ille], once, formerly. Cf. ali- 

quando, quondam. 
o-mftt5, 3, -mis!, -missum, [ob], 

lose, throw away, neglect, pass 

over, omit. 
omnin5, adv., [omnis], altogether, 

wholly. 
omnis, -e, adj., every, all, the 

ivhole. (Omn/potent). Cf. totus. 
onero, i, -avi, -atum, [onus], load^ 

burden. {Exonerate). 


ONUS 


20 1 


PALMA 


onoB, •eris, n., loady burden. 
[Onerous). 

onustUB, -a, -urn, adj., [onus], 
loaded, laden. 

opera, ^ae, f., [opus],/fl/«j, work, 
labor ^ service. (Operate). 

operi5, 4, -ui, -ertum, cover. Cf. 
occulo, tego. 

op6s, -um, f., riches, wealth. 
(Opulent). Cf. divitiae. 

opimuB, -a, -uni) adj., wealthy, 
rich. 

opIni5, -6nis, f., opinion ; repu- 
tation; expectation. 

oportet, 2, -uit, impers., [opus], 
// is necessary, (one) might, must. 

oppid2UiU8, -1, m., [oppidum], 
townsman. 

oppidum, •!, n., town. Cf. urbs. 

op-p5nd, 3, -posu!, -positum, 
[ob], place against, oppose. 

opportiinus, -a, -um, adj., con- 
venient, suitable, OPPORTUNE. 

opprimd, 3, -pressl, -pressum, 
[ob H- premo], overcome, over- 
power, OPPRESS, crush ; surprise. 

op-pflgn5, I, -a VI, -atum, [ob], 
attack, besiege. Cf. obsideo. 

optimus, -a, -um, adj., [superl. 
of bonus], best, very good, excel- 
lent. (Optimist). 

optd, I, -avi, -atum, choose, wish 
for. Cf. deligo. [Optative). 

opus, -eris, n., work, labor. Cf. 
labor. 

6ra, -ae, f., margin, shore. Cf. 
litus, margo. 
. 5r2ciUum, -1, n., [6ro], oracle. 

5r&ti5, -onis, f., [oro], speech, 

ORATION. 

5rfttor, -oris, m., [oro], speaker, 

ORATOR. 


drd5, -inis, m., row, arrangement, 
ORDER ; ex or dine = in order. 

oriSns, -entis, m., [part, of orior], 
rising ; east.. (Orient). 

orior, 4, with some forms of 3, 
ortus, rise ; orta luce = at dawn. 

dmd, I, -av!, -2X\xm,ftt outt a^-ORN, 

ORNAMENT. 

6r6, I, -av!, -atum, \oi\,pray, beg, 
speak. Cf. rogo. 

Orpheus, -1, m., Orpheus, a fa- 
mous musician of Thrace. 

6s, oris, n., mouth, fc^e. (Oral). 

OS, ossis, n., bone. (Oaaliy). 

ostendd, 3, -di, -tensum and -ten- 
tum, [ob(s) -|- tendo], shozv, ex- 
plain. (Ostensible). Cf. demon- 
stro. 

dstium, -I, n., [os], door, doorway. 
Cf. fores, ianua. 

ostrum, -1, n., purple. 

dtium, -T, n., leisure, ease ; holiday. 

ovile, -is, n., [ovis], sheepfold. 

ovis, -is, f., sheep. 

dvum, -i, n., egg; ab 6v6 usque 
ad mala = from beginning to 
end. (Ooal). 


p&bulum, -T, n., [pasc5], fodder, 

food, sustenance. Cf. cibus. 
Padius, -1, m., Padius. 
paene, adv., nearly, almost. Cf. 

fere. 
paenitet, 2, -uit, impers., [poena], 

it repents (one) ; paenitet me = 

/ repent. 
palam. (i) adv., openly ; (2) prep. 

w. abl., before, in the presence of . 
pallium, -1, n., cloak. (Palliate). 
palma, -ae, f., FAiM-tree; palm. 

prize, victory. 


PALUS 


202 


PAVIDUS 


pftlus, -1, m., stake. (Impale). 
palus, -udis, £., marsh. Cf. 

stagnum. 
pandd, 3, pandl, pansum and 

passum, j/r^«^, unfold ^ ^jr-PAND, 

open. Cf. patefacio. 
p&nis, -is, m., bready loaf. 
panndsus, -a^ -urn, adj., [pannus 

— ^^i\* ^^S.K^^i tattered. 
Panurgius, -!, m., Panurgius. 
pSr, paris, adj., equals like. (Par). 

Cf. aequus. 
parfttus, -a, -um, adj., [part, of 

paro], ready^ pre-VhVC^H. 
parcS, 3, peperci and parsi, par- 

citum and parsum, use sparingly; 

spare. (Parsimony). 
parous, -a, -um, adj., [parco], 

tkrtfty, frugal. Cf. frugalis. 
parSii8,-€ntis, c. [pari5], parent. 
pftred, 2, -ui, be obedient to^ obey. 
paries, -et is, m.,wa//. Cf. murus. 
pari5, 3, peperi, partum and pari- 

tum, bring forth J produce. 

creo, gigno. 
pariter, adv., |par], equally, 
par5, I, -a VI, -atum, maket^dyy 

pre-VAVCE.y build, procure. 
pars, partis, f., part, share^ direc- 
tion, sidct place. 
partim, adv., [pars], partly. 
parum, adv., too little^ not very. 
parum-per, 2A\.,for a short time. 

Cf. paulisper. 
parvus, -a, -um, adj., small, little. 

Cf. exiguus. 
pft8c5, 3, pavl, pastum, feed ; 

PASTURE. 
pSLscor, 3, pastus, \^2&Q,o\,brorwse ; 

support one*s self. 
passim, adv., [pas.sus], /;/ all 

directions ; here and there. 


passus, -us, m., [pateo], step, pace ; 
mille passuum = a mile. Cf. 
gressus. 

pitotor, -oris, m., [pasco], shep- 
herd. (Pastor). 

pate-facid, 3, -feci, -factum, 
[pateo], open^ throw open. Cf. 
pand5. 

pate5, 2, ^1, lie open, stand open. 
(Patent). 

pater, -tris, m., father. 

patemus, -a, -um, adj., [pater], 
of or belonging to a father ^ pa- 
ternal. 

patiSns, -entis, adj., [part, of pa- 
tior], enduringy patient. 

patienter, adv., [patiensj, pa- 
tiently. 

patientia, -ae, f., [patior], endur- 
ancCy patience. 

patior, 3, passus, suffer^ allozu. 
Cf. tolero. 

patria, -ae, f., [pater], father- 
land, country. (Patriot). 

patrimoniuxu, -!, n., [pater], in- 
heritance , estate t patrimony. 

patruus, -1, m., [pater], uncle. 

paucus, -a, -um, ad j .yfe%v. ( Paucity ) . 

pauiatim, adv., [paulum], by 

degrees ; little by little. 
paulisper, adv., [paulum -f per], 

for a little while. Cf. parumper. 
pauld, adv., [paulus], a little. 
paulum, adv., [paulus], a little. 
pauper, -eris, adj., poor ; noun, 

poor person. (Pauper). Cf. ege- 

nus. 
paupertfts, -atis, f., [pauper], 

poverty. 
pavidus. -a, -um. adj., [paveo = 

trewb/e], trembling; terrified, 

fearful. 


PAVO 


203 


PERLUSTRO 


pftvd, -onis, m., peacock, 

pavor, -oris, m., [pave6 = /r^/w- 

ble\y feaTf drecui, alarm. Cf. 

timor. 
p5x, pads, f., PEACE. {Pacify). 
pectus, -oris, n., breast. (Pectoral). 
peciUium, -1, n., [pecus], private 

purse. Cf . loculi. 
pectima, -ae, f., [pecus], money. 

Cf. nummus. [Pecuniary). 
pecus, -oris, n., herd of cattle^ 

flock. Cf . pecus, -udis. 
pecus, -udis, f., single head of 

cattle. Cf. pecus, -oris. 
pedes, -ids, m., [pes], foot-sol- 
dier. 
Pelifts, -ae, m., Pelias, king of 

Thessaly, uncle of Jason. 
pellis, -is, f., skin^ hide. Cf. 

cutis. 
pell5, 3, pepuli, pulsum, beat, 

drive. (Pulse). 
pende5, 2, pependi, kang", be sus- 

PENDED. 

PSnelopS, -es, f., Penelope, wife 
of Ulysses. 

penetr&lia, -ium, n., interior, in- 
ner part of a building. (Pene- 
trate). 

penna, -ae, f., feather, wing. 
(Pen). Cf. ala. 

peperci, perf. of parco. 

per, prep, w. ace, through, by 
means of 

per-ag5, 3, -egf, -actum, carry 
through, accomplish, complete, 
Cf. perficio. 

per-cipi6,3,-cepi,-ceptum,[capi6], 
P^CEIVE ; feel. Cf. sentio. 

per-ourrd, 3, -cucurrl or -curri, 
-cursum, run through, pass 
through. 


per-cuti5, 3, -cuss!, -cussum, [qua- 
tio = shake], strike. (Percussion). 

per-d5, 3, -didi, -ditum, lose, de- 
stroy. (Perdition), Cf. amitto. 

per-dflc5, 3,-duxT, -ductum, bring, 
lead or con-HMQi through. 

per-e5, -Ire, -ii, -itum, perish. 

per-erro, i, >avi, -atum, wander 
through. Cf. perlustro. 

per-fero, -ferre, -tull, -latum, carry 
through, convey; endure, with- 
stand. 

per-ficid, 3, -feci, -fectum, [facio], 
complete, accomplish, perfect. 
Cf. perago. 

perfidus, -a, -um, adj., [per -f- 
fides], treacherous, PERFIDIOUS. 

per-fld, I, -avi, -atum, blow 
through or over. 

per-ford, i, -avT, -atum, bore 

through, PERFORATE. 

per-fring5, 3, -fregi, -fractum, 

[frango], break through ; dash in 

pieces. 
per-fugi5, 3, -fug!, flee (for 
. refuge). 
perfugium, -i, n., [perfugio], jA^/- 

ter, refuge. 
per-fungor, 3, -functus, perform, 

fulfil. ( Perfunctory ) . 
pergo, 3, perrexi, perrectum, [per 

+ rego] , go on, continue, go. 
PericlSs, -is and -!, m., Pericles. 
perfcul5sus, -a, -um,|periculum], 

dangerous. 
periculum, -!, n., [-perior =try], 

risk, danger, peril. 
perltia, -ae, f., [peritus], skill, ex- 

pf.riencf. 
peritus, -a, -um, adj., [part, of 

-perior = try\ skilful. 
per-lustr5, i, -av!, -atum, wander 


PERMANEO 


204 


PLERUMQUE 


through or over; survey. Cf. 

pererro. 
per-mane5, 2, -mansi, -mansum, 

sfay through^ r^-MAIN. 
Persae, -arum, m., Persians. 
per-scrlbS, 3, -scripsi, -scriptum, 

write at length, 
per-solvd, 3, -solvi, -solutum, re- 
lease; pay, Cf. exsolvo. 
persona, -ae, f., [persono], party 

character ^ PERSON. 
per-8on5, i, -ul, r/- sound. 
per-spicid, 3, -spex!, -spectum, 

[specio], look aty perceive. 
per-su&ded, 2, -suasi, -suasum, 

PERSUADE. 

per-territus, -a, -um, adj., [part, 
of perterreo], thoroughly fright- 
ened ^ terrified. 

per-tinftcia, -ae, f., [pertinax], 
perseverance ; obstinacy, PERTI- 
NACITY. Cf. pervicacia. 

per-tinaz, -acis, adj., [tenax], 
steadfast^ obstinate, pertina- 
cious. 

per-turbd, i, -avi, -atum, throw 
into confusion, dis-TVKB. (Perturb). 

per-veni5, 4, -veni, -ventum, ar- 
rive at, reach. Cf. advenio, 
attingo. 

pervicacia, -ae, f, [pervicax = 
stubborn^ stubbornness. Cf. per- 
tinacia. 

p68, pedis, vci.ifoot. (Pedal). 

pestds, -is, f ., plague^ pest, pesti- 
lence. 

pet5, 3, -ivi or -ii, -itum, seeh ; aim 
at; attach; demand, (Petition), 

pharus, -i, f., lighthouse. 

Phftsis, -idis or -idos, m., Phasis, 
river flowing into the Black Sea. 

Philippus, -1, m., Philip. 


philosophia, -ae, f., philosophy. 

philosophus, -i, m., philoso- 
pher. 

Phlneus, -T, m., Phineus, king 
of Salmydessus in Thrace. 

Phrizus, -1, m., Phrixus, brother 
of Helle. 

Phrygia, -ae, f., Phrygia, coun- 
try in Asia Minor. 

Phyllis, -idis and -idos, f., 
Phyllis. 

plctos, -a, -um, adj., [part, of pin- 
go], ^w^^/V/^fr^^/. {Picture), 

Piger, -gra, -grum, adj., [piget], 
slow, lazy, idle, inactive, 

piget, 2, -uit or -itum est, impers., 
/'/ disgusts; piget me = / am 
disgusted. 

pinguis, -e, zd).,fat, 

piscfttor, -oris, m., [piscis], fish- 
erman, ( Piscatorial ) . 

piscis, -is, m.yfish. 

pistor, -oris, m., baher, 

pix, picis, f., pitch. 

placenta, ae, f., cake. 

placed, 2, -Ul, -itum, please. 

placidS, adv., [placed], quietly, 
placidly. 

plftcd, I, -avi, -atum, calm^ ap- 
pease, PLACATE. 

plaga, -ae, f., net. 

Plancus, -I, m., Plancus. 

plaudS, 3, -si, -sum, clap, ap- 
plaud. 

plaustrum, -1, n., wagon, cart. 

plausus, -us, m., rt/-PLAUsE. 

plSbs, -is, f., common people, popu- 
Icue. (Plebeian). 

plSnus, -a, -um, adj., [pleo —fill]* 
full. (Plenty). 

plSnunque, adv., commonly, of- 
ten. Cf saepe. 


PLORO 


20S 


PRAECLARUS 


pldrd, I, -avi, -atum, bewail, de- 
PLORE. 

plflrimus, -a, -um, adj., [superl. 
of multus], most. 

pltia, pluris, adj., [comp. of mul- 
tus], more. (Plural). 

plfls, adv., [plus, adj.], more. 

Flatus, -T, m., Plutus. 

pSculum, -1, n., cu/>, bowl. 

poena, -ae, f., [punioj, penalty, 
punishment ; sumo poenas = / 
punish ; do poenas = I am pun- 
ished. 

poSta, -ae, m., poet. 

polliceor, 2, -itus, promise. Cf. 
promitto. 

PolyphSmus, -I, m., Polyphe- 
mus, (i) a Cyclops; (2) one of 
the Argonauts. 

pomum, -T, n., fruit; apple. Cf. 

malum- 
pondiis, -eris, n., [pendo = weigh]^ 

weight. (Ponderous). 
pdn5, 3, posuT, positum, place. 

(Position), Cf. colloco. 
pdns, pontis, m., bridge. (Pontoon). 
porculus, -T, m., [porcus], such- 

ing pig. 
porous, -T, m., pig. (Por/(). Cf. 

BUS. 

por-rig5, 3, -rex!, -rectum, (pro 

-f rego], stretch out, offer. 
'pOTtdL.-^it^i., gate, door. (Portal). 

Cf. fores, ianua, ostium. 
portentum, -i. n., [portendo], 

omen, PORTENT, marvel. 
port5, I, -a VI, -atum, carry. Cf. 

fero, veho. (Porter). 
portus, -us, m., harbor, port. 
posc5, 3, poposci, beg, beg for, 

demand. Cf. postulo. 
possum, posse, potui, [potis = 


able + sum], be able, be pos 
SIBLE, can. 
post, prep. w. ace, after. 
post-eSl, adv., afterwards. 
posterus, -a, -um, adj., [post], 

next, following. ( Posterity ) . 
post-hftc, adv., after this time, in 

future. 
postis, -is, m., door-vo^'^. 
post-quam, conj., after, when. 
postrSm5, adv., [postremus, su- 
perl. of posterus], at last, finally. 
Cf. demum, denique, tandem. 
postrldiS, adv., [posterus -j- 

dies], on the next day. 

postuld, I, -a VI, -atum, [poscoj, 

ask, demand. (Postulate)- Cf. 

posco. 

potior, 4, -itus, (potis = able], get 

possession of, obtain. Cf . occupo. 

potius, adv., [comp. of potis = 

able\, rather. 
prae, prep. w. abl., before ; on ac- 
count of 
prae-acfltus, -a, -um, adj., sharp- 
ened at the end. 
praebe5, 2, -uT, -itum, [prae + 
habeo], hold forth, offer^ give ; 
show ; supply. 
prae-caved, 2, -cavT, -cautum, 

take care, use precaution. 
prae-ceps, -cipitis, adj., [caput], 

headlong ; PRECIPITOUS. 
prae-cipio, 3, -cepi, -ceptum, 
[capio], take in advance, antici- 
pate; warn; order, direct. (Precept). 
praecipito, i, -avi, -atum, throw 

head first, PRECIPITATE. 
praecipuS, adv., [praecipio], 
chiefly, especially. Cf. maxime. 
prae-ciarus, -a, -um, adj., cele- 
brated. 


PRAEDA 


206 


PRIUSQUAM 


praeda, -ae, f ., booty ^ prey. 
prae-dlc5, 3, -dixT, -dictum, yZv^- 

tell, PREDICT. 

praeditus, -a, -urn, adj., [part, of 
praedo], endowed with, 

praedori i, -atus, [praedo = rob- 
ber] ^ plunder. 

praefectus, -1, m., [praeficio], 
commander^ governor, [Prefect). 

prae-ficio, 3, -feci, -fectum, [fa- 
cio], set over, place in command. 

prae-lambd, 3, -bl, -bitum, lick 
or taste first. 

praemium, -1, n., reward^ prize. 
[Premium). 

prae-mone5, 2, -ul, -itum, fore- 
warn. ( P remonition ) . 

prae-rumpd, 3, -rupi, -ruptum, 
break off. 

prae-ruptus, -a, -um, [part, of 
praerumpo], steep. 

praescrlbd, 3, -scrips!, -scriptum, 
appoint^ direct f prescribe, advise. 

prae-scriptum, -1, n., [prae- 
scribo], ruky order. [Prescription). 

praesSns, -entis, adj., [prae -h 
sum], present, immediate. 

praesentia, -ae, f., [praesens], 

tke PRESENT. 

prae-Benti5, 4, -sens!, -sensum, 
/eel beforehand, have a presen- 
timent. 

praeses, -id is, m., [prae -f se- 
deo], protector, gtiard. [Presi- 
dent). 

praesidinm, -!, n., [praeses], 
guard, watch. Cf. excubiae. 

praest^s, -antis, adj., [part, of 
praesto], remarkable, conspicu- 
ous. Cf. egregius, !nsTgnis. 

prae-st5, i, -stiti, -stitum and 
-statum, fulfil ; show, put forth. 


prae-sum, -esse, -f ui, preside over, 

superintend, take the lead. 
praeter, prep. w. ace, beyond^ be- 
sides, except. 
praeter-eo, -ire, -ivi or -ii, -itum. 

pass by. 
praeteritus, -a, -um, adj., [part. 

of praetere6],/<7.f/. (Preterite). 
praeter-mltt5, 3, -mis!, -missum . 

pass over, o-UlT, lose. 
praeter-vehor, 3, -vectus, ride 

or sail by. 
praetor, -oris, [prae -f eo], prae 

TOR, a Roman magistrate. 
praetdrium, -1, n., [praetor], 

generaPs tent. 
prfttum, -!, n., meadow'. 
precSs, -\xm,i.t prayers, 
prehen^5, 3, -hend!, -hensum, 

grasp, seize. 
prem5, 3, press!, pressum, press, 

^/-press ; check. 
preti5su8. -a, -um, adj ., [pretium], 

valuable, PRECIOUS, 
pretium, -!, n., price, value, 
pridiS, adv , [prae -f dies], on the 

day before. 
prim5, adv., [pr!mus], at first. 

Cf. primum. 
priinum, adv., [primus], first. 

Cf. prima 
primus, -a, -uin, adj., [superl. of 

prior], /r J/. (Prime). 
princeps, -ipis, adj. and noun, 

[primus + capio], chief, prince. 
prior, prius, adj., [comp. from 

obsol. prep, pri], before, former, 

PRIOR. 

pristinus, -a, -um, adj., [prius], 

former, early, PRISTINE. 
prius, adv., [prior], before. 
prius-quam, conj., before ; some- 


PRIVATUS 


207 


PROSTERNO 


times separated by words, thus ; 
prius . . . quatn. 

privatus, -a, -um, [privo = sepa- 
rate], (i) part., deprived of; 
(2) adj., aparty private. 

pr6, prep. w. abl., for, on behalf 
of in return for ; before. 

probitas, -atis, f., [probus], up- 
rightness, honesty, probity. 

probrum, -I, n., disgrace, reproach. 
{Opprobrious). Cf. dedecus. 

probus, -a, -um, adj., virtuous, 
honest. 

pro-c§dd, 3, -cessi, -cessum, go 
forward, advance, PROCEED. 

procella, -ae, f., violent storm, 
httrricane. Cf. turbd. 

pr5cSru8, -a, -um, adj., high, tall, 
long. 

procul, adv., afar, far off. 

pr6-curr6, 3, -cucurrl and -curri, 
-cursum, run forward. 

prodigS, adv., [prodigus], extra- 
vagantly, PRODIGALLY. 

prodigium, -T, n., marvel, miracle, 

PRODIGY. 

prddigus, -a, -um, adj., wasteful, 

lavish, PRODIGAL. 

prdditor, -oris, m., [prodo], 
traitor, 

prod5, '^,-d\d^,-A\t\xm, give forth; 
betray, deliver up. 

pro-duco, 3, -dilxf, -ductum, 
bring forward, PRODUCE; pro- 
long. 

proelium, -I, n., battle. Cf. pugna. 

profectio, -onis, f., [proficiscor], 
departure, start. 

proficiscor, 3, profectus, set out, 
start, march, go. 

pro-fundus, -a, -um, adj., deep, 

PROFOUND. 


prd-gredior, 3, -gressus, [gra- 

dior = step], advance. {Progress). 

Cf. i needs. 
pro-hibed. 2, -uT, -itum, [habeo], 

prevent, PROHIBIT. Cf. impedio. 
pro-icio, 3, -ieci, -iectum, [iacio], 

throw forward or away, throw ; 

stretch out, PROJECT. 
pro-inde, adv., then, therefore. 
pro-labor, 3, -lapsus, fall down, 

slip. 
prolSs, -is, f., offspring. {Prolific). 
pro-mitt5, 3, -misl, -missum, 

PROMISE. Cf. polliceor. 
promlssum, -T, n., [pr5mitt5], 

PROMISE. 

pr5in5, 3, -mpsi, -mptum, [pro -h 

emoj, bring out. 
prdmptus, -a, -um, adj., [part, of 

pr6m5], ready, quick, PROMPT. 
pr5-pello, 3, -pull, -pulsum, drive 

forward, PROPEL. 
proper 5, i, -avi, -atum, hasten, 

hurry. 
proplnquus, -a, -um, adj., [prope 

= near] neighboring, near ; noun, 

neighbor. {Propinquity). 
pr5-pond, 3, -posu!, -positum, set 

before, display ; offer, PROPOSE. 
proprius, -a, -um, adj., one's own, 

special, PROPER. 
propter, prep. w. ace, on account 

of; near, near by. 
prdra, -ae, f., prow. 
pro-sequor, 3, -secutus, follow. 

{Prosecute). 
pr5-silio, 4, -ui, [salio], leap forth. 
prospers, adv., [prosperus from 

pro + spero], prosperously, 

successfully. 
pro-stern 5, 3, -stravT, -stratum. 
I overthrow, PROSTRATE. 


PROSUM 


208 


QUATTUOR 


prd-suni) prod-esse, pro-fui, be 
useful tOy benefit^ profit. 

pr5-tinu8, adv., [tenus], forth- 
withy directly. Cf. statim. 

pr6-veh6, 3, -vexT, -vectum, carry 
forward. 

pr5-voc6, I, -avT, -atum, chal- 
lenge; PROVOKE. 

pr6-vol6, I, -Isxy fly forth y rush 
out. 

pr6-volv6, 3, -volvi, -volutum, 
roll forward. 

prozimus, -a, -um, adj., [superl. 
of comp. propior], nearest f last. 
{Proximity). 

prfldentia, -ae, f., [prudens = 
pro-videns], foresight, pru- 
dence. 

pdblicus, -a, -um, adj., [populus], 

PUBLIC. 

pudet, 2,-uit or -itum est, impers., 

// shames ; pudet me = / am 

ashamed. 
pudlcus, -a, -um, adj., [pudet], 

shamefaced, modest. 
pudor, -oris, m., [pudet], shame, 

modesty. 
puella, -ae, £., [dim. of puer],^>/. 

Cf. virgo. 
puer, -T, m., child, boy ; a puero 

^=from childhood. [Puerile). Cf. 

liberi. 
pflgna, -ae, f., fight, battle. [Pug- 
nacious). 
pfigno, I, -avi, -aXVim, fight. 
p^gnus, -1, m.ffist. 
pulcher, -chra, -chrum, adj., beatt- 

tiful,fair. Cf. formosus. 
pullus, -I, m., chicken, pullet. 
pulso, -I, -avT, atum, [pello], beat, 

knock. [Pulsate). 
piilvis, -ens, m., dust. (Puioertze). 


pt&nctus, -us, m., [pungo], sting, 
prick ; instant. [ Punctual) . 

pungo, 3, pupugi, punctum,/^rr^, 
prick, puncture. 

punio, 4, -ivi or il, -itum, [poena], 

PUNISH. 

purgo, I, -a VI, -atum, cleanse, clear: 
excuse. (Purge). 

purpureus, -a, -um, adj , [pur- 
pura = purple], PVKVi.E-colored, 

PURPLE. 

puteus, -1, m., well. 

puto, I, -avT, -atum, think. Cf. 
arbitror, cogito, existimo. 

putridus, -a, -um, adj., rotten, de- 
cayed, PUTRID. 


qua, adv., [qui], where. 

quadrigae, -arum, f., [quattuor 
+ juguva], four-horse chariot. 

quaer5, 3, -sivi, -sTtum, seek, ask, 
in-QViKE. (Question). Cf. inter- 
rogo, rogo. 

quaeso, 3, [old form of quaero], 
beg, pray. 

qu&lis, -e, pron. adj. [qui], of 
what sort. [Quality). 

quaxn, adv. and conj., [qui], how, 
as ; w. comp. = than ; w. su- 
perl. = as possible, e. g. quam 
plurimi, as many as possible. 

quam-ob-rem, adv., on which 
account, ivhy. 

quam-quam, conj., although. 

quantus, -a, -um, adj., [quam], 
how great, as. [Quantity). 

quftrtus, -a, -um, num. adj., 
[qmituor], fourth, [Quarter)- 

qua-si, adv., as if. 

quattuor, indecl. num. adj., 
four. 


-QUE 


209 


RECESSUS 


-que, enclitic conj., and. Cf. at- 
que, et. 

querous, -us, f., oak, Cf. r5bur. 

querSla, -ae, £., [queror], corn- 
plaint. 

queror, 3, questus, complain. 
(Querutoua). 

questus, us, m., [queror], com- 
plain/. 

qui, quae, quod, rel. pron., wAo, 
wkichf whaty that. 

quia, conj., because. Cf. quod. 

qul-oumque, quae-cumque,quod- 
cumque, indef. rel. pron., who- 
ever^ whatever. 

quidam, quaedam, quod(quid)- 
dam, indef. pron., certain^ a cer- 
tain one. 

quidem, adv., [qui + dem], in- 
deed; ne . . . quidem = «<?/ w/^/i. 

quiSs, -etis, f., rest^ quiet. Cf. 
requies. 

quiu, conj., [qui -f- ne], but that^ 
that ; baud multum afuit quin 
= very nearly, (lit. there was not 
much lacking but that), 

qulngen^ -ae, -a, num. adj., 
[qulnque -r centum], five hun- 
dred. 

quinquftgintft, indecl. num. adj., 
[qulnque], y?/?y. 

qulnque, indecl. num. adj.,ySz/^; 

quis (or qui), quae, quid (or quod) 
( I ) interrog. pron., who f which ? 
what? (2) indef. pron., any. 

quis-quam, quid-quam, (no fem. 
or pi.), indef. pron., any one^ 
anything. 

quis-que, quae-que, quid-que and 
quod- que, indef. pron., ecuh^ 
every. 

qu5, adv., [qui], whither, where. 


quod, conj., [qui], because Cf. 

quia. 
qu6-modo, adv., in what man- 
ner? how? 
quondam, adv., [quom := cum], 

once upon a time, once , formerly. 

Cf. aliquando, olim. 
quoniam, adv., [quom = cum + 

iam], since, because. 
quoque, adv., also, too. 
quot, indecl. pron. adj., how 

many ; as many as, as. 
quotiSs, adv., [quot], how often ; 

as oftefi as. 


r&dlcitus, adv., [radix], y^i^m the 

roots^ utterly, 
radius, -1, m., beam, ray. ^ 

r&diz, -ids, f., root. (Radical). 
rftmus, -i, m., branch, {Ramify). 
rapidus, -a, -um, adj., [rapio], 

swtft, RAPID. Cf. celer. 
raplna, -ae, f., [rapio], robbery, 

plunder y rapine. 
rapi5, 3, -ui, -tum, seize, sttatch, 

carry off. (Rapture). Cf. capio. 
raptim, adv., frapio], hurriedly. 
rftpum, -1, n., turnip. 
rati5, -onis, f., method, plan; 

REASON. 

ratis, -is, f., raft, vessel. 

raucus, -a, -um, hoarse, discordant. 

re-, inseparable particle meaning 
again, back. 

re-cSd5, 3, -cessi, -cessum, go 
back, retire, RECEDE. 

re-cSnsed, 2, -sui, -sum and -si- 
tum, retnew. 

receptus, -us, m., [recipi5], re- 
treat. 

reofiSBUS, -iis, m., corner, RECESS^ 


14 


RECIPIO 


2IO 


REPETO 


re-cipi5, 3, -cepT, -ccptum, [capio], 
recover, receive; se recipio = 
retreat ; animum recipio = re- 
cover the senses. 

Te-cre5, i, -avi, -atum, [creo], re- 
fresh . ( Recreation ). 

rSctfi, adv., [rectus], rightly. 

rSctus, -a, -um, [rego], straight, 

RIGHT. 

re-cuxnb5, 3, -cubui, he down. 

{Recumbent). Cf. accumbo. 
re-cuperd, i, -avT, -atum, [capio], 

get back, recover, {Recuperate). 
re-carT5, 3, -currT, run back, re- 

tire: RECUR. 
re-cfLsd, i, -avi, -atum, [causa], 

refuse. Cf. detrecto. 
red-d5, 3, -did!, -ditum, [re(d)], 

give back, restore^ RENDER, ^rz/^. 

Cf. restituo. 
red-ed, -ire, -ii, -itum, go back, re- 
turn. Cf. regredior, reverto. 
red-ig5, 3, -egi, -actum, [re(d)H- 

agoj, reduce. Cf. reduce. 
reditus, -us, m., [redeo], return. 
re-ddc5, 3, -duxl, -ductum, bring 

back; REDUCE Cf. redigo, 
reduz, -ucis, adj., [reduce], re- 

tumecL 
re-ferd, -ferre, rettuli, -latum, 

bring back ; relate ; refer ; pe- 

dem refero = retreat. Cf. re- 
ports, 
re-ficid, 3, -feci, -fectum, [facio], 

renew, repair. {Refectory). 
re-fugi5, 3, -i\\^,Jlee back, retreat, 

take REFUGE. 
re-fulge5, 2, -si, shine. (Refulgent). 
rSgia, -ae, f., [jegius], palace. 
rSgfna, -ae, f., [rex], queen. 
regi5, -onis, f., region^ district, 

country. 


rSgius, -a, -um, adj., [rex], royal, 

REGAL. 

r6gn5, i, -avi, -atum, [regnum], 
rule, REIGN. Cf. rego. 

rSgnum, -T, n., [rex], kingdom. 

*^6§S> 3» rexi, rectum, rule, direct 
Cf. regno. 

re-£;redior, 3, -gressus, [gradior 
= step^go back, return. Cf. re- 
deo, reverts. 

re-icid, 3, -ieci, -iectum, [iaci5], 
throiv back, REJECT. Cf. repu- 
dio, respu5. 

re>lSg5, I, -avi, -atum, banish, 

RELEGATE. 

re4inqu5, 3, -liqui, -lictum, Uave, 

RELINQUISH. 

reliquus, -a, -um, adj., [relinqud] 

remaining, the rest. 
remedimn, -1, n., [re -|- medeor], 

REMEDY, cure. 
rSxnigd, i, [remus + ago], ro7u. 
re-mltt5, 3, -misi, -missum, send 

back, REMIT. 

re-move5, 2, -movi, -m5tum, 

REMOVE. 

rSmus, -1, m., oar. 
re-nov6, i, -avi, -atum, renew, re- 
store, RENOVATE. 
re-nOntid, i, -avi, -atum, report, 

tf«-NOUNCE; RENOUNCE. 

re-pell5, 3, reppuli, -pulsum, 
drive away, repel, repulse. 

repents, adv., [repens = j?/^</<f«], 
suddenly. Cf. subito. 

re-peri5, 4, repperi, repertum, 
[pario], find^ discover, Cf. in- 
venio. 

repertor, -oris, m., [reperio], in- 
ventor, discoverer Cf. inventor. 

re-pet5, 3, -ivf or -if, -Itum, seek 
again ; resume ; exact. {Repetition). 


REPLEO 


211 


RUMPO 


re-ple5, 2, -evi, -etum.yf// up, fill. 

[Replete). 
i8-p5no, 3, -posui, -positum, slorg 

away; replace. (Repose). 
xe-port5, i, -avi, -atum, carry 

back^ gain, carry off. (Report). 

Cf. refero. 
re-pudi5, i, -avI, -atum, [pudet], 

reject ; divorce, REPUDIATE. Cf. 

respuo, reicio. 
re-pugno, i, -avi, -atum, fight 

against, resist. Cf. resisto. 
re-quiSs, -etis, f., rest, repose. 

(Requiem). Cf. quies. 
xe-quiS8o5, 2, -evi, -etum, rest, 

repose. • 

r68, rel, f., thing, circumstance, af- 

fiiir, business. 
re-serd, i, -avi, -atum, unlock, 

open. Cf. aperio. 
re-side5, 2, -sedi, [sedeo], remain, 

RESIDE. 

re-siat5, 3, -stiti, resist. Cf. 

repugno. 
re-sono, i, -avi, resound, echo. 
re-sponded, 2, -di, responsum, 

answer, RESPOND. 
resp5nsum, -i, n., [respondeo], 

answer, RESPONSE ; opinion. 
rSs-pflblica, rei-publicae, f., 

state, commonwealth, republic. 
re-8pu5, 3, -ui, spit out, reject. 

Cf. reicio, repudio. 
re-Btita5, 3, -ui, -utum, [statuo], 

put back, restore. (Restitution). 

Cf. reddo. 
re-B^g5, 3, -surreid, -surrectum, 

rise again. (Resurrection). 
re-tine5, 2, -ui, -tentum, [teneo], 

holdback, keep, RETAIN ; restrain. 
reus, -i, m., [res = suii\, prisoner, 

culprit. 


re-venid, 4, -veni, -ventum, come 

back, return. (Revenue), Cf. re- 

deo, reverts. 
rS-vSra, adv., in truth, in fact, 

indeed. 
re-vert6, 3, -ti, -sum, (reverter, 

dep. used in pres., imp , and 

fut.), return. (Revert). Cf. re- 

deo, revenio. 
rSx, regis, m., [rego], >&/>/f. (Regai) 
RhSnus. A, m., Rhine. 
Ricardus, -i, m., Richard. 
rided, 2, risi, risum, laugh at, 

laugh; ridicule. 
riged, 2, stiffen. 
rigidus, -a, -um, [rige5], stiff, 

RIGID. 

rima, -ae, f., crcu:k, chink. 
rlpa, -ae, f., bank. Cf. litus. 
rXsiis, -us, m., [rideo], laugh, 

laughter. (Risible). 
rfvuB, -i, m., stream, brook. (Riou- 

iet). Cf. amnis. 
rizor, i, -atus, qtiarrel. 
Robertus, -i, m., Robert. 
rSbur, -oris, n., oak, hard wood. 

(Robust). Cf. quercus. 
r5d5, 3, -si, -sum, gnaru. (Rodent). 
rogo, I, -avi, -atum, ask. Cf . in- 

terrogo, quaero. 
rogus, -i, ra., funeral pile. 
Rollo, -onis, m., RoLLO. 
R5ma, -ae, f., Rome. 
R5m^U8, -a, -um, adj., [Roma], 

Roman. 
Roscius, -i, m., Roscius. 
roseu8,-a, -um, adj., [rosa = r^j^], 

ROSY. 

rostrum, -i, n., [rodo], beak. 

(Rostrum). 
rump5, 3, rupi, ruptum, break, 

burst. (Eruption). 


RUO 


212 


SCIPIO 


ni5, 3, rui, rutum and ruitum, 
rush, {Ruin), 

rflpte, -is, f., [rump5], rock. Cf. 
saxom, scopulus. 

r&rsus, adv., [re-vorsus, part, of 
reverto], again, 

rf&B, ruris, n., the country, {Rural). 

rtlstious, -a, -um, adj., [nis], ru- 
ral, RUSTIC, country-. 

rfLsticus, -!, m., [rus], countryman, 

RUSTIC. 


sacous, -1, m., sack, bag. 

•aoer, -era, -crum, adj., holy, sa- 
cred. 

saoerdds, -otis, c, [8acer],/r/>//, 
priestess. {Sacerdotal). 

saora, -drum, n., [sacer], scured 
rites. 

sacrificiom, -1, n., [sacer + facid], 

SACRIFICE. 

saepe, adv., often, frequently. Cf. 

plerumque. 
saevus, -a, -um, adj., cruel, fierce^ 

sQTMige, Cf. ferus, ferox. 
sagitta, -ae, f., arrow. 
Sagittarius, -!, m., [sagitta], 

archer. 
Salmydesstts, -1, m., ^almy- 

DESSUS, a town in Thrace, 
saltern, adv., at least. 
saltd, I, -avi, -atum, [sali5 = 

leap\, dance, jump. 
(i) saltus, -us, m., [sali5 = leap\ 

leap. 
(2) saltus, -lis, m., woodland, glcuU^ 

wood, Cf. nemus, silva. 
saiabris, -bre, adj., [salus], 

healthy, SALUBRIOUS. 
salfls, -utis, f., health, safety, 

{Salutary). 


salfltd, I, -avi, -atum, [salus].. 
greet, SALUTE. 

salvS, [imp. of salved], good-day, 
welcome. 

salve5, 2, [salvus], be well ; sal- 
vere iubed = I bid yougood*day, 
•welcome. 

salvus, -a, -um, adj., unhurt, well. 

sanguineus, -a, -um, adj., [san- 
guis], bloody. {Sanguine). 

sanguis, -inis, -m., blood, {San- 
guinary). Cf. cruor. 

sftnd, I, -avi, -atum, [sanus], heal, 
cure. 

sSnus, -a, -um, adj., healthy, 
{Sane), 

sapiSns, -entis, adj., [part of sa- 
pio = be wise], wise, 

sapientia, -ae, f., [sapiens], wis- 
dom. 

SarraoSnus, -i, m., Saracen. 

sartor, -oris, m., [sarcio = patch], 
cobbler; tailor, 

satis, adv., enough, sufficiently. 
{Satisfy), 

sat3rru8, -1, m., satyr. 

saucius, -a, -um, adj., zdounded. 

sazum, -I, n., roch, stone. Cf 
rupes, scopulus. 

scando, 3, climb, ascEND. 

scapha, -ae, f., boat, skiff. 

soelerfttus, -a, -um, adj., [scelus], 
wicked. Cf. impius. 

soelus, -eris, n., crime, wickedness. 
Cf. crimen, f acinus. 

soientia, -ae, f., [scio], knowledge, 
SCIENCE, skill. 

soindd, 3, scidi, scissum, cut, 
tear, {Sciaaors), 

80i5, 4, scivi, sdtum, know, Cf. 
cognosce. 

solpid, -onis, m., staff, stick. 


SCOPULUS 


213 


SEU 


Boopnlus, -I; m., rock. Cf. rupes, 

saxum. 
8c5tl, -drum, m., Scots. 
scrfbd, 3, -psi, -ptum, [scrlba = 

clerli\^ write ; milites scrlbo = 

enroll troops ^ levy. {Scribble). 
scrIptor,-5ris, m., [scriboj, writer, 

author. {Script). 
scrfltor, I, -atus, examine care- 
fully. (Scrutiny). 
Scythia, -ae, f., Scythia. 
sS-, inseparable particle meaning 

apart. 
8S-c6dd, 3, -cessi, -cessum, go 

apart ^ withdraw. [Secede). 
Beoundum, prep. w. ace, [se- 

quor], after, along. 
seoundus, -a, -um, adj., [sequor], 

SECOND ; favorable. 
secflris, -is, f., [seco = cui\, axe. 
sS-ofbruB, -a, -um, adj., [cura], 

careless; safe, secure. Cf. in- 

columis, tutus. 
secus, adv., otherwise. 
sed, conj., but. Cf. at, autem. 
seded, 2, sedi, sessum, sit. {Ses - 

alon). 
sSdSs, -i.s, f., [sedeo], seat, abode. 
sSditid, -onis, f , sedition, revolt. 
sSditidsus, -a, -um, adj., [sediti5], 

mutinous, SEDITIOUS. 
sSdulus, -a, -um, adj., careful, 

zealous, SEDULOUS. 
aeges, -etis, f , cornfield. 
sSgnis, -e, adj., sloiu. 
sSgnitia, -ae, f., [segnis], slowness. 
semel, num. adv., once. 
aSmi-aniinis, -e, or semi-animus, 

-a, -um, adj., [semi- = half + 

anima = life\, half -dead. 
semper, adv., ever, always. 
senectfi3, -utis, f., \?>^\\ty\,old age. 


senez, senis, gen. plur. senum, 

m., old man. { Senile), 
aSnsus, -us, m., [senti5], feeling, 

SENSE. 

aententia. -ae, f., [sentio], opin- 
ion, purpose, (Sentiment). 

sentid, 4, sensi, sensum, feel, per- 
ceive. {Sensation). Cf. percipio. 

aepelid, 4, -pelivl, -pultum, bury. 

aeptem, indecl. num. adj., seven. 

aeptentridnea, -um, m., [septem 
-\- Triones = the seven plough 
oxen], (the seven stars near the 
North Pole, called the Great 
Bear), north. 

aeptimua, -a, -um, num. adj., 
[septem], seventh. 

aepulcrum, -1, n., [sepelid], tomb, 

SEPULCHRE. 

8epult{Lra,-ae, f, [sepeli5],^rft8/. 

(Sepulture). 
aequor, 3, secutus, follow, pursue. 

(Sequence). 
aerSnua, -a, -um, adj., clear, calm, 

unruffled, serene. 
aeimd, -onis, m., converscUion, dis- 
course; sermonem sero = talk, 

converse. (Sermon ) . 
(i) aerS, 3,seyi, satum. j^t', ;>/f7«/. 
(2) aerd, 3, (serul), sertum, join 

or bind together, sew. 
8Sr5, adv., [serus =: late], late, too 

late. 
aerpSna, -entis, f., [serp6= ^r^a//], 

serpent, snake. Cf. anguis. 
aerv6, i, -avi, -atum, save, keep, 

pre-SEKVE. 
aervua, -T, m., slave, servant. 
sSsrOenti, -ae, -a, num. adj., [sex 

-|- centum], six hundred; used 

of any big number ■= thousands. 
seu. See slve. 


SEVERUS 


214 


SORDIDUS 


sevSrus, -a, -um, adj., sttrfty 

SEVERE. 

sex, indecl. num. adj., six. 

81, conj., ify whether. 

sic, adv., sOy thus. Cf. ita. 

Sicilia, -ae, f., Sicily. 

sic-ut, 2idv.f just as. 

signum, -1, n., signal, sign ; stan- 

dard, 
silSns, -entis, adj., [part, of sileo], 

SILENT. 

silenter, adv., [silens], silently. 

sileo, 2, -ui, be silent. 

silva, -ae, f., woody forest. {Si loan). 

Cf. nemus, saltus. 
silvestxis, -e, adj , [silva], wooded, 

woodland. 
simia, -ae, f., and simius, -1, m., 

monkey. 
similis, -e, adj., [simul], like^ re- 
sembling, similar. 
simul, adv., [similis], at the same 

time; simul ac or atque = 

as soon as. 
simulo, I, -avi, -atum, [similis], 

make like^ imitate, pretend ^ 

simulate. 
sine, prep. w. abl., without. 
singill&tim, adv., [singulT], one 

by one, SINGLY. 
singul&ris, -e, adj., [singull], sin- 
gular, remarkable. 
singull, -ae, -a, num. adj., one to 

each, one apiece ; SINGLE, each. 
sin5, 3, sTvi, situm, allow. 
Sinon, -onis, m., Sinon. 
sinus, us, m., bosom. Cf. gre- 

mium. 
sist5, 3, stiti, statum, [sto], stop. 

Cf. sto. 
sitiSns, -entis, adj., [part, of si- 

tio = be thirsty^, thirsty. 


sitis, -is, f., thirst. 

sive or seu, conj., whether ; sive 
. . . sive = whether . . . or. Cf. 
aut. 

societ&s, -atis, f., [socius], alli- 
ance ; SOCIETY. 

socius, -I, m., ally, partner, com- 
panion, aJ-SOCIATE. 

sol, solis, [no gen. pi.], m., sun. 
(Solar). 

solea, -ae, f., [solum], shoe. (Sole). 

sole5, 2, -itus, be accustomed ; 
solitus = usual. 

SolimSUius, -1, m., Soliman. 

solium, -1, n., throne. 

sollemnis, -e, adj., [sollus = 
whole -h ditmMsl, appointed ; sol- 
emn ; customary, common. 

sollicitud5, -inis, f., [sollicitus], 
anxiety, SOLICITUDE. 

sollicitus, -a, -um, adj., [sollus = 
whole + cieo = movel, anxious, 
SOLICITOUS. 

solum, -i, n., soil, ground. 
solum, adv., [solus], only. 
solus, -a, -um, adj., alone, only, 
SOLE. 

solv5, 3, solvT, solutum, loose, 

loosen ; set sail ; pay. [Solue). 
somnium, •!, n., \sovax\\\s\, dream. 

BOTaDXLB,-\, VCi., sleep. (Som/iambu- 

lism). Cf. sopor. 
sonitus, -US, m., [sono], sound. 
son5, i,-ui, -itum, [sonus], sound. 
sonorus, -a, -um, adj., [sono], 

sounding, SONOROUS. 
sonus, -1, m., sound, noise. Cf.' 

fragor. 
sopor, -oris, m., sleep. (Soporific). 

Cf. somnus. 
sordidus, -a, -um, adj., [sorde6 = 

be dirty] , dirty. ( SoRD i D ) . 


SOROR 


215 


SUBITO 


soror, -oris, f ., sister. 

sors, sortis, f., lot, {^ort). 

sortior, 4, -itus, [sors], draw lots. 

spargo, 3, spars!, sparsum, scat- 
ter^ sprinkle. (Sparse). 

Spsurtacus, -I, m., Spartacus. 

spaUum, -T, n , space, distance^ 
interval. 

speciSs, -ei, f ., appearance, figure ; 
kind, SPECIES. Cf. figura, forma. 

spectSLculum, -I, n., [specto], 

sighty SPECTACLE. 

specto, I, -avi, -atum, [specio = 
look^ look at. (Spectator). 

spSlunca, -ae, f., cavern. Cf. 
antrum. 

sperno^ 3, sprevi, spretum, de- 
spise, scorn. Cf. despicio. 

spSro, I, -a VI, -atum, [spes], ^^/^. 

spSs, -ei, f, hope. 

spiritus, -us, m., [spiro = breathe], 
breath ; spirit. 

splendidS, adv., [splendidus], 
splendidly, magnificently. 

splendidus, -a, -um, adj., [splen- 
deo = shine\, splendid, mag- 
nificent. 

spolio, I, -avi, -atum, rob, plun- 
der, spoil, stecU. 

sponsus, -T, m., and sponsa, -ae, 
£., [spondeo = promise], be- 
trothed. (Sponsor). 

sponte, £., [abl of (spons) = free- 
will], of one's own accord, spon- 
taneously. 

spHma, -ae, i.,foam, lather. 

stabulum, -i, n, [sto], stable, 
stall, 

StS.gnum, -1, n.,/^;;^. (Stagnant). 
Cf.lacus, palus. 

statim, adv., [sto], immediately. 
Cf. extemplo, protinus. 


stati5, -onis, f., [sto], post, sta- 
tion, position. 

statud, 3, -uT, -utum, [sto], fix, 
decide, resolve, stop. (Statute). 

Stella, -ae, f., star. (Stellar). 

8t6, 1, steti, statum, stand. (State). 

stolidus, -a, -um, adj., stupid, 
stolid. 

strSnuus, -a, -um, adj., vigorous, 
courageous ; STRENUOUS. Cf. 
fortis, validus. 

strepitus, -us, m., [strepo = 
make a noise], noise, rustling. 

stridor, -oris, m., [strido = make 
a harsh noise\ squeaking. (Stri- 
dent ) . 

stringdi 3, strinxT, striatum, draw. 

(Stringent), 
8tru5, 3, struxl, structum, build, 

con-STRUcrr, devise. 
studiuxn, -1, n., [studeo = desire], 

desire, zeal. (Study). 
stoltitia, -ae, f., [stuMus], folly. 
stultus, -a, -um, adj., foolish. 

(Stultify). 

stupe-facio, 3, -feci, -factum, 
[stupeo], astonish, stun, STU- 
PEFY. 

stuped, 2, -ui, be amazed. (Stupid). 

su&vis, -e, adj., sweet, pleasant, 
delightful. (Suave). Cf. dulcis. 

sub, prep. w. ace. and abl., under, 
towards, close to. 

sub-dilco, 3, -duxl, -ductum, 
draw from under, draw up, 
zuithdraw ; steal. 

sub-eo, -Ire, -il, -itum, undergo. 

subicio, 3, -ieci, -iectum, [iaci5], 
place under. (Subject). 

subitd, adv., [subitus], suddenly. 
Cf. improvise, repente. 


SUBITUS 


2 1 6 TABERNACULUM 


Bubitos, -a, -urn, adj., [subeo], 

sudden, 
subl&tus, part, of tollo. 
8ub-lev5, I, -avi, -atum, raise^ lift. 
sub-inerg5 3, -mersT, -mersum, 

sinkt overwhelm^ submerge. 
Bub-inove5, 2, -movi, -mdtum, 

r^-MOVE, supplant. 
Bubsidium, -1, n., [sub + sedeo], 

Jielpj protection^ aid. Cf. auxi- 

lium. 
BU0-cSd5, 3, -cessi, -cessum, 

[sub], cotne up^ s\5CCE^T)y follow. 
BUCcSssus, -us, m., [succedo], 

SUCCESS. 

stlcus, •!, xa.^ juice. 

Buf-f5c5, I, -avi, -atum, [sub + 
fauces], choke^ strangle^ suffo- 
cate. 

suffirSlgium, -1, n., vote^ suffrage. 

sum, esse, fu!, be, 

suminus, -a, -um, adj., [superl. 
of superus], highest, top of. 

silm5, 3, sumpsi, -sumptum, take, 
^w-SUME; exact. 

s^mptus, -us, m., [sumo], expense, 
{Sumptuous). Cf. impensa. 

super, prep. w. ace. and abl., 
over, above, upon. 

superbia, -ae, f., [superbus], 
pride. 

superbus, -a, -urn, adj., [super], 
proud. (Superb). 

superior, -ius, adj., [comp. of su- 
perus], higher; preceding ; SU- 
PERIOR. 

super5, i, -avi, -atum, [super], 
overcome, conquer. Cf. vinco. 

super-sum, -esse, -ful, remain, 
survive. 

Bup-pet5, 3, -ivi or -il, -Itum, 
[sub], suffice. 


sup-ple5, 2, -evi, -etum, [sub], 

fill up ; SUPPLY. 
supples, -icis, adj., [sub + pli- 

c6 = bend\., suppliant. {Suppli- 
cate), 
supplicium, -i, n., [supplex], 

punishment. Cf. cruciatus. 
sup-p5no, 3, -posui, -positum, 

[sub], place under. {Suppose). 
suprSL, adv. and prep. w. ace, 

above, before. 
suprSmus, -a, -um, adj., [superl. 

of superus], last. 
surdus, -a,-um., 2idy,deaf. {Surd). 
sHrgd, 3, surrexT, surrectum, [sub 

+ rego], rise. {Surge). 
stls, suis, c, pig. Cf . porcus. 
suscipid, 3, -cepT, -ceptum, [sub 

-|- capi5], undertake, incur, take 

up. (Susceptible). 
sus-cit5, I, -avi, -atum, [sub], 

stir up, arouse, { Rtsuscitate ) . 
sos-pendd, 3, -dl, -pensum, [sub], 

hang up, SUSPEND. 
suspici5, -onis, f., [sub -f- spe- 

cio], SUSPICION. 
suspicor, I , -atus, [sub + spe- 

Cio], SUSPECT. 

sustineo, 2, -tinul, -tentum, [sub 
-f- teneo] , sustain, ^«fl?iwr^, stand. 

sustull, perf . of tollo. 

susurrus, -i, m., whisper. 

suus, -a, -um, pron. adj., [sui], 
his, her, its, their. 

SymplSgadSs. -um, f , the Sym- 
PLEGADES, floating rocks, dan- 
gerous to ships. 


tabema, -ae, f., shop. 
tabernSLculum, -1, n., [taberna], 
tent. (Tabernacle). 


TABESCO 


217 


THESEUS 


t&bS8c5, 3, -buT, [tabes = ivast- 

ing disease]^ pine or waste away, 
taced, 2, -cui, -citum, be silent. 
tacitS, adv., [tacitus], silently y 

quietly. (Tacitly). 
tacitus, -a, -um, adj., [part, of 

taceo], silent. (Tacit). 
taedet, 2, taeduit or taesum est, 

impers., ;/ disgusts, wearies ; 

taedet me, / am disgusted. 
taenia, -ae, f., ribbon. 
taeter, -tra, -trum, adj., foul, 

loathsome. 
talentum, •!, n., talent, a sum 

of money equal to about $1130. 
tftlis, -e, pron. adj., such. 
tarn, adv., so. Cf . ita, sic. 
tam-diti, adv., so long. 
tamen, conj. and adv., neverthe-' 

lesSf however, yet, but. 
tandem, adv., [tam], at length ; 

in questions = pray ? Cf. de- 
mum, denique, postremo 
t^^§^> 3» tctigi, tactum, touch. 

(Tangible). 
tan-quam, adv., \t2.m\, just as, 

like as. 
tanttun, adv., [tantus], only, 
tantus, -a, -um, adj , so great. 
tardus, -a, -um, adj., slow, tardy. 
Tarentum, -I, n., Tarentum, 

a city of Lower Italy. 
taurus, -T, m., bull. 
tSctum, -1, n., [tego], roof; house. 

Cf. domus, aedes. 
teg6, 3, texi, tectum, cover. Cf. 

occulo, operio. 
t51um, -1, n., weapon, dart, spear, 

javelin. Cf. hasta, iaculum. 
temerS, adv., rashly. 
tempestSs, -atis, f., [tempus], 

weather ; storm, tempest. 


tSmplum, -I, n., temple. 

tempus, -oris, n., time, season, 
weather. ( Temporal ) . 

tend5, 3, tetendi, tentum and 
tensum, stretch, draw. ( Tension). 

tenebrae, -arum, f., darkness, 
shades. Cf. callgo. 

tened, 2, -ui, -tum, hold, keep, re- 
strain, (Tenant). Cf. habeo. 

tener, -era, -erum, adj., tender. 

tent5, (or tempto), i, -avi, -atum, 
[tends], try, at-VEMPT. (Temp- 
tation). 

tenuis, -e, adj., thin, meagre. (At- 
tenuated). Cf. gracilis. 

ter, num. adv., three times, thrice. 

tergum, -1, n., back. 

tennino, i, -avI, -atum, [termi- 
nus = boundary], bound ; ter- 
minate. 

ter5, 3, trivi, tritum, rub. (At- 
trition). 

terra, ae, f., earth, land. (Terrace). 
terred, 2, -ui, -itum, Jrighten, 

TERRIFY. 

terribilis, -e, adj., [terreo], dread- 
ful, fearful, TERRIBLE. 

territus, -a, -um, adj., [part, of 
terreo], frightened. 

terror, -oris, m., [terreo], ter- 
ror. 

tertius, -a, -um, num. adj., [ter], 
third. 

testis, -is, c, witness. (TeatKy). 

ThSbae, -arum, f., Thebes, a city 
of Boeotia in Greece. 

thermae, -arum, f., warm baths, 
(Thermomtter). 

thSsaurus, -T, m., treasure, 
hoard. 

ThSseus, -ei and -eos, m., The- 
seus, a Greek hero. 


THESSALIA 


2l8 


TRIBUTUM 


Thessalia, -ae, £., Thessaly, a 
region of Greece. 

Thracia, -ae, £., Thrace, a coun- 
try northeast of Greece. 

tibia, -ae, fc, pipe^ flute. Cf. fis- 
tula. 

tiblcen, -inis, m., [tibia + can5], 
piper f flute-player, 

tigris, -is, or -idis, c, tiger. 

times, 2, -ui, y2rar. (Timid), Cf. 
vereor. 

TIm5n, -onis, m., Timon. 

timor, -oris, m., [timeo], /ear. 
{Timorous). Cf. formido, metus. 

tingo, 3, -tinxT, tinctum, dye, 
TINGE. Cf. inficio. 

Titus, -i, m., Titus. 

toga, -ae, f., toga, the outer gar- 
ment of a Roman citizen. 

tolero, I, -avi, -atum, endure, 
TOLERATE. Cf. patior. 

toll5, 3, sustuli, sublatum, /r/tf 
raise, take away. (Exfo/). 

tondeo, 2, totondi, tdnsum, shave. 

tonsor, -oris, m., [tondeo], barber. 
{Tonsoriat). 

torqued, 2, torsi, tortum, twist. 
{Torture). 

torquis, -is, m., [torqueo], neck- 
lace. 

torre5, 2, torrui, tostum, burn, 
bake. {Torrid, toast). 

torvus, -a, -um, sid]., ^im, savage. 
Cf. ferus, saevus. 

tostus, part, of torreo. 

tot, indecl. adj., so many. 

totus, -a, -um, adj., the whole, en- 
tire, all. Cf. omnis. (Totai), 

trabs, trabis, f., beam, timber. 

tracts, I, -avi, -atum, [traho], 
handle, manage, TREAT. 

tr2l-d5, 3, -didi, -ditum, [trans], I 


give aver, deliver ; report. ( Tra^ 

dition). 
trah5, 3, traxT, tractum, draw^ 

drag. {PiXtract). 
TrSU&nus, -1, m.. Tray. 
tr9ici5, 3, -ieci, -iectum, [trans 

-f- iaci5j, carry across, transport ^ 

pass through, pierce. Cf. trans- 

porto. 
trftn5, I, -avi, -atum, [trans + 

no = swini\, swim across. 
tranquillS, adv., [tranquillus], 

quietly, calmly, TRANQUILLY. 
trauquillitas, -atis, f., [tranquil- 
lus], calmness, tranquillity. 
tranquillus, -a, -um, adj., quiet, 

calm, tranquil. 
trftns, prep. w. ace, across, over^ 

beyofid. 
trftns-e5, -Ire, -il, -itum, cros^ 

over, cross. {Transition). Cf. 

transmitt5. 
trftns-figd, 3, -fixl, -fixum, pierce 

through, pierce, TRANSFIX. Cf. 

transfodio. 
trSUis-fodi5, 3, -fodi, -fossum, 

stab through, pierce. Cf. trans- 

ffgo. 
trSns-mlttd, 3, -misl, -missum, 

send across, go across, cross. 

{Transmit). Cf. transeo. 
tr&ns-port5, i, -avi, -atum, carry 

across, TRANSPORT. Cf. traicio. 
tr&ns-vol5, i, -avi, -atum, fly 

across. 
trecentf, -ae, -a, num. adj., [tres 

-f centum], three hundred. 
tr68, tria, num. adj., three. 
tribu5, 3, -ui, -utum, [tribus = 

tribe"], give, render. {Mtribute), 
tribtltum, -1, n., [tribuo], tri- 
bute. 


TRIGINTA 


219 


URO 


trigint&, indecl. num. adj., thirty. 

tristia, -e, adj., sad, gloomy ^ sor- 
rowful. Cf. maestus. 

triatitia, -ae, f., [tristis], sadness. 

Tr5ia, -ae, f., Troy, an ancient 
city in Phrygia. 

truncus, -i, m., trunk. 

tu, pers. pron., thoUj you. 

tuba, -ae, f., trumpet. 

tubicen, -inis, m., [tuba + cano], 
trumpeter. 

tuU, perf . of fero. 

turn, adv., then, at that time. 

tumultus, -us, m., uproar, tu- 
mult. 

tumulus, -1, m., [tumeo = sweU\ 
mound. 

tunica, -ae, f., under-garment, 

TUNIC. 

turba, -ae, f., crowd. Cf. caterva. 
(i) turbd, I, -a VI, -atum, [turba], 

^/>-TURB. 

(2) turbd, -inis, m., whirlwind. 
{Turbine). Cf. procella. 

turbulentus, -a, -um, adj., [tur- 
ba], troublesome, turbulent. 

turpis, -e, adj., base, disgraceful. 
• (Turpitude). 

turris, -is, f., tower. 

tussia, -is, f., cough. 

ttltus, -a, -um, adj , [part, of tu- 
eor = protect], safe. Cf. incolu- 
mis, securus. 

tuus, -a, -um, pron. adj., thy, 
thine, your, yours. 


ubi, adv., where, when. 
ubi-que, adv., everywhere. (Ubi- 

quitoua). 
tldus, -a, -um, adj., wet. 
ulciscor, 3, ultus, avenge. 


GlixSs, -T or ei, m., Ulysses, a 
Greek hero. 

fUlus, -a, -um, adj., [for unulus, 
dimin. of unus], any. 

fUterior, -ius, comp. adj. w. no 
posit, [ultra], farther. (Ulte- 
rior). 

fUtimus, -a, -um, superl. adj., [ul- 
terior], y^r/A^j/, last. (Ultimate). 

fUtrSl, adv., beyond, further, more, 
besides. 

ululSLtus, -us, m., [ululo = howf], 
howling, wailing, 

umbra, -ae, f., shade, shadoiv. 
(Umbrella). 

umeruB, -i, m., shoulder. 

fLnSl, adv., [unus], together with. 

unda, -ae, f., wave. Cf. fluctus. 

unde, adv., whence. 

fLndecim, indecl. num. adj., 
[unus + decem], eleven. 

undi-que, adv., [unde], from all 
sides, on all sides. 

^^§5, 3, unxl, unctum, smear, an- 
01 NT. (Unction). 

unguentum, -1, n., [ungo], oint- 
ment, unguent. 

unguis, -is, m., nail, talon. 

flnicus, -a, -um, adj., [unus], sin- 
gle. (Unique). 

flni- versus, -a, -um, [unus + 
verto], all together. (Uniuerae). 

unquam, adv., ever. 

flnus, -a, -um, num. adj., one. 

urb&nus, -a, -um, adj., [urbs], oj 
or belonging to the city or town^ 
city-, town-, (Urbane). 

urbs, urbis, f., city. (Suburb). Cf. 
oppidum. 

urged, 2, -ursi, press, drive, urge. 
Cf. impellS, incito. 

Urd, 3, ussi, ustum, burn. 


URSA 


220 


VERRES 


ursa, -ae, f., she-bear. 

usque, adv., all the whiles up to, 
until. 

flBUS, -us, m., [utor], use ; experi- 
ence. 

ut or uti, conj., w. indic^ as, when ; 
w. subj., thatf in order that. 

uter, -tris, m., skin. 

uter, -tra, -trum, interrog. pron., 
which of two, 

uterque, utraque, utrumque, in- 
def. pron., each of two. 

UtiliB, -e, adj., [utor], useful. 

iitilitas, -atis, f., [utilis], vsEful- 
ness, UTILITY, advantage. 

uti-nam, adv., would that, O that. 

utor, 3, usus, USE, employ. 

utrinque, adv., [uterque], on ei- 
ther side, on both sides, 

utrum, adv., whether. 

uxor, -oris, £., wife. 


vacca, -ae, f. cow. {Vaccinate), 
vacuus, -a, -um, adj., [vaco = be 

empty], empty ^ idle. {VaccLnt). 
v&do, 3, go, walk. 
vadum, -i, n., [vado], ford, 

sliallow. 
vagor, I, -atus, wander, rove. 

{Vagrant). 
vald§, adv., [validus], strongly, 

intensely, very. 
valeo, 2, -uT, -itum, be strong, be 

able, be well; vale = good-bye. 
validus, -a, -um, adj., [valeo], 

strong, stout, powerful. Cf. f or- 

tis, strenuus. 

ValliS, -is, f., VALLEY. 

v^lum, -I, n., WALL, rampart, 
v&nus, -a, -um, adj., empty; 
groundless, VAIN. 


varius, -a, -um, adj., various. 

varus, -I, m.. Varus. 

vSs, vasis, pi. vasa, -5rum n., ves- 
sel, pot. {Vase). 

vSstd, I, -avi, -atum, [vastus], 
ravage, aV-vastate. 

vastus, -a, -um, adj., waste; im- 
mense, vast. Cf. ingens. 

vehementer, adv., violently, ve- 
hemently. 

veho, 3, vexi, vectum, carry, con- 
vey ; pass. = ride. {Vehicle). 
Cf. fero, ports. 

Vgii, -orum, m., Veji, city in Italy. 

v§la, -orum, n., sails. 

vellus, -eris, w., fleece. 

vel-ut, adv., even as, just as. 

v§nSLti5, -onis, f., [venor], hunt- 
ing 

vSnSLtor, -oris, m., [venor], hunter. 

vSndo, 3, -didi, -ditum, [venum 
= sale + d5], sell. {Vend). 

venSnum, -i, n., poison, venom. 

venia, -ae, f., indulgence, favor, 
kindness ; pardon. {Venial). 

venio, 4, veni, ventum, come, 

vSnor, I, -atus, hunt. 

venter, -tris, m., belly. 

ventus, -1, m., wind, Cf. aura, 
aer. 

vSr, veris, n., spring. {Vernal). 

verber, -eris, n., lash, whip ; blow. 

verber5, i, -avi, -atum, [verber], 
lash, beat, box, {K&oer berate), 
Cf. ferio. 

verbum, -I, n., word.. { Verbal). 

vereor, 2, -itus, r<f-VERE; /ear- 
Cf. metuo, timeo. 

vSr6, adv.- and conj., [verus], in- 
deed, in fact, however. Cf. 
verum. 

Verrfis, -is, m., Verres. 


VERRO 


221 


VIRGULTA 


verr6, 3, brushy sweep. 

versor, i, -atus, [verto], dwelly 

stay^ be, be engaged in, 
verts, 3, verti, versum, turn. 

(Verse). 
vera, us, n., spit (for roasting). 
vSrum, adv. and conj., [verus], 

truiyt but, yet, Cf. vero. 
vSruB, -a, -um, adj., true, real. 

{Verliy). 
v6-8ftnu8, -a, -um, adj., [ve- = 

not], mad, furious, raging. Cf. 

insanus. 
vescor, '^.feed, eat. Cf. edo, de- 

voro. 
vesper, -eri and -cris, m., evening. 

(Vesper a). 
vesperi, adv., [vesper], in the 

evening. 
veater, -tra, -trum, pron. adj., 

your, yours. 
veatlgiam, -i, n , footstep ; trace. 

(Vestige). 
ves^mentum, -1, n., [vestis], 

garment. (Vestment). 
veatid, 4, -ivi, -Ttum, [vestis], 

dress, clothe. (Vesture). 
vestis, -is, i., garment, robe, clothes. 
vet6, I , -ui, -\i\xm, forbid. ( Veto ) . 
v§z5, I, -a VI, -atum, [veho], in- 

Jure, molest, vex. 
via, -ae, f., way, road, street, pas- 
sage, gap. 
vi&tor, -oris, m., [via], wayfarer, 

traveler. 
viclnus, -a, -um, adj., [vTcus], 

near, neighboring; as noun = 

neighbor. ( Vi cinity ) . 
victor, -5ris, m., [vinco], con- 

queror, VICTOR. 
victoria, -ae, f., [victor], vic- 
tory. 


vlctus, -Qs, m., [vivo], food. 

(Victuals). 
vlcus, -1, m., street, village. 
vide5, 2, vidi, visum, see; pass., 

seem, appear. (Vision). Cf. aspi- 

ci5, conspicio. 
viduuB, -a, -um, adj., widowed. 
vigilanter, adv., [vigilans = 

watchful], watchfully, vigilant- 
ly. 
vigilantia, -ae, f., [vigilans = 

watchful], watchfulness, VIGI- 
LANCE. 
vig^ilia, -ae, f., [vigil = watchful], 

wakefulness, watch. (Vigil). 
vigild, I, -avi, -atum, [vigil = 

watchful], watch. (Vigilant). 
vigintt, indecl. num. adj., twenty, 
vilis, -e, adj., cheap, worthless. 
vUla, -ae, f., country house, villa. 
vlmen, -inis, n , pliant twig, 

osier. 
vinci5, 4, vinxi, vinctum, bind. 

Cf. constringo. 
vinco, 3, vlci, victum, conquer. 

Cf. supero. 
vinculum, or vinclum, -1, n., 

[vincio], chain. Cf. catena. 
vindic5, i, -avi, -atum, lay claim 

to ; avenge. (Vindicate). 
vinum, -i, n., wine. 
violentia, -ae, f., [vis], violence, 

fury, vehemence. 
viol6, I, -avi, -atum, [vis], vio- 
late, profane ; break. 
vir, viri, m., man, husband, man 

of principle. Cf. homo. 
virga, -ae, f., rod. 
Virgo, -inis, f., maiden, virgin. 

Cf. puella. 
virgulta, -orum, n., [virga], thick- 

et, shrubbery. 


VIRIDIS 


222 


ZETES 


viridia, -e, adj., [vireo —be green], 

green. (Verdure). 
vMIis, -e, adj., [vir], manly, 

{Virile). 
virttis, -utis, f., [vir], courage; 

VIRTUE. Cf. fortitudo. 
vi8, (vis), f., ^xiig.y force y violence ; 

pi., vires, strength. 
■^^5, 3, visi, visum, VISIT. 
visus, -us, m., [video], sight. 
vita, -ae, f., [vivo], life. {Vital). 
vitium, -i, n., fault, vice. Cf. 

culpa, delictum. 
vltd, I, -avT, -atum, auoii/f shunt 

escape. Cf. effugio. 
vitulus, -i, m., calf. 
vlv6, 3, vixi, victum, live. 
vivus, -a, -um, adj., [vivo], alive. 
vix, adv., hardly^ scarcely. 
voc5, I) -a VI, -atum, call^ summon, 

invite. {Vocation). Cf. appello. 
Volc&nus, -I, m., Vulcan, the 

god of fire, 
(i) volg5, adv., [volgus = people], 

publicly, before all the world. 

{Vulgar). 
(2) volgo, I, -a VI, -atum, [volgus 

= people], publish. {Vulgate). 


volit5, I, -avi, -atum, [vol6],y^ 
to and fro, hover. 

volnerd, i, -avi, -atum, [volnus], 
wound. { Vulnerable ) . 

volnus, -eris, n., wound. 

V0I6, I, -avi, -^t\im,fly. 

V0I6, velle, volui, wish. {Volition)- 

volpSs, -is, i.,fox. 

voltur, -uris, m., vulture. 

voltus, -us, m., countenance, fea- 
tures; looks, expression. 

volucer, -cris, -ere, adj., [volo], 
winged. 

volucris, -is, f., [volucer], bird. 

volupt&s, -atis, f., pleasure, de- 
light, choice. 

volv6, 3, volvl, volutum, roll, re- 
VOLVE ; ponder, meditate. 

v5tiim, -I, n., [voveo = vow\, voiv. 
{Vote). 

v5z, vocis, f., [voco], voice. 


ZSn5, -onis, m., Zeno. 
ZephyruB, -I, m.. Zephyr, ivest 

wind. 
Zetes, -ae, m., Zetes, one of the 

Argonauts. 


1 


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